Araştırma Makalesi

Rusya'nın 2014 Yılı Kırım'ı İlhakının Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Askeri Harcamalarına Etkisi

Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 31 Mart 2023
PDF İndir
EN TR

The Effect of Russia's 2014 Annexation of Crimea on Military Expenditures of European Union Countries

Abstract

The number of countries under the protection umbrella of NATO increased to 30 with the participation of North Macedonia in 2020. Ukraine, Georgia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sweden and Finland, which want to take advantage of this protection against Russia's expansionist policies, continue their membership negotiations. In 2014, Russian armed forces annexed the Crimea region of Ukraine, but this has never been recognized by international organizations such as the United Nations and the European Union. The importance of membership to NATO has once again emerged in the tensions between Russia and Ukraine for the European Union countries, all of which are members of NATO, except for six. Russia launched a wider invasion operation covering Ukraine's Kherson, Zaporizhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions in February 2022 and this operation took the tension to a higher point in the region. Russia's recent westward expansionist policies and ongoing occupation movements have increased the risks of national defense and have made it necessary for European Union 27 countries to change their share of defense expenditures in their budget. The member states of the Union increased their defense expenditures in order to eliminate security concerns. With this study, firstly the developments between Russia and Ukraine are discussed in a historical process and then the course of the defense expenditures of the European Union countries against the developments is examined. In this study, the analysis period is divided into 2007-2014 and 2014-2021 periods in order to make the effects of 2014 annexation of Crimea become more evident in the analyzes. The military expenditure developments of the European Union countries for the period 2007-2021 are analyzed With the data obtained from the SIPRI database. According to the findings of the study, the total military expenditures of the European Union countries decreased from approximately 213 billion dollars in 2007 to 208 billion dollars in 2014. In the 2007-2014 period, only 7 countries increased their military expenditures, albeit to a very small proportion. After the annexation in 20014, all member countries increased their military expenditures and by 2021, the total amount of expenditure of the European Union increased by approximately 49 billion dollars and exceeded 257 billion dollars. In the period of 2014-2021, the first three member countries that proportionally increased their expenditures the most are respectively; Lithuania (191%), Latvia (180%) and Hungary (130%).

Keywords

Russia-Ukraine Political Relations , Military Expenditures , Russia , European Union Countries

Kaynakça

  1. Al, A. & Ayvacı, F. A. (2017). Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi: Bitmeyen Kırım Sorunu. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Cilt 13, Sayı 26, s.221 – 251.
  2. Aras, İ. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nin Kırım’ın İhakına Bakışı: Rusya’ya Yönelik Yaptırımlar. Karadeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı 53, s.29-50.
  3. Brown, C. & Ainley, K. (2008). Uluslararası İlişkileri Anlamak. (Çev. Arzu Oyacıoğlu), İstanbul, Yayın Odası Yayınları.
  4. Canbolat, İ. S. (2002). Avrupa Birliği: Uluslarüstü Bir Sistemin Tarihsel Teorik Kurumsal Jeopolitik Analizi ve Genişleme Sürecinde Türkiye ile İlişkiler. İstanbul, Alfa Yayınları.
  5. Caşın, M. H. (2015). NATO Stratejisindeki Değişim ve Rusya-NATO Rekabetinin Geleceği, içinde İrfan Kaya Ülger (Ed.), Putin’in Ülkesi: Yeni Yüzyıl Eşiğinde Rusya Federasyonu Analizi. Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara, s.313-346.
  6. Dedeoğlu, B. (2006). Adım Adım Avrupa Birliği, İstanbul, Okumuş Adam Yayınları.
  7. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı (2022). Avrupa Birliği'nin Tarihi. Erişim Tarihi: 27.12.2022, https://www.ab.gov.tr/_233.html.
  8. Dünya Bankası (2022). GSYH Verileri. Erişim Tarihi: 25.12.2022, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=EU.
  9. Dünya Bankası (2022). Mal ve Hizmet İhracatı Verileri. Erişim Tarihi: 21.12.2022, ttps://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD?locations=EU.
  10. Dünya Bankası (2022). Nüfus Verileri. Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=EU.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Özcan, O., & Ozcan, Y. (2023). Rusya’nın 2014 Yılı Kırım’ı İlhakının Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Askeri Harcamalarına Etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 445-469. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1237636