Spontaneous Disaster Volunteer Selection Scale: Validity and Reliability Assessment

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2630 - 2652, 31.12.2025

Melikşah Turan

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1711975

Öz

Although disaster management practices have advanced considerably in recent years, citizens who are the first to arrive at the disaster scene—due to geographical proximity and a strong motivation to help—continue to play critical roles in emergency response processes. Contemporary disaster management has evolved into a multi-actor framework involving professional response teams, volunteers, civil society organizations, and active citizens. Voluntary engagement has become an indispensable complement to public response capacity, particularly in sudden-onset and large-scale disasters. Nevertheless, the structural criteria governing volunteer participation in disaster response in many countries remain ambiguous. For effective integration, it is essential to establish systematic components such as selection protocols, training standards, role definitions, and responsibility frameworks. In this context, the present study aims to contribute to the development of an effective volunteer selection approach in disaster settings in Türkiye by evaluating the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Spontaneous Volunteer Selection Scale developed by Martínez et al. (2021). The target population consisted of students at Erzurum Technical University, and a non-probability convenience sampling method was employed. To minimize sampling error, the sample size was determined to be 417 participants. The instrument was distributed online and in person during the data collection phase, and responses were collected in both digital and printed formats. The original scale was translated into Turkish following established linguistic and cultural validation procedures and subsequently pilot-tested. To assess construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was initially conducted, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the resulting factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. EFA results revealed that five subdimensions explained 55.23% of the total variance. The CFA confirmed acceptable model fit indices for the 24-item, 5-factor structure (χ²/df = 2.229; CFI = 0.91; IFI = 0.91; GFI = 0.90; AGFI = 0.87; RMSEA = 0.054). The overall internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.88). Based on the findings, the Turkish version of the scale was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument comprising five dimensions—Knowledge, Skills/Capabilities, Behavior, Motivation, and Social Desirability—across 24 items.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Management , Validity , Reliability , Risk Management , Spontaneous Voluntary.

Etik Beyan

It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited. (Erzurum Technical University Rectorate, Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee Decision was taken with the decision dated 07.11.2024, numbered 14/16 of the Presidency of the Publication Ethics Committee.)

Teşekkür

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Pablo Martínez, Daniela Jaime, Monica Moreno, Daniela Contreras, Carolina Bonacic and Mauricio Marín, who contributed the original form to the literature, which made it possible to conduct the study.

Spontane Afet Gönüllüsü Seçim Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Afet yönetimi önemli gelişmeler kaydetmiş olsa da coğrafi yakınlık ve yardım motivasyonu nedeniyle olay yerine ilk ulaşan vatandaşlar, müdahale süreçlerinde kritik roller üstlenmektedir. Günümüzde afet yönetimi, profesyonel ekiplerin yanı sıra gönüllüler ve sivil toplumun katılımına dayalı çok aktörlü bir yapıya dönüşmüştür. Özellikle ani ve yaygın etkili afetlerde gönüllü katkısı, kamu kapasitesini tamamlayan vazgeçilmez bir unsur hâline gelmiştir. Ancak gönüllü katılımına ilişkin yapısal kriterler birçok ülkede belirsizliğini korumakta; etkin entegrasyon için seçim, eğitim ve görev tanımlarının netleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışma ile, ülkemizde afet durumlarında etkili bir gönüllü seçimi yaklaşımı geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamak adına Martínez vd. (2021) tarafından geliştirilen 'Spontane Afet Gönüllüsü Seçim Ölçeği'nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi öğrencileri oluşturmakta olup, örneklem seçiminde tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Örneklem büyüklüğü, hata payını minimize etmek amacıyla 417 kişi olarak belirlenmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde, gönüllü katılımcılara Spontane Afet Gönüllüsü Seçim Ölçeği hem çevrimiçi hem de yüz yüze yollarla ulaştırılmış; yanıtlar dijital ve basılı formatta elde edilmiştir. Orijinal formdan Türkçeye uyarlanan ölçek, kültürel ve dilsel geçerlik adımları tamamlandıktan sonra ön uygulamayla test edilmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla öncelikle açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) uygulanmış, elde edilen faktör yapısının doğrulanmasına yönelik olarak da doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılığı Cronbach alfa katsayısı kullanılarak güvenirlik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. AFA sonucunda toplam varyansın %55,23’ünün beş alt boyut tarafından açıklandığı görülmüştür. Modelin uyum düzeyi, DFA ile değerlendirilmiş olup; 5 faktör 24 ifadeden oluşan ölçüm aracının uyum iyiliği indekslerinin (χ²/df=2.229; CFI=0.91; IFI=0.91; GFI=0.90; AGFI=0.87, RMSEA=0.054) kabul edilebilir bir seviyede olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirliği (Cronbach α=0.88) yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, Spontane Afet Gönüllüsü Seçim Ölçeği'nin Bilgi, Beceri/Yetenek, Davranış, Motivasyon ve Sosyal Beğenirlik olmak üzere beş boyut ve yirmi dört maddeden oluşan yapısının Türk kültüründe geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği doğrulanmış bir ölçek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Yönetimi , Geçerlilik , Güvenilirlik , Risk Yönetimi , Spontane Gönüllü.

Kaynakça

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