Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2568 - 2588, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1774701

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Raiya, H., Sasson, T., Pargament, K. I., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2020). Religious coping and health and well-being among Jews and Muslims in Israel. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 30(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1725504
  • Adam, B., Güç, A., Yitik, A. İ., Eroğlu, A. H., Arık, D., Çoban, B. Z., ... Ayar, T. (2015). Dinler tarihi el kitabı. Grafiker Yayınları.
  • Ahmed, S. (2008). What is Sufism. Forum Philosophicum, 13(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.5840/forphil200813214
  • Annas, J. (1993). The morality of happiness. Oxford University Press.
  • Ayapbek, R. (2021). Evli bireylerde partnere saygı ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Women’s and Family Studies, 1(1), 1–12.
  • Balcı Arvas, F. (2017). Psikolojide ve İslam dini düşünce geleneğinde mutluluk kavramı: Karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.333506
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115–128.
  • Bilgin, D. (2017). Understanding the relationship between happiness and creativity in terms of the dimensions of psychological and subjective well-being Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson.
  • Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
  • Caffrey, C. (2024). Stoicism. In Salem Press Encyclopedia. Salem Press. Erişim adresi: https://research.ebsco.com/c/m4d6dg/viewer/html/7tufuknbfb
  • Carr, A. (2016). Pozitif psikoloji (E. Güney, Çev.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Çetinkaya, M., & Billings, J. (2023). Systematic review of the relationship between Islamic-Sufi spirituality and practice and mental well-being. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 26(10), 1065–1080. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2023.2256265
  • Cevizci, A. (2009). Felsefe tarihi: Thales’ten Baudrillard’a. Say Yayınları.
  • Çakmak, E., & Yalçın, İ. (2023). Duygu düzenleme ve öz farkındalık arasındaki ilişkide iyi oluşun aracı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 13(3), 155–172.
  • Çelik, M., & Gül, E. (2023). Pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahalelerin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 210–220.
  • Dambrun, M., & Ricard, M. (2011). Self-centeredness and selflessness: A theory of self-based psychological functioning and its consequences for happiness. Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023059
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  • Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (Eds.). (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. MIT Press.
  • Eger, R. J., & Maridal, J. H. (2015). A statistical meta-analysis of the wellbeing literature. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(2), 45–74. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i2.4
  • Ellis, A. (2010). Overcoming destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors: New directions for rational emotive behavior therapy. Prometheus Books.
  • Epiktetos. (2014). Söylevler (B. Akar, Çev.). Şule Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022a). Enkheiridion (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022b). İçsel huzur iyi yaşamın kapısını açar (C. Erengil, Çev.). Beta Yayınları.
  • Frager, R. (2005). Kalp, nefs, ruh (İ. Kapaklıkaya, Çev.). Sufi Yayınları.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Garcia, D., Jimmefors, A., & Archer, T. (2022). Self-awareness and emotional regulation in well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 897245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897245
  • Garland, E. L., & Farb, N. A. (2021). Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 31–36.
  • Gazâlî, M. (1969). Zübdetü’l-İhya (A. Özek, Çev.). Salah Bilici Kitabevi. (Orijinal eser 11. yüzyıl)
  • Gradinaru, F. D. (2023). Exploring the philosophical underpinnings of cognitive behavioral therapy: Stoicism as a guiding philosophy. New Trends in Psychology, 5(2), 30–37.
  • Güngören, İ. (1981). Buda ve öğretisi. Yol Yayınları.
  • Hadyanfard, H. (2005). Subjective feelings of well-being and religious activity in a group of Muslims. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 224–233.
  • Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. Basic books.
  • Harver, P. (2013). An introduction to Buddhism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hazm, İ. (2019). Erdemli insanın yol haritası (C. Aydın, Çev.). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Henderson, L. W., & Knight, T. (2021). Integrating hedonic and eudaimonic well-being for sustainable happiness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(4), 457–47
  • Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018555
  • Irvine, W. B. (2008). A guide to the good life: The ancient art of Stoic joy. Oxford University Press.
  • Irvine, W. B. (2022). Güzel yaşam kılavuzu: Antik Stoacı mutluluk sanatı (D. Demir, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Jean, K., & Lobsang, R. (2013). Buddhism: A blend of religion, spirituality, and psychology. In K. I. Pargament (Ed.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1, pp. 635–652). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-035
  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). A comparison of Western and Islamic conceptions of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1857–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9406-7
  • Joshanloo, M., & Weijers, D. (2019). Islamic perspectives on wellbeing. In L. A. Lambert & M. Pasha-Zaidi (Eds.), Positive psychology in the Middle East/North Africa: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 237–256). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13921-6_12
  • Joshanloo, M. (2021). The eudaimonic and hedonic well-being hierarchy: Implications for mental health. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1439–1458.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
  • Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802303044
  • Kern, M. L., Waters, L., Adler, A., & White, M. (2020). Assessing employee well-being in schools using the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 655–667.
  • Khodayarifard, M., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Akbari-Zardkhaneh, S., & Zandi, S. (2016). Positive psychology from Islamic perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 29-34.
  • Kivikangas, J. M. (2006). Psychophysiology of flow experience: An explorative study [Yüksek lisans tezi, University of Helsinki].
  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012(1), Article 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lenoir, F. (2021). Mutluluk üstüne felsefi bir yolculuk (A. Altınörs, Çev.). Bilge Kültür Sanat.
  • Lomas, T. (2015). Positive cross-cultural psychology: Exploring similarity and difference in constructions and experiences of wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(4), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i4.3
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American Psychologist, 56(3), 239–249.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
  • Robertson, D. (2018a). The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. Routledge.
  • Robertson, D. (2018b). Stoicism and the art of happiness: Practical wisdom for everyday life: Embrace perseverance, strength and happiness with stoic philosophy. Teach Yourself.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Schulenberg, S. E. (Ed.). (2020). Positive psychological approaches to disaster: Meaning, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32007-2
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Seneca, L. A. (2019). Mutlu yaşam üzerine (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Seneca, L. A. (2022). Öfke üzerine (A. D. Hanegelioğlu, Çev.). Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Sherman, N. (2007). Stoic warriors: The ancient philosophy behind the military mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Stock, G. (2022). Guide to stoicism. Sheba Blake Publishing Corp, 2022. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=77444810-d9b3-372b-86ad-50500dcaa7e1. Acesso em: 9 set. 2025.
  • Stock, S. G. (2022). Stoacılık (M. Molacı, Çev.). Fol Kitap.
  • Şahin, F. (2005). Budizm’de nirvana arayışı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi].
  • Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: How to live in a world we don’t understand. Random House.
  • Tashi, K. P. (2004). The role of Buddhism in achieving gross national happiness. In Gross national happiness and development: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Operationalization of Gross National Happiness (pp. 483–495). Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Tunç, B. (2022). Seligman’dan iyi oluşa farklı bir bakış: PERMA modeli. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.99243
  • Türkan, Ç. Ç. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin değer yargıları ile öznel iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişki. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 9(1), 68–78.
  • Uddin, F., & Irshad, E. (2022). Sufism, religiosity, life satisfaction, hope and optimism: A comparative study of the disciples and non-disciples. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research, 2(1), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr.v2i1.11
  • Ümmet, D., Şahin, B., & Karagöz, N. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımları ve iyi oluş: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, 40(1), 11–29.
  • Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Meditation awareness training for the treatment of psychological distress: A review and practical overview. Mindfulness, 11(2), 375–390.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Verma, T., & Magan, A. (2025). Impact of Stoic philosophy prompts on emotional dysregulation and decision-making skills in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(1).
  • Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.690
  • Waters, L., Cameron, K., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Crone, D. L., Kern, M. L., Lomas, T., Oades, L., Owens, R. L., Pawelski, J. O., Rashid, T., Warren, M. A., White, M. A., & Williams, P. (2022). Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: How positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(6), 761–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251
  • Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
  • Yalçın, E., Yalçın, S., & Köroğlu, M. (2024). Liderlik stilleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 865–879. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1396644

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2568 - 2588, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1774701

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Raiya, H., Sasson, T., Pargament, K. I., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2020). Religious coping and health and well-being among Jews and Muslims in Israel. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 30(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1725504
  • Adam, B., Güç, A., Yitik, A. İ., Eroğlu, A. H., Arık, D., Çoban, B. Z., ... Ayar, T. (2015). Dinler tarihi el kitabı. Grafiker Yayınları.
  • Ahmed, S. (2008). What is Sufism. Forum Philosophicum, 13(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.5840/forphil200813214
  • Annas, J. (1993). The morality of happiness. Oxford University Press.
  • Ayapbek, R. (2021). Evli bireylerde partnere saygı ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Women’s and Family Studies, 1(1), 1–12.
  • Balcı Arvas, F. (2017). Psikolojide ve İslam dini düşünce geleneğinde mutluluk kavramı: Karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.333506
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115–128.
  • Bilgin, D. (2017). Understanding the relationship between happiness and creativity in terms of the dimensions of psychological and subjective well-being Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson.
  • Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
  • Caffrey, C. (2024). Stoicism. In Salem Press Encyclopedia. Salem Press. Erişim adresi: https://research.ebsco.com/c/m4d6dg/viewer/html/7tufuknbfb
  • Carr, A. (2016). Pozitif psikoloji (E. Güney, Çev.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Çetinkaya, M., & Billings, J. (2023). Systematic review of the relationship between Islamic-Sufi spirituality and practice and mental well-being. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 26(10), 1065–1080. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2023.2256265
  • Cevizci, A. (2009). Felsefe tarihi: Thales’ten Baudrillard’a. Say Yayınları.
  • Çakmak, E., & Yalçın, İ. (2023). Duygu düzenleme ve öz farkındalık arasındaki ilişkide iyi oluşun aracı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 13(3), 155–172.
  • Çelik, M., & Gül, E. (2023). Pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahalelerin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 210–220.
  • Dambrun, M., & Ricard, M. (2011). Self-centeredness and selflessness: A theory of self-based psychological functioning and its consequences for happiness. Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023059
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  • Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (Eds.). (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. MIT Press.
  • Eger, R. J., & Maridal, J. H. (2015). A statistical meta-analysis of the wellbeing literature. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(2), 45–74. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i2.4
  • Ellis, A. (2010). Overcoming destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors: New directions for rational emotive behavior therapy. Prometheus Books.
  • Epiktetos. (2014). Söylevler (B. Akar, Çev.). Şule Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022a). Enkheiridion (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022b). İçsel huzur iyi yaşamın kapısını açar (C. Erengil, Çev.). Beta Yayınları.
  • Frager, R. (2005). Kalp, nefs, ruh (İ. Kapaklıkaya, Çev.). Sufi Yayınları.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Garcia, D., Jimmefors, A., & Archer, T. (2022). Self-awareness and emotional regulation in well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 897245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897245
  • Garland, E. L., & Farb, N. A. (2021). Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 31–36.
  • Gazâlî, M. (1969). Zübdetü’l-İhya (A. Özek, Çev.). Salah Bilici Kitabevi. (Orijinal eser 11. yüzyıl)
  • Gradinaru, F. D. (2023). Exploring the philosophical underpinnings of cognitive behavioral therapy: Stoicism as a guiding philosophy. New Trends in Psychology, 5(2), 30–37.
  • Güngören, İ. (1981). Buda ve öğretisi. Yol Yayınları.
  • Hadyanfard, H. (2005). Subjective feelings of well-being and religious activity in a group of Muslims. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 224–233.
  • Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. Basic books.
  • Harver, P. (2013). An introduction to Buddhism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hazm, İ. (2019). Erdemli insanın yol haritası (C. Aydın, Çev.). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Henderson, L. W., & Knight, T. (2021). Integrating hedonic and eudaimonic well-being for sustainable happiness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(4), 457–47
  • Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018555
  • Irvine, W. B. (2008). A guide to the good life: The ancient art of Stoic joy. Oxford University Press.
  • Irvine, W. B. (2022). Güzel yaşam kılavuzu: Antik Stoacı mutluluk sanatı (D. Demir, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Jean, K., & Lobsang, R. (2013). Buddhism: A blend of religion, spirituality, and psychology. In K. I. Pargament (Ed.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1, pp. 635–652). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-035
  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). A comparison of Western and Islamic conceptions of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1857–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9406-7
  • Joshanloo, M., & Weijers, D. (2019). Islamic perspectives on wellbeing. In L. A. Lambert & M. Pasha-Zaidi (Eds.), Positive psychology in the Middle East/North Africa: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 237–256). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13921-6_12
  • Joshanloo, M. (2021). The eudaimonic and hedonic well-being hierarchy: Implications for mental health. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1439–1458.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
  • Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802303044
  • Kern, M. L., Waters, L., Adler, A., & White, M. (2020). Assessing employee well-being in schools using the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 655–667.
  • Khodayarifard, M., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Akbari-Zardkhaneh, S., & Zandi, S. (2016). Positive psychology from Islamic perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 29-34.
  • Kivikangas, J. M. (2006). Psychophysiology of flow experience: An explorative study [Yüksek lisans tezi, University of Helsinki].
  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012(1), Article 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lenoir, F. (2021). Mutluluk üstüne felsefi bir yolculuk (A. Altınörs, Çev.). Bilge Kültür Sanat.
  • Lomas, T. (2015). Positive cross-cultural psychology: Exploring similarity and difference in constructions and experiences of wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(4), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i4.3
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American Psychologist, 56(3), 239–249.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
  • Robertson, D. (2018a). The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. Routledge.
  • Robertson, D. (2018b). Stoicism and the art of happiness: Practical wisdom for everyday life: Embrace perseverance, strength and happiness with stoic philosophy. Teach Yourself.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Schulenberg, S. E. (Ed.). (2020). Positive psychological approaches to disaster: Meaning, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32007-2
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Seneca, L. A. (2019). Mutlu yaşam üzerine (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Seneca, L. A. (2022). Öfke üzerine (A. D. Hanegelioğlu, Çev.). Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Sherman, N. (2007). Stoic warriors: The ancient philosophy behind the military mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Stock, G. (2022). Guide to stoicism. Sheba Blake Publishing Corp, 2022. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=77444810-d9b3-372b-86ad-50500dcaa7e1. Acesso em: 9 set. 2025.
  • Stock, S. G. (2022). Stoacılık (M. Molacı, Çev.). Fol Kitap.
  • Şahin, F. (2005). Budizm’de nirvana arayışı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi].
  • Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: How to live in a world we don’t understand. Random House.
  • Tashi, K. P. (2004). The role of Buddhism in achieving gross national happiness. In Gross national happiness and development: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Operationalization of Gross National Happiness (pp. 483–495). Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Tunç, B. (2022). Seligman’dan iyi oluşa farklı bir bakış: PERMA modeli. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.99243
  • Türkan, Ç. Ç. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin değer yargıları ile öznel iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişki. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 9(1), 68–78.
  • Uddin, F., & Irshad, E. (2022). Sufism, religiosity, life satisfaction, hope and optimism: A comparative study of the disciples and non-disciples. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research, 2(1), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr.v2i1.11
  • Ümmet, D., Şahin, B., & Karagöz, N. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımları ve iyi oluş: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, 40(1), 11–29.
  • Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Meditation awareness training for the treatment of psychological distress: A review and practical overview. Mindfulness, 11(2), 375–390.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Verma, T., & Magan, A. (2025). Impact of Stoic philosophy prompts on emotional dysregulation and decision-making skills in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(1).
  • Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.690
  • Waters, L., Cameron, K., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Crone, D. L., Kern, M. L., Lomas, T., Oades, L., Owens, R. L., Pawelski, J. O., Rashid, T., Warren, M. A., White, M. A., & Williams, P. (2022). Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: How positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(6), 761–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251
  • Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
  • Yalçın, E., Yalçın, S., & Köroğlu, M. (2024). Liderlik stilleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 865–879. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1396644

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2568 - 2588, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1774701

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Raiya, H., Sasson, T., Pargament, K. I., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2020). Religious coping and health and well-being among Jews and Muslims in Israel. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 30(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1725504
  • Adam, B., Güç, A., Yitik, A. İ., Eroğlu, A. H., Arık, D., Çoban, B. Z., ... Ayar, T. (2015). Dinler tarihi el kitabı. Grafiker Yayınları.
  • Ahmed, S. (2008). What is Sufism. Forum Philosophicum, 13(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.5840/forphil200813214
  • Annas, J. (1993). The morality of happiness. Oxford University Press.
  • Ayapbek, R. (2021). Evli bireylerde partnere saygı ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Women’s and Family Studies, 1(1), 1–12.
  • Balcı Arvas, F. (2017). Psikolojide ve İslam dini düşünce geleneğinde mutluluk kavramı: Karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.333506
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115–128.
  • Bilgin, D. (2017). Understanding the relationship between happiness and creativity in terms of the dimensions of psychological and subjective well-being Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson.
  • Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
  • Caffrey, C. (2024). Stoicism. In Salem Press Encyclopedia. Salem Press. Erişim adresi: https://research.ebsco.com/c/m4d6dg/viewer/html/7tufuknbfb
  • Carr, A. (2016). Pozitif psikoloji (E. Güney, Çev.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Çetinkaya, M., & Billings, J. (2023). Systematic review of the relationship between Islamic-Sufi spirituality and practice and mental well-being. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 26(10), 1065–1080. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2023.2256265
  • Cevizci, A. (2009). Felsefe tarihi: Thales’ten Baudrillard’a. Say Yayınları.
  • Çakmak, E., & Yalçın, İ. (2023). Duygu düzenleme ve öz farkındalık arasındaki ilişkide iyi oluşun aracı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 13(3), 155–172.
  • Çelik, M., & Gül, E. (2023). Pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahalelerin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 210–220.
  • Dambrun, M., & Ricard, M. (2011). Self-centeredness and selflessness: A theory of self-based psychological functioning and its consequences for happiness. Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023059
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  • Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (Eds.). (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. MIT Press.
  • Eger, R. J., & Maridal, J. H. (2015). A statistical meta-analysis of the wellbeing literature. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(2), 45–74. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i2.4
  • Ellis, A. (2010). Overcoming destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors: New directions for rational emotive behavior therapy. Prometheus Books.
  • Epiktetos. (2014). Söylevler (B. Akar, Çev.). Şule Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022a). Enkheiridion (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022b). İçsel huzur iyi yaşamın kapısını açar (C. Erengil, Çev.). Beta Yayınları.
  • Frager, R. (2005). Kalp, nefs, ruh (İ. Kapaklıkaya, Çev.). Sufi Yayınları.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Garcia, D., Jimmefors, A., & Archer, T. (2022). Self-awareness and emotional regulation in well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 897245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897245
  • Garland, E. L., & Farb, N. A. (2021). Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 31–36.
  • Gazâlî, M. (1969). Zübdetü’l-İhya (A. Özek, Çev.). Salah Bilici Kitabevi. (Orijinal eser 11. yüzyıl)
  • Gradinaru, F. D. (2023). Exploring the philosophical underpinnings of cognitive behavioral therapy: Stoicism as a guiding philosophy. New Trends in Psychology, 5(2), 30–37.
  • Güngören, İ. (1981). Buda ve öğretisi. Yol Yayınları.
  • Hadyanfard, H. (2005). Subjective feelings of well-being and religious activity in a group of Muslims. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 224–233.
  • Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. Basic books.
  • Harver, P. (2013). An introduction to Buddhism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hazm, İ. (2019). Erdemli insanın yol haritası (C. Aydın, Çev.). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Henderson, L. W., & Knight, T. (2021). Integrating hedonic and eudaimonic well-being for sustainable happiness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(4), 457–47
  • Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018555
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  • Stock, S. G. (2022). Stoacılık (M. Molacı, Çev.). Fol Kitap.
  • Şahin, F. (2005). Budizm’de nirvana arayışı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi].
  • Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: How to live in a world we don’t understand. Random House.
  • Tashi, K. P. (2004). The role of Buddhism in achieving gross national happiness. In Gross national happiness and development: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Operationalization of Gross National Happiness (pp. 483–495). Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Tunç, B. (2022). Seligman’dan iyi oluşa farklı bir bakış: PERMA modeli. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.99243
  • Türkan, Ç. Ç. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin değer yargıları ile öznel iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişki. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 9(1), 68–78.
  • Uddin, F., & Irshad, E. (2022). Sufism, religiosity, life satisfaction, hope and optimism: A comparative study of the disciples and non-disciples. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research, 2(1), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr.v2i1.11
  • Ümmet, D., Şahin, B., & Karagöz, N. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımları ve iyi oluş: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, 40(1), 11–29.
  • Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Meditation awareness training for the treatment of psychological distress: A review and practical overview. Mindfulness, 11(2), 375–390.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Verma, T., & Magan, A. (2025). Impact of Stoic philosophy prompts on emotional dysregulation and decision-making skills in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(1).
  • Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.690
  • Waters, L., Cameron, K., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Crone, D. L., Kern, M. L., Lomas, T., Oades, L., Owens, R. L., Pawelski, J. O., Rashid, T., Warren, M. A., White, M. A., & Williams, P. (2022). Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: How positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(6), 761–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251
  • Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
  • Yalçın, E., Yalçın, S., & Köroğlu, M. (2024). Liderlik stilleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 865–879. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1396644

The Meaning of Happiness in Different Philosophical and Spiritual Systems: An Examination from the Perspectives of Stoicism, Buddhism, Positive Psychology and Sufism

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2568 - 2588, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1774701

Öz

This study examines how the concept of “happiness” is defined, interpreted, and integrated into human experience across various philosophical and spiritual traditions. Four major perspectives—Stoic philosophy, Buddhism, positive psychology, and Sufism—are analyzed and compared to provide a comprehensive understanding of their approaches to happiness. Stoic philosophy conceptualizes happiness as an inner state of tranquility achieved through living in accordance with nature, practicing reason, and cultivating virtue. In contrast, Buddhism frames happiness as a deep sense of peace and awareness attained by overcoming desires, attachments, and mental fluctuations. Positive psychology, grounded in contemporary scientific methods, views happiness as a multidimensional state of well-being supported by developing personal strengths, experiencing positive emotions, finding meaning, and building quality social relationships. In Sufism, happiness is understood as a spiritual fulfillment that emerges through the purification of the self, unification with divine love, and the pursuit of existential truth. Despite originating from different cultural and intellectual backgrounds, these four approaches share a common emphasis on the internal and experiential aspects of happiness rather than external conditions. The study highlights that the individual’s search for meaning, value-based orientation, spiritual tendencies, and efforts to maintain inner balance constitute the core components of happiness across these traditions. Furthermore, it discusses the growing need for a holistic understanding of happiness—one that encompasses ethical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions—within the fast-paced, stressful, and complex structure of modern life. Through this multidisciplinary lens, the study aims to offer a broader and more integrative framework for understanding how happiness can be cultivated both individually and socially.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Raiya, H., Sasson, T., Pargament, K. I., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2020). Religious coping and health and well-being among Jews and Muslims in Israel. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 30(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1725504
  • Adam, B., Güç, A., Yitik, A. İ., Eroğlu, A. H., Arık, D., Çoban, B. Z., ... Ayar, T. (2015). Dinler tarihi el kitabı. Grafiker Yayınları.
  • Ahmed, S. (2008). What is Sufism. Forum Philosophicum, 13(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.5840/forphil200813214
  • Annas, J. (1993). The morality of happiness. Oxford University Press.
  • Ayapbek, R. (2021). Evli bireylerde partnere saygı ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Women’s and Family Studies, 1(1), 1–12.
  • Balcı Arvas, F. (2017). Psikolojide ve İslam dini düşünce geleneğinde mutluluk kavramı: Karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.333506
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115–128.
  • Bilgin, D. (2017). Understanding the relationship between happiness and creativity in terms of the dimensions of psychological and subjective well-being Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson.
  • Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
  • Caffrey, C. (2024). Stoicism. In Salem Press Encyclopedia. Salem Press. Erişim adresi: https://research.ebsco.com/c/m4d6dg/viewer/html/7tufuknbfb
  • Carr, A. (2016). Pozitif psikoloji (E. Güney, Çev.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Çetinkaya, M., & Billings, J. (2023). Systematic review of the relationship between Islamic-Sufi spirituality and practice and mental well-being. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 26(10), 1065–1080. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2023.2256265
  • Cevizci, A. (2009). Felsefe tarihi: Thales’ten Baudrillard’a. Say Yayınları.
  • Çakmak, E., & Yalçın, İ. (2023). Duygu düzenleme ve öz farkındalık arasındaki ilişkide iyi oluşun aracı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 13(3), 155–172.
  • Çelik, M., & Gül, E. (2023). Pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahalelerin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 210–220.
  • Dambrun, M., & Ricard, M. (2011). Self-centeredness and selflessness: A theory of self-based psychological functioning and its consequences for happiness. Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023059
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  • Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (Eds.). (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. MIT Press.
  • Eger, R. J., & Maridal, J. H. (2015). A statistical meta-analysis of the wellbeing literature. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(2), 45–74. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i2.4
  • Ellis, A. (2010). Overcoming destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors: New directions for rational emotive behavior therapy. Prometheus Books.
  • Epiktetos. (2014). Söylevler (B. Akar, Çev.). Şule Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022a). Enkheiridion (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Epiktetos. (2022b). İçsel huzur iyi yaşamın kapısını açar (C. Erengil, Çev.). Beta Yayınları.
  • Frager, R. (2005). Kalp, nefs, ruh (İ. Kapaklıkaya, Çev.). Sufi Yayınları.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Garcia, D., Jimmefors, A., & Archer, T. (2022). Self-awareness and emotional regulation in well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 897245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897245
  • Garland, E. L., & Farb, N. A. (2021). Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 31–36.
  • Gazâlî, M. (1969). Zübdetü’l-İhya (A. Özek, Çev.). Salah Bilici Kitabevi. (Orijinal eser 11. yüzyıl)
  • Gradinaru, F. D. (2023). Exploring the philosophical underpinnings of cognitive behavioral therapy: Stoicism as a guiding philosophy. New Trends in Psychology, 5(2), 30–37.
  • Güngören, İ. (1981). Buda ve öğretisi. Yol Yayınları.
  • Hadyanfard, H. (2005). Subjective feelings of well-being and religious activity in a group of Muslims. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 224–233.
  • Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. Basic books.
  • Harver, P. (2013). An introduction to Buddhism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hazm, İ. (2019). Erdemli insanın yol haritası (C. Aydın, Çev.). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Henderson, L. W., & Knight, T. (2021). Integrating hedonic and eudaimonic well-being for sustainable happiness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(4), 457–47
  • Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018555
  • Irvine, W. B. (2008). A guide to the good life: The ancient art of Stoic joy. Oxford University Press.
  • Irvine, W. B. (2022). Güzel yaşam kılavuzu: Antik Stoacı mutluluk sanatı (D. Demir, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Jean, K., & Lobsang, R. (2013). Buddhism: A blend of religion, spirituality, and psychology. In K. I. Pargament (Ed.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1, pp. 635–652). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-035
  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). A comparison of Western and Islamic conceptions of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1857–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9406-7
  • Joshanloo, M., & Weijers, D. (2019). Islamic perspectives on wellbeing. In L. A. Lambert & M. Pasha-Zaidi (Eds.), Positive psychology in the Middle East/North Africa: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 237–256). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13921-6_12
  • Joshanloo, M. (2021). The eudaimonic and hedonic well-being hierarchy: Implications for mental health. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1439–1458.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
  • Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802303044
  • Kern, M. L., Waters, L., Adler, A., & White, M. (2020). Assessing employee well-being in schools using the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 655–667.
  • Khodayarifard, M., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Akbari-Zardkhaneh, S., & Zandi, S. (2016). Positive psychology from Islamic perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 29-34.
  • Kivikangas, J. M. (2006). Psychophysiology of flow experience: An explorative study [Yüksek lisans tezi, University of Helsinki].
  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012(1), Article 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lenoir, F. (2021). Mutluluk üstüne felsefi bir yolculuk (A. Altınörs, Çev.). Bilge Kültür Sanat.
  • Lomas, T. (2015). Positive cross-cultural psychology: Exploring similarity and difference in constructions and experiences of wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(4), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i4.3
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American Psychologist, 56(3), 239–249.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
  • Robertson, D. (2018a). The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. Routledge.
  • Robertson, D. (2018b). Stoicism and the art of happiness: Practical wisdom for everyday life: Embrace perseverance, strength and happiness with stoic philosophy. Teach Yourself.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Schulenberg, S. E. (Ed.). (2020). Positive psychological approaches to disaster: Meaning, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32007-2
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Seneca, L. A. (2019). Mutlu yaşam üzerine (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Seneca, L. A. (2022). Öfke üzerine (A. D. Hanegelioğlu, Çev.). Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Sherman, N. (2007). Stoic warriors: The ancient philosophy behind the military mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Stock, G. (2022). Guide to stoicism. Sheba Blake Publishing Corp, 2022. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=77444810-d9b3-372b-86ad-50500dcaa7e1. Acesso em: 9 set. 2025.
  • Stock, S. G. (2022). Stoacılık (M. Molacı, Çev.). Fol Kitap.
  • Şahin, F. (2005). Budizm’de nirvana arayışı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi].
  • Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: How to live in a world we don’t understand. Random House.
  • Tashi, K. P. (2004). The role of Buddhism in achieving gross national happiness. In Gross national happiness and development: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Operationalization of Gross National Happiness (pp. 483–495). Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Tunç, B. (2022). Seligman’dan iyi oluşa farklı bir bakış: PERMA modeli. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.99243
  • Türkan, Ç. Ç. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin değer yargıları ile öznel iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişki. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 9(1), 68–78.
  • Uddin, F., & Irshad, E. (2022). Sufism, religiosity, life satisfaction, hope and optimism: A comparative study of the disciples and non-disciples. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research, 2(1), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr.v2i1.11
  • Ümmet, D., Şahin, B., & Karagöz, N. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımları ve iyi oluş: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, 40(1), 11–29.
  • Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Meditation awareness training for the treatment of psychological distress: A review and practical overview. Mindfulness, 11(2), 375–390.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Verma, T., & Magan, A. (2025). Impact of Stoic philosophy prompts on emotional dysregulation and decision-making skills in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(1).
  • Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.690
  • Waters, L., Cameron, K., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Crone, D. L., Kern, M. L., Lomas, T., Oades, L., Owens, R. L., Pawelski, J. O., Rashid, T., Warren, M. A., White, M. A., & Williams, P. (2022). Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: How positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(6), 761–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251
  • Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
  • Yalçın, E., Yalçın, S., & Köroğlu, M. (2024). Liderlik stilleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 865–879. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1396644

Farklı Düşünce Sistemlerinde Mutluluğun Anlamı: Stoacılık, Budizm, Pozitif Psikoloji ve Tasavvuf Perspektifiyle Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5, 2568 - 2588, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1774701

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı felsefi ve manevi geleneklerde “mutluluk” kavramının nasıl tanımlandığını, anlamlandırıldığını ve bireysel yaşamla ilişkilendirildiğini incelemektedir. Stoa felsefesi, Budizm, pozitif psikoloji ve tasavvuf öğretileri dört temel yaklaşım olarak ele alınmış ve mutluluk anlayışları karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle değerlendirilmiştir. Stoa felsefesi, mutluluğu doğaya uygun yaşama, aklın rehberliğine ve erdemli davranışlara bağlı bir içsel dinginlik hâli olarak tanımlamaktadır. Buna karşılık Budizm, mutluluğu arzuların, bağımlılıkların ve zihinsel çalkantıların aşılmasıyla ulaşılan derin bir huzur ve farkındalık durumu şeklinde yorumlar. Pozitif psikoloji ise modern bilimsel yöntemler ışığında mutluluğu bireyin güçlü yönlerini geliştirmesi, olumlu duygular deneyimlemesi, yaşamda anlam bulması ve nitelikli sosyal ilişkiler kurmasıyla desteklenen çok boyutlu bir iyi oluş hâli olarak ele almaktadır. Tasavvufta ise mutluluk, kişinin nefsini arındırması, ilahi aşkla bütünleşmesi ve varoluşun hakikatine yönelmesiyle ortaya çıkan manevi bir tamamlanma süreci olarak görülmektedir. Bu dört yaklaşım farklı kültürel ve düşünsel köklere sahip olsa da mutluluğun temelde bireyin içsel dünyasında şekillendiğini vurgulamaları bakımından önemli benzerlikler göstermektedir. Çalışma, bireyin anlam arayışı, değerler sistemi, manevi yönelimleri ve içsel denge kurma çabasının mutluluğun ortak bileşenleri arasında yer aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca modern yaşamın hızlı, stresli ve değişken koşulları içinde etik, psikolojik ve manevi boyutları kapsayan bütüncül bir mutluluk anlayışına duyulan ihtiyacı da tartışmaktadır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla mutluluğun nasıl inşa edilebileceğine dair daha kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

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  • Hazm, İ. (2019). Erdemli insanın yol haritası (C. Aydın, Çev.). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Henderson, L. W., & Knight, T. (2021). Integrating hedonic and eudaimonic well-being for sustainable happiness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(4), 457–47
  • Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018555
  • Irvine, W. B. (2008). A guide to the good life: The ancient art of Stoic joy. Oxford University Press.
  • Irvine, W. B. (2022). Güzel yaşam kılavuzu: Antik Stoacı mutluluk sanatı (D. Demir, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Jean, K., & Lobsang, R. (2013). Buddhism: A blend of religion, spirituality, and psychology. In K. I. Pargament (Ed.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1, pp. 635–652). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-035
  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). A comparison of Western and Islamic conceptions of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1857–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9406-7
  • Joshanloo, M., & Weijers, D. (2019). Islamic perspectives on wellbeing. In L. A. Lambert & M. Pasha-Zaidi (Eds.), Positive psychology in the Middle East/North Africa: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 237–256). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13921-6_12
  • Joshanloo, M. (2021). The eudaimonic and hedonic well-being hierarchy: Implications for mental health. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1439–1458.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
  • Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802303044
  • Kern, M. L., Waters, L., Adler, A., & White, M. (2020). Assessing employee well-being in schools using the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 655–667.
  • Khodayarifard, M., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Akbari-Zardkhaneh, S., & Zandi, S. (2016). Positive psychology from Islamic perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 29-34.
  • Kivikangas, J. M. (2006). Psychophysiology of flow experience: An explorative study [Yüksek lisans tezi, University of Helsinki].
  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012(1), Article 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lenoir, F. (2021). Mutluluk üstüne felsefi bir yolculuk (A. Altınörs, Çev.). Bilge Kültür Sanat.
  • Lomas, T. (2015). Positive cross-cultural psychology: Exploring similarity and difference in constructions and experiences of wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(4), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i4.3
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American Psychologist, 56(3), 239–249.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
  • Robertson, D. (2018a). The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. Routledge.
  • Robertson, D. (2018b). Stoicism and the art of happiness: Practical wisdom for everyday life: Embrace perseverance, strength and happiness with stoic philosophy. Teach Yourself.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Schulenberg, S. E. (Ed.). (2020). Positive psychological approaches to disaster: Meaning, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32007-2
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Seneca, L. A. (2019). Mutlu yaşam üzerine (C. C. Çevik, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Seneca, L. A. (2022). Öfke üzerine (A. D. Hanegelioğlu, Çev.). Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Sherman, N. (2007). Stoic warriors: The ancient philosophy behind the military mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Stock, G. (2022). Guide to stoicism. Sheba Blake Publishing Corp, 2022. Disponível em: https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=77444810-d9b3-372b-86ad-50500dcaa7e1. Acesso em: 9 set. 2025.
  • Stock, S. G. (2022). Stoacılık (M. Molacı, Çev.). Fol Kitap.
  • Şahin, F. (2005). Budizm’de nirvana arayışı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi].
  • Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: How to live in a world we don’t understand. Random House.
  • Tashi, K. P. (2004). The role of Buddhism in achieving gross national happiness. In Gross national happiness and development: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Operationalization of Gross National Happiness (pp. 483–495). Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Tunç, B. (2022). Seligman’dan iyi oluşa farklı bir bakış: PERMA modeli. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.99243
  • Türkan, Ç. Ç. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin değer yargıları ile öznel iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişki. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 9(1), 68–78.
  • Uddin, F., & Irshad, E. (2022). Sufism, religiosity, life satisfaction, hope and optimism: A comparative study of the disciples and non-disciples. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioural Research, 2(1), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.37605/ijpbr.v2i1.11
  • Ümmet, D., Şahin, B., & Karagöz, N. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımları ve iyi oluş: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, 40(1), 11–29.
  • Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Meditation awareness training for the treatment of psychological distress: A review and practical overview. Mindfulness, 11(2), 375–390.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Verma, T., & Magan, A. (2025). Impact of Stoic philosophy prompts on emotional dysregulation and decision-making skills in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(1).
  • Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.690
  • Waters, L., Cameron, K., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Crone, D. L., Kern, M. L., Lomas, T., Oades, L., Owens, R. L., Pawelski, J. O., Rashid, T., Warren, M. A., White, M. A., & Williams, P. (2022). Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: How positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(6), 761–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251
  • Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
  • Yalçın, E., Yalçın, S., & Köroğlu, M. (2024). Liderlik stilleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 865–879. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1396644
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Kişilik Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Eray 0000-0001-5000-0859

Yunus Savaşlı 0000-0002-2287-4812

Serkan Oruç 0009-0007-2747-6083

Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 4 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Eray, F., Savaşlı, Y., & Oruç, S. (2025). Farklı Düşünce Sistemlerinde Mutluluğun Anlamı: Stoacılık, Budizm, Pozitif Psikoloji ve Tasavvuf Perspektifiyle Bir İnceleme. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(5), 2568-2588. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1774701
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır. 

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