İklim Değişikliği – Göç İlişkisinin Toplumsal Yansımaları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2087 - 2105, 31.12.2025

Furkan Düzenli

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1745364

Öz

Her yıl, iklim, atmosfer koşulları ve denizlerle ilişkili felaketler sonucunda, binlerce insan literatürde “antropojenik tehlike” olarak adlandırılan durumların etkisi altında kalmaktadır. İklim değişikliği bağlamında değerlendirilen bu olaylar hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzlemde köklü dönüşümler yaratmaktadır. Özellikle sıcaklık artışı, deniz seviyesindeki yükselme ve kuraklık gibi çevresel faktörler, zorunlu yer değiştirmelere neden olmaktadır. Mevcut araştırmalar, iklim temelli göçlerin, diğer göç nedenlerine kıyasla daha geniş kitleleri harekete geçirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu tür göçler yalnızca bireyleri etkilemekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda toplum yapısında da çeşitli sonuçlar doğurur. İklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak gelişen göç dinamikleri; ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yapılar üzerinde derin etkiler yaratmakta ve toplumsal değişimleri tetiklemektedir. Göç eden bireylerin yerleştikleri topluluklarda karşılaştıkları sosyal ve hukuki dönüşümler hem göçmenleri hem de ev sahibi toplumları etkileyen yapısal değişimlere yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çok yönlü bir değerlendirme; toplumsal uyum, kalkınma ve küresel adalet açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, iklim göçlerini sosyolojik bir perspektifle, nedenleri ve sonuçlarıyla birlikte incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Çalışmada; göç kararlarının öncesine denk gelen süreçte iklim değişikliğinin bu kararlardaki etkisi, “iklim değişikliği-göç ilişkisi” çerçevesinde değerlendirilecek ve hem Türkiye'den hem de dünyadan örnek vakalara yer verilecektir. Özellikle ülkemizde son yıllarda meydana gelen depremlerin ardından ortaya çıkan göç dalgalarının psikolojik, sosyolojik ve ekonomik sonuçları, çok yönlü bir biçimde ele alınmayı gerektirmektedir. Ayrıca, göç sonrasına odaklanılarak, iklim nedeniyle yer değiştiren bireylerin hukuki durumları sosyolojik bir perspektifle analiz edilecektir. Son kısımda ise, iklim değişikliğinin göç olgusu üzerinden toplumsal yapıya olan etkileri irdelenecektir. Güncelliğini sürdüren bu meselenin çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınması, alana dair sonraki araştırmalar için de değerli katkılar sunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç Hareketleri , İklim Değişikliği , İklim Göçü , İklim Mültecileri , Toplumsal Değişim

The Social Reflections of Climate Change - Migration Relationship

Öz

Every year, as a result of disasters related to climate, atmospheric conditions, and seas, thousands of people are under the influence of what are called ‘anthropogenic hazards’ in the literature. These events, which are evaluated in the context of climate change, create radical transformations at both individual and social levels. In particular, environmental factors such as temperature increase, sea level rise, and drought cause forced displacement. Existing research shows that climate-based migrations mobilize larger masses compared to other causes of migration. Such migrations affect individuals and have various consequences on the social structure. Migration dynamics that develop due to climate change have profound effects on economic, social, and cultural structures and trigger social changes. The social and legal transformations that migrants face in the communities where they settle lead to structural changes that affect both migrants and host societies. In this context, a multidimensional assessment is critical for social cohesion, development, and global justice. This study aims to examine climate migration from a sociological perspective, together with its causes and consequences.
In this study, the impact of climate change on these decisions in the period preceding migration decisions will be evaluated within the framework of the ‘climate change-migration relationship,’ and case studies from both Türkiye and the world will be included. The psychological, sociological, and economic consequences of the migration waves that have emerged, especially after the earthquakes that have occurred in our country in recent years, require a multidimensional approach. In addition, by focusing on the aftermath of migration, the legal status of individuals displaced due to climate change will be analyzed from a sociological perspective. n the final section, the impact of climate change on social structure through the phenomenon of migration will be analyzed. Addressing this issue, which remains topical, from various perspectives is expected to provide valuable contributions for future research in the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Migration Movements , Climate Change , Climate Migration , Climate Refugees , Social Change

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