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Bilingualism and the Brain

Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 30 Aralık 2021
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Bilingualism and the Brain

Öz

Bilinguals have been compared with monolinguals and become research focus due to their more extensive communication skills, more complex thought processes, and easier identity development in two different languages. Being a bilingual from babyhood is a unique experience which can change the structure, the network and the executive control system in the brain. There are two constantly active languages in the minds of bilinguals and bilinguals are always in a state of deciding between these languages, which is an exercise for the brain. A study (Mechelli, 2004) has showed that that second-language learning raises grey matter in the left inferior parietal cortex, which is related to decision-making, inhibition and focusing. In fact, the difference between bilinguals and monolinguals could emerge at infanthood. A relevant study (Kovacs et al., 2009) has indicated that seven-month-year-olds bilinguals have left the contemporaneous monolinguals behind at learning a new rule while playing with puppets. Furthermore, bilinguals have advantages at getting Alzheimer at elder ages. The difference between monolinguals and bilinguals for getting the illness is 4.1 years (Bialstok et al., 2007). Based on the results of the relevant studies, it can be concluded that bilingualism and multilingualism should be encouraged across the world for cognitive advantage and conserving good health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Associated Press. Some facts about the world’s 6,800 tongues. 2001. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://articles.cnn.com/2001-06-19/us/language.glance_1_languages-origin-tongues?_s=PM:US
  2. Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Freedman, M. (2007). Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia. Neuropsychologia. C. 45, S. 2, s. 459-464.
  3. Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., Klein, R., & Viswanathan, M. (2004). Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive control: evidence from the Simon task. Psychology and aging, C. 19, S. 2, s. 290
  4. Bialystok, E., Craik, F., & Luk, G. (2008). Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory, and cognition, C. 34, S. 4, s. 859.
  5. Hernandez, A. E., Dapretto, M., Mazziotta, J., & Bookheimer, S. (2001). Language switching and language representation in Spanish–English bilinguals: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, C. 14, S. 2, s. 510-520.
  6. Hope, T. M., Parker Jones, Ō., Grogan, A., Crinion, J., Rae, J., Ruffle, L., ... & Green, D. W. (2015). Comparing language outcomes in monolingual and bilingual stroke patients. Brain, C. 138, S. 4, s. 1070-1083. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers
  7. Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009). Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, C. 106, S. 16, s. 6556-6560.
  8. Luk, G., Green, D. W., Abutalebi, J., & Grady, C. (2012). Cognitive control for language switching in bilinguals: A quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Language and cognitive processes, 27(10), 1479-1488. C. 14, S. 2, s. 510-520.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Derleme

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Aralık 2021

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Kasım 2021

Kabul Tarihi

20 Aralık 2021

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Aggun, N. (2021). Bilingualism and the Brain. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi, 6(2), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.1026418
AMA
1.Aggun N. Bilingualism and the Brain. AİTBD-AHSSJ. 2021;6(2):138-144. doi:10.46628/itbhssj.1026418
Chicago
Aggun, Nazli. 2021. “Bilingualism and the Brain”. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi 6 (2): 138-44. https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.1026418.
EndNote
Aggun N (01 Aralık 2021) Bilingualism and the Brain. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi 6 2 138–144.
IEEE
[1]N. Aggun, “Bilingualism and the Brain”, AİTBD-AHSSJ, c. 6, sy 2, ss. 138–144, Ara. 2021, doi: 10.46628/itbhssj.1026418.
ISNAD
Aggun, Nazli. “Bilingualism and the Brain”. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi 6/2 (01 Aralık 2021): 138-144. https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.1026418.
JAMA
1.Aggun N. Bilingualism and the Brain. AİTBD-AHSSJ. 2021;6:138–144.
MLA
Aggun, Nazli. “Bilingualism and the Brain”. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi, c. 6, sy 2, Aralık 2021, ss. 138-44, doi:10.46628/itbhssj.1026418.
Vancouver
1.Nazli Aggun. Bilingualism and the Brain. AİTBD-AHSSJ. 01 Aralık 2021;6(2):138-44. doi:10.46628/itbhssj.1026418

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