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Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire

Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5 31 Aralık 2025
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Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire

Öz

This article focuses on a specific subset of archival materials: suicide-related news reports published in nineteenth century Ottoman Turkish newspapers, identified through digital tools such as Wikilala and Müteferriqa. Among these, the study selects only those articles that provide statistical data on suicide rates in Europe or offer a critique of Western civilization. The analysis reveals that the Ottoman press was well aware of the increasing suicide rates in the West and familiar with emerging European claims that associated these rates with civilizational development. In some cases, the reports not only relayed but also echoed such interpretations. Interestingly, the lack of similar statistical efforts within the Ottoman Empire (and the absence of critique regarding this gap) suggests that suicide was largely perceived as a Western phenomenon. The Ottoman press employed suicide statistics as a rhetorical and discursive tool for expressing broader critiques of Western modernity. Since Ottoman intellectuals were already engaged in debates over the adoption of Western civilization, especially concerning its moral and cultural dimensions, suicide became integrated into this wider framework of scepticism and critique. Rather than presenting suicide as a domestic issue, Ottoman newspapers largely reported on it as a problem confined to Europe, reinforcing the notion that it was a byproduct of Western modern life. This article aims to demonstrate how suicide functioned as a symbolic site for articulating anxieties about civilization and moral decline. By analysing these reports, the study contributes to broader discussions about the Ottoman engagement with modernity and the selective appropriation of Western ideas within the empire’s public discourse.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suicide, Ottoman Press, Civilization Critique, Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire, Moral Statistics, Western Modernity, Disease of Civilization

Kaynakça

  1. Abaoğlu, E. (2024). Discourse on Self-Inflicted Death and Rising Psy- Sciences in the Late Ottoman Empire [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  2. Akarlı, E. D. (1976). The Problems of External Pressures, Power Struggles, and Budgetary Deficits in Ottoman Politics under Abdülhamid II (1876-1909): Origins and Solutions”, [PhD Dissertation]. Princeton University.
  3. Balsoy, G., & Gündoğdu, C. (2020). Ottoman Death Registers (Vefeyât Defterleri) and Recording Deaths in Istanbul, 1838–1839. Middle Eastern Studies, 57(2), 197–208.
  4. Berkes, N. (1973). Türkiye’de Çağdaşlaşma (A. Kuyaş, Ed.). Bilgi.
  5. Brancaccio, M. T. (2013). “The Fatal Tendency of Civilized Society”: Enrico Morselli’s Suicide, Moral Statistics, and Positivism in Italy. Journal of Social History, 46(3), 700–715.
  6. Brancaccio, M. T., Engstrom, E. J., & Lederer, D. (2013). The Politics of Suicide: Historical Perspectives on Suicidology Before Durkheim. An Introduction. Journal of Social History, 46(3), 607–619.
  7. Deringil, S. (2014). İktidarın Sembolleri ve İdeoloji: II. Abdülhamit Dönemi (1876—1909). Doğan Kitap.
  8. Doğan, A. (2006). Osmanlı Aydınları ve Sosyal Darwinizm. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  9. Durkheim, É. (1951). Suicide, a Study in Sociology. Free Press.
  10. Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Pantheon

Kaynak Göster

APA
Abaoğlu, E. (2025). Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(5), 2944-2960. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1760424
AMA
1.Abaoğlu E. Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire. itobiad. 2025;14(5):2944-2960. doi:10.15869/itobiad.1760424
Chicago
Abaoğlu, Esra. 2025. “Suicide as a ‘Disease of Civilization’: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 14 (5): 2944-60. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1760424.
EndNote
Abaoğlu E (01 Aralık 2025) Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 14 5 2944–2960.
IEEE
[1]E. Abaoğlu, “Suicide as a ‘Disease of Civilization’: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire”, itobiad, c. 14, sy 5, ss. 2944–2960, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.15869/itobiad.1760424.
ISNAD
Abaoğlu, Esra. “Suicide as a ‘Disease of Civilization’: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 14/5 (01 Aralık 2025): 2944-2960. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1760424.
JAMA
1.Abaoğlu E. Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire. itobiad. 2025;14:2944–2960.
MLA
Abaoğlu, Esra. “Suicide as a ‘Disease of Civilization’: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 14, sy 5, Aralık 2025, ss. 2944-60, doi:10.15869/itobiad.1760424.
Vancouver
1.Esra Abaoğlu. Suicide as a “Disease of Civilization”: A Tool for Westernization Critique in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire. itobiad. 01 Aralık 2025;14(5):2944-60. doi:10.15869/itobiad.1760424