Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2026, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 , 823 - 839 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
https://izlik.org/JA52FH87AU

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Economic growth. New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Button, K., & Yuan, J. (2013). Airfreight transport and economic development: An examination of causality. Urban Studies, 50(2), 329–340.
  • Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2010). Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 19(1), 13–87.
  • Calotă, I., Perju-Mitran, A., Pancă, C. C., & Semenescu, A. (2025). Applying the TAM Model in Assessing Pro-electrification Behavior in Road Transport. A SEM Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 1957-1968.
  • Chow, G. C. (1960). Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions. Econometrica, 28(3), 591–605.
  • Coşar, A. K., & Demir, B. (2016). Domestic road infrastructure and international trade: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Development Economics, 118, 232-244.
  • Deng, T. (2013). Impacts of transport infrastructure on productivity and economic growth: Recent advances and research challenges. Transport Reviews, 33(6), 686-699.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072.
  • Dünya Bankası (World Bank), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators/Type/TABLE/preview/on# , Erişim Tarihi 05. 09. 2024.
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
  • Eren, A. S., Eryer, A., & Orhan, M. A. (2024). Karayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: 1990-2022 Yılları Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(4), 1303-1323.
  • Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443–477.
  • Gibbons, S., Lyytikäinen, T., Overman, H. G., & Sanchis-Guarner, R. (2019). New road infrastructure: The effects on firms. Journal of Urban Economics, 110, 35-50.
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111–120
  • Gutman, S., & Malashenko, M. (2025). The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Sustainable Economic Development of Russian Regions. Sustainability, 17(9), 3776.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1983). Oil and the macroeconomy since World War II. Journal of Political Economy, 91(2), 228–248.
  • Hu, X., Chen, J., & Lin, S. (2023). Influence from highways’ development on green technological innovation: The case of Yangtze River economic belt in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(10), 11095-11120.
  • Hu, X., Lin, S., & Lin, R. (2025). Influence from highways on regional economic growth–based on the trade potential in China. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31(1), 184-210.
  • Ismihan, M., & Metin-Özcan, K. (2006). The role of productivity and investment in Turkish macroeconomic growth: An endogenous growth perspective. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(1), 5-21.
  • Iamandii, A. F., Titu, A. M., & Stan, N. M. (2025). Cost Analysis in the Field of Road Freight Transport: A Specific Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 2243-2255.
  • Ignatov, A. (2024). European highways and the geographic diffusion of economic activities from agglomerations to less urbanised areas. Empirica, 51(2), 351-377.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254.
  • Kamacı, A., & Göktaş, S. (2020). Petrol Fiyatları ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 547-556. doi:10.47129/bartiniibf.79789.
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Yayinlar/YayinPdf/KarayoluUlasimIstatistikleri2023.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15. 09. 2024.
  • Keskin, H. (2016). Lojistik el kitabı. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Macit, D. (2020). Karayolu yük taşımacılığının ekonomik büyüme ve ticaret hacmi üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ampirik bir analiz. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 843-860.
  • Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2023). Türkiye’deki Ulaştırma ve Depolama Faaliyetlerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Analiz. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(04), 452-467.
  • Miamo, F. T., & Achuo, E. D. (2022). Oil price shocks and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a panel VAR approach. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 1–1
  • Mosa, A. A., Grethe, H., & Siddig, K. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of improving road transport infrastructure in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium model analysis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 12(3), 105-119.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979–1990
  • Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(4), 63–91.
  • Öksüzler, O., & İpek, E. (2011). Petrol fiyatlarının makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için bir VAR analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13(2), 65–84.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Pradhan, R. P., & Bagchi, T. P. (2013). Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach. Research in Transportation Economics, 38(1), 139-148.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray.
  • Rosik, P., & Wójcik, J. (2023). Transport infrastructure and regional development: A survey of literature on wider economic and spatial impacts. Sustainability, 15 (1), 548.
  • Satici, E. (2024). Türkiye Karayolu Yük Taşımacılığının Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Uzun ve Kısa Dönemli Etkileri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 61(669), 111-123.
  • Shi, J., Bai, T., Zhao, Z., & Tan, H. (2024). Driving economic growth through transportation infrastructure: An in-depth spatial econometric analysis. Sustainability, 16(10), 4283.
  • Shrestha, M. B., & Chowdhury, K. (2007). Testing financial liberalization hypothesis with ARDL modeling approach. Applied Financial Economics, 17(18), 1529–1540.
  • Tamba, M., Krause, J., Weitzel, M., Ioan, R., Duboz, L., Grosso, M., & Vandyck, T. (2022). Economy-wide impacts of road transport electrification in the EU. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121803.
  • Taşkın, E., & Akıncı, Ö. S. (2024). Orta Koridorun Tedarik Zinciri Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Rolü. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 26(47), 1128-1144.
  • Trimech, A., Bouzir, A., & Benammou, S. (2025, May). Road Transport and Environmental Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis. In 2025 16th International Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LOGISTIQUA),1-8. IEEE.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-vehaberlesme-112&dil=1,Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024.
  • Ustaoglu, E. (2024). Estimation of economic costs of air pollution from road vehicle transportation in Turkey. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 1-1.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 , 823 - 839 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
https://izlik.org/JA52FH87AU

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Economic growth. New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Button, K., & Yuan, J. (2013). Airfreight transport and economic development: An examination of causality. Urban Studies, 50(2), 329–340.
  • Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2010). Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 19(1), 13–87.
  • Calotă, I., Perju-Mitran, A., Pancă, C. C., & Semenescu, A. (2025). Applying the TAM Model in Assessing Pro-electrification Behavior in Road Transport. A SEM Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 1957-1968.
  • Chow, G. C. (1960). Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions. Econometrica, 28(3), 591–605.
  • Coşar, A. K., & Demir, B. (2016). Domestic road infrastructure and international trade: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Development Economics, 118, 232-244.
  • Deng, T. (2013). Impacts of transport infrastructure on productivity and economic growth: Recent advances and research challenges. Transport Reviews, 33(6), 686-699.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072.
  • Dünya Bankası (World Bank), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators/Type/TABLE/preview/on# , Erişim Tarihi 05. 09. 2024.
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
  • Eren, A. S., Eryer, A., & Orhan, M. A. (2024). Karayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: 1990-2022 Yılları Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(4), 1303-1323.
  • Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443–477.
  • Gibbons, S., Lyytikäinen, T., Overman, H. G., & Sanchis-Guarner, R. (2019). New road infrastructure: The effects on firms. Journal of Urban Economics, 110, 35-50.
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111–120
  • Gutman, S., & Malashenko, M. (2025). The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Sustainable Economic Development of Russian Regions. Sustainability, 17(9), 3776.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1983). Oil and the macroeconomy since World War II. Journal of Political Economy, 91(2), 228–248.
  • Hu, X., Chen, J., & Lin, S. (2023). Influence from highways’ development on green technological innovation: The case of Yangtze River economic belt in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(10), 11095-11120.
  • Hu, X., Lin, S., & Lin, R. (2025). Influence from highways on regional economic growth–based on the trade potential in China. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31(1), 184-210.
  • Ismihan, M., & Metin-Özcan, K. (2006). The role of productivity and investment in Turkish macroeconomic growth: An endogenous growth perspective. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(1), 5-21.
  • Iamandii, A. F., Titu, A. M., & Stan, N. M. (2025). Cost Analysis in the Field of Road Freight Transport: A Specific Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 2243-2255.
  • Ignatov, A. (2024). European highways and the geographic diffusion of economic activities from agglomerations to less urbanised areas. Empirica, 51(2), 351-377.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254.
  • Kamacı, A., & Göktaş, S. (2020). Petrol Fiyatları ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 547-556. doi:10.47129/bartiniibf.79789.
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Yayinlar/YayinPdf/KarayoluUlasimIstatistikleri2023.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15. 09. 2024.
  • Keskin, H. (2016). Lojistik el kitabı. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Macit, D. (2020). Karayolu yük taşımacılığının ekonomik büyüme ve ticaret hacmi üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ampirik bir analiz. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 843-860.
  • Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2023). Türkiye’deki Ulaştırma ve Depolama Faaliyetlerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Analiz. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(04), 452-467.
  • Miamo, F. T., & Achuo, E. D. (2022). Oil price shocks and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a panel VAR approach. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 1–1
  • Mosa, A. A., Grethe, H., & Siddig, K. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of improving road transport infrastructure in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium model analysis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 12(3), 105-119.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979–1990
  • Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(4), 63–91.
  • Öksüzler, O., & İpek, E. (2011). Petrol fiyatlarının makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için bir VAR analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13(2), 65–84.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Pradhan, R. P., & Bagchi, T. P. (2013). Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach. Research in Transportation Economics, 38(1), 139-148.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray.
  • Rosik, P., & Wójcik, J. (2023). Transport infrastructure and regional development: A survey of literature on wider economic and spatial impacts. Sustainability, 15 (1), 548.
  • Satici, E. (2024). Türkiye Karayolu Yük Taşımacılığının Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Uzun ve Kısa Dönemli Etkileri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 61(669), 111-123.
  • Shi, J., Bai, T., Zhao, Z., & Tan, H. (2024). Driving economic growth through transportation infrastructure: An in-depth spatial econometric analysis. Sustainability, 16(10), 4283.
  • Shrestha, M. B., & Chowdhury, K. (2007). Testing financial liberalization hypothesis with ARDL modeling approach. Applied Financial Economics, 17(18), 1529–1540.
  • Tamba, M., Krause, J., Weitzel, M., Ioan, R., Duboz, L., Grosso, M., & Vandyck, T. (2022). Economy-wide impacts of road transport electrification in the EU. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121803.
  • Taşkın, E., & Akıncı, Ö. S. (2024). Orta Koridorun Tedarik Zinciri Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Rolü. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 26(47), 1128-1144.
  • Trimech, A., Bouzir, A., & Benammou, S. (2025, May). Road Transport and Environmental Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis. In 2025 16th International Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LOGISTIQUA),1-8. IEEE.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-vehaberlesme-112&dil=1,Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024.
  • Ustaoglu, E. (2024). Estimation of economic costs of air pollution from road vehicle transportation in Turkey. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 1-1.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 , 823 - 839 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
https://izlik.org/JA52FH87AU

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Economic growth. New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Button, K., & Yuan, J. (2013). Airfreight transport and economic development: An examination of causality. Urban Studies, 50(2), 329–340.
  • Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2010). Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 19(1), 13–87.
  • Calotă, I., Perju-Mitran, A., Pancă, C. C., & Semenescu, A. (2025). Applying the TAM Model in Assessing Pro-electrification Behavior in Road Transport. A SEM Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 1957-1968.
  • Chow, G. C. (1960). Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions. Econometrica, 28(3), 591–605.
  • Coşar, A. K., & Demir, B. (2016). Domestic road infrastructure and international trade: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Development Economics, 118, 232-244.
  • Deng, T. (2013). Impacts of transport infrastructure on productivity and economic growth: Recent advances and research challenges. Transport Reviews, 33(6), 686-699.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072.
  • Dünya Bankası (World Bank), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators/Type/TABLE/preview/on# , Erişim Tarihi 05. 09. 2024.
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
  • Eren, A. S., Eryer, A., & Orhan, M. A. (2024). Karayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: 1990-2022 Yılları Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(4), 1303-1323.
  • Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443–477.
  • Gibbons, S., Lyytikäinen, T., Overman, H. G., & Sanchis-Guarner, R. (2019). New road infrastructure: The effects on firms. Journal of Urban Economics, 110, 35-50.
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111–120
  • Gutman, S., & Malashenko, M. (2025). The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Sustainable Economic Development of Russian Regions. Sustainability, 17(9), 3776.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1983). Oil and the macroeconomy since World War II. Journal of Political Economy, 91(2), 228–248.
  • Hu, X., Chen, J., & Lin, S. (2023). Influence from highways’ development on green technological innovation: The case of Yangtze River economic belt in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(10), 11095-11120.
  • Hu, X., Lin, S., & Lin, R. (2025). Influence from highways on regional economic growth–based on the trade potential in China. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31(1), 184-210.
  • Ismihan, M., & Metin-Özcan, K. (2006). The role of productivity and investment in Turkish macroeconomic growth: An endogenous growth perspective. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(1), 5-21.
  • Iamandii, A. F., Titu, A. M., & Stan, N. M. (2025). Cost Analysis in the Field of Road Freight Transport: A Specific Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 2243-2255.
  • Ignatov, A. (2024). European highways and the geographic diffusion of economic activities from agglomerations to less urbanised areas. Empirica, 51(2), 351-377.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254.
  • Kamacı, A., & Göktaş, S. (2020). Petrol Fiyatları ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 547-556. doi:10.47129/bartiniibf.79789.
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Yayinlar/YayinPdf/KarayoluUlasimIstatistikleri2023.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15. 09. 2024.
  • Keskin, H. (2016). Lojistik el kitabı. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Macit, D. (2020). Karayolu yük taşımacılığının ekonomik büyüme ve ticaret hacmi üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ampirik bir analiz. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 843-860.
  • Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2023). Türkiye’deki Ulaştırma ve Depolama Faaliyetlerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Analiz. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(04), 452-467.
  • Miamo, F. T., & Achuo, E. D. (2022). Oil price shocks and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a panel VAR approach. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 1–1
  • Mosa, A. A., Grethe, H., & Siddig, K. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of improving road transport infrastructure in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium model analysis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 12(3), 105-119.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979–1990
  • Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(4), 63–91.
  • Öksüzler, O., & İpek, E. (2011). Petrol fiyatlarının makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için bir VAR analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13(2), 65–84.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Pradhan, R. P., & Bagchi, T. P. (2013). Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach. Research in Transportation Economics, 38(1), 139-148.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray.
  • Rosik, P., & Wójcik, J. (2023). Transport infrastructure and regional development: A survey of literature on wider economic and spatial impacts. Sustainability, 15 (1), 548.
  • Satici, E. (2024). Türkiye Karayolu Yük Taşımacılığının Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Uzun ve Kısa Dönemli Etkileri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 61(669), 111-123.
  • Shi, J., Bai, T., Zhao, Z., & Tan, H. (2024). Driving economic growth through transportation infrastructure: An in-depth spatial econometric analysis. Sustainability, 16(10), 4283.
  • Shrestha, M. B., & Chowdhury, K. (2007). Testing financial liberalization hypothesis with ARDL modeling approach. Applied Financial Economics, 17(18), 1529–1540.
  • Tamba, M., Krause, J., Weitzel, M., Ioan, R., Duboz, L., Grosso, M., & Vandyck, T. (2022). Economy-wide impacts of road transport electrification in the EU. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121803.
  • Taşkın, E., & Akıncı, Ö. S. (2024). Orta Koridorun Tedarik Zinciri Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Rolü. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 26(47), 1128-1144.
  • Trimech, A., Bouzir, A., & Benammou, S. (2025, May). Road Transport and Environmental Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis. In 2025 16th International Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LOGISTIQUA),1-8. IEEE.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-vehaberlesme-112&dil=1,Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024.
  • Ustaoglu, E. (2024). Estimation of economic costs of air pollution from road vehicle transportation in Turkey. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 1-1.

The Impact of Road Transport Factors on Economic Growth in Turkey: An ARDL Approach

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 , 823 - 839 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
https://izlik.org/JA52FH87AU

Öz

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the transportation-economy relationship in Türkiye by analyzing the impact of key factors related to road freight transportation on economic growth. While the effects of transportation activities on economic growth have been examined in the literature, empirical research focusing specifically on the transportation-economy relationship in Türkiye is limited. To address this limitation, an evaluation is conducted specifically on road transportation. Using annual time series data covering the period 1994-2024, the long-term and short-term effects of road transportation on the Turkish economy are examined. Due to the varying degrees of integration of the series, the cointegration relationship was analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The findings indicate that while economic growth in Türkiye is largely influenced by its own dynamics, oil prices have a positive and significant short-term effect, although this effect reverses over time. Furthermore, road infrastructure and transportation capacities have a limited long-term impact on economic growth. In Türkiye, the direct impact of road transport infrastructure and energy prices on economic growth in the long term is weak; growth is more influenced by short-term demand and cost dynamics. Furthermore, 8% of short-term deviations return to long-term equilibrium within a year. According to these results, despite its significant share in the transportation sector, the impact of road transport on economic growth in Türkiye is not at the expected level.

Kaynakça

  • Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Economic growth. New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Button, K., & Yuan, J. (2013). Airfreight transport and economic development: An examination of causality. Urban Studies, 50(2), 329–340.
  • Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2010). Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 19(1), 13–87.
  • Calotă, I., Perju-Mitran, A., Pancă, C. C., & Semenescu, A. (2025). Applying the TAM Model in Assessing Pro-electrification Behavior in Road Transport. A SEM Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 1957-1968.
  • Chow, G. C. (1960). Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions. Econometrica, 28(3), 591–605.
  • Coşar, A. K., & Demir, B. (2016). Domestic road infrastructure and international trade: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Development Economics, 118, 232-244.
  • Deng, T. (2013). Impacts of transport infrastructure on productivity and economic growth: Recent advances and research challenges. Transport Reviews, 33(6), 686-699.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072.
  • Dünya Bankası (World Bank), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators/Type/TABLE/preview/on# , Erişim Tarihi 05. 09. 2024.
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
  • Eren, A. S., Eryer, A., & Orhan, M. A. (2024). Karayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: 1990-2022 Yılları Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(4), 1303-1323.
  • Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443–477.
  • Gibbons, S., Lyytikäinen, T., Overman, H. G., & Sanchis-Guarner, R. (2019). New road infrastructure: The effects on firms. Journal of Urban Economics, 110, 35-50.
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111–120
  • Gutman, S., & Malashenko, M. (2025). The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Sustainable Economic Development of Russian Regions. Sustainability, 17(9), 3776.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1983). Oil and the macroeconomy since World War II. Journal of Political Economy, 91(2), 228–248.
  • Hu, X., Chen, J., & Lin, S. (2023). Influence from highways’ development on green technological innovation: The case of Yangtze River economic belt in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(10), 11095-11120.
  • Hu, X., Lin, S., & Lin, R. (2025). Influence from highways on regional economic growth–based on the trade potential in China. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31(1), 184-210.
  • Ismihan, M., & Metin-Özcan, K. (2006). The role of productivity and investment in Turkish macroeconomic growth: An endogenous growth perspective. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(1), 5-21.
  • Iamandii, A. F., Titu, A. M., & Stan, N. M. (2025). Cost Analysis in the Field of Road Freight Transport: A Specific Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 2243-2255.
  • Ignatov, A. (2024). European highways and the geographic diffusion of economic activities from agglomerations to less urbanised areas. Empirica, 51(2), 351-377.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254.
  • Kamacı, A., & Göktaş, S. (2020). Petrol Fiyatları ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 547-556. doi:10.47129/bartiniibf.79789.
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Yayinlar/YayinPdf/KarayoluUlasimIstatistikleri2023.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15. 09. 2024.
  • Keskin, H. (2016). Lojistik el kitabı. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Macit, D. (2020). Karayolu yük taşımacılığının ekonomik büyüme ve ticaret hacmi üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ampirik bir analiz. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 843-860.
  • Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2023). Türkiye’deki Ulaştırma ve Depolama Faaliyetlerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Analiz. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(04), 452-467.
  • Miamo, F. T., & Achuo, E. D. (2022). Oil price shocks and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a panel VAR approach. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 1–1
  • Mosa, A. A., Grethe, H., & Siddig, K. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of improving road transport infrastructure in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium model analysis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 12(3), 105-119.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979–1990
  • Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(4), 63–91.
  • Öksüzler, O., & İpek, E. (2011). Petrol fiyatlarının makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için bir VAR analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13(2), 65–84.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Pradhan, R. P., & Bagchi, T. P. (2013). Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach. Research in Transportation Economics, 38(1), 139-148.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray.
  • Rosik, P., & Wójcik, J. (2023). Transport infrastructure and regional development: A survey of literature on wider economic and spatial impacts. Sustainability, 15 (1), 548.
  • Satici, E. (2024). Türkiye Karayolu Yük Taşımacılığının Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Uzun ve Kısa Dönemli Etkileri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 61(669), 111-123.
  • Shi, J., Bai, T., Zhao, Z., & Tan, H. (2024). Driving economic growth through transportation infrastructure: An in-depth spatial econometric analysis. Sustainability, 16(10), 4283.
  • Shrestha, M. B., & Chowdhury, K. (2007). Testing financial liberalization hypothesis with ARDL modeling approach. Applied Financial Economics, 17(18), 1529–1540.
  • Tamba, M., Krause, J., Weitzel, M., Ioan, R., Duboz, L., Grosso, M., & Vandyck, T. (2022). Economy-wide impacts of road transport electrification in the EU. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121803.
  • Taşkın, E., & Akıncı, Ö. S. (2024). Orta Koridorun Tedarik Zinciri Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Rolü. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 26(47), 1128-1144.
  • Trimech, A., Bouzir, A., & Benammou, S. (2025, May). Road Transport and Environmental Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis. In 2025 16th International Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LOGISTIQUA),1-8. IEEE.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-vehaberlesme-112&dil=1,Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024.
  • Ustaoglu, E. (2024). Estimation of economic costs of air pollution from road vehicle transportation in Turkey. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 1-1.

Türkiye’de Karayolu Taşımacılığı Faktörlerinin Ekonomik Büyüyemeye Etkisi: ARDL Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 , 823 - 839 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
https://izlik.org/JA52FH87AU

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de ulaştırma-ekonomi ilişkisine katkı sağlamayı amaçlayarak, karayolu yük taşımacılığı ile ilişkili temel faktörlerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatürde, ekonomik büyüme üzerinde taşımacılık faaliyetlerinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Fakat Türkiye özelinde ulaştırma-ekonomi ilişkisine odaklanan ampirik araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu sınırlılığın giderilmesine katkı sağlamak için karayolu taşımacılığı özelinde değerlendirme yapılmıştır. 1994-2024 dönemini kapsayan yıllık zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak Türkiye ekonomisinde karayolu taşımacılığının uzun ve kısa dönem etkileri incelenmiştir. Serilerin farklı bütünleşme derecelerine sahip olmaları nedeniyle eşbütünleşme ilişkisi, Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikmeli (ARDL) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ile, Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme büyük ölçüde kendi dinamiklerinden etkilenirken diğer taraftan petrol fiyatlarının kısa dönemde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve bu etkinin zamanla yön değiştirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte karayolu alt yapı ve taşıma kapasiteleri ekonomik büyüme üzerinde uzun dönemde sınırlı etkiye sahiptir. Türkiye’de karayolu taşımacılığı altyapısının ve enerji fiyatlarının uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinin zayıf olduğu, büyümenin daha çok kısa dönemli talep ve maliyet dinamiklerinden etkilenmektedir. Ayrıca kısa dönemde meydana gelen sapmaların %8’lik kısmının bir yıl içinde uzun dönem dengesine dönmektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre Türkiye ulaştırma sektöründeki büyük payına rağmen karayolu taşımacılığının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi beklenen düzeyde değildir.

Kaynakça

  • Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Economic growth. New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Button, K., & Yuan, J. (2013). Airfreight transport and economic development: An examination of causality. Urban Studies, 50(2), 329–340.
  • Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2010). Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 19(1), 13–87.
  • Calotă, I., Perju-Mitran, A., Pancă, C. C., & Semenescu, A. (2025). Applying the TAM Model in Assessing Pro-electrification Behavior in Road Transport. A SEM Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 1957-1968.
  • Chow, G. C. (1960). Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions. Econometrica, 28(3), 591–605.
  • Coşar, A. K., & Demir, B. (2016). Domestic road infrastructure and international trade: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Development Economics, 118, 232-244.
  • Deng, T. (2013). Impacts of transport infrastructure on productivity and economic growth: Recent advances and research challenges. Transport Reviews, 33(6), 686-699.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072.
  • Dünya Bankası (World Bank), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators/Type/TABLE/preview/on# , Erişim Tarihi 05. 09. 2024.
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
  • Eren, A. S., Eryer, A., & Orhan, M. A. (2024). Karayolu Taşımacılığı ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: 1990-2022 Yılları Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(4), 1303-1323.
  • Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443–477.
  • Gibbons, S., Lyytikäinen, T., Overman, H. G., & Sanchis-Guarner, R. (2019). New road infrastructure: The effects on firms. Journal of Urban Economics, 110, 35-50.
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111–120
  • Gutman, S., & Malashenko, M. (2025). The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Sustainable Economic Development of Russian Regions. Sustainability, 17(9), 3776.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1983). Oil and the macroeconomy since World War II. Journal of Political Economy, 91(2), 228–248.
  • Hu, X., Chen, J., & Lin, S. (2023). Influence from highways’ development on green technological innovation: The case of Yangtze River economic belt in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(10), 11095-11120.
  • Hu, X., Lin, S., & Lin, R. (2025). Influence from highways on regional economic growth–based on the trade potential in China. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31(1), 184-210.
  • Ismihan, M., & Metin-Özcan, K. (2006). The role of productivity and investment in Turkish macroeconomic growth: An endogenous growth perspective. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(1), 5-21.
  • Iamandii, A. F., Titu, A. M., & Stan, N. M. (2025). Cost Analysis in the Field of Road Freight Transport: A Specific Approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 19(1), 2243-2255.
  • Ignatov, A. (2024). European highways and the geographic diffusion of economic activities from agglomerations to less urbanised areas. Empirica, 51(2), 351-377.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254.
  • Kamacı, A., & Göktaş, S. (2020). Petrol Fiyatları ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 547-556. doi:10.47129/bartiniibf.79789.
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) (2025). Erişim Adresi https://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Yayinlar/YayinPdf/KarayoluUlasimIstatistikleri2023.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15. 09. 2024.
  • Keskin, H. (2016). Lojistik el kitabı. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Macit, D. (2020). Karayolu yük taşımacılığının ekonomik büyüme ve ticaret hacmi üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ampirik bir analiz. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 843-860.
  • Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2023). Türkiye’deki Ulaştırma ve Depolama Faaliyetlerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Analiz. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(04), 452-467.
  • Miamo, F. T., & Achuo, E. D. (2022). Oil price shocks and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a panel VAR approach. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 1–1
  • Mosa, A. A., Grethe, H., & Siddig, K. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of improving road transport infrastructure in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium model analysis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 12(3), 105-119.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979–1990
  • Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(4), 63–91.
  • Öksüzler, O., & İpek, E. (2011). Petrol fiyatlarının makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi için bir VAR analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13(2), 65–84.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Pradhan, R. P., & Bagchi, T. P. (2013). Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach. Research in Transportation Economics, 38(1), 139-148.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray.
  • Rosik, P., & Wójcik, J. (2023). Transport infrastructure and regional development: A survey of literature on wider economic and spatial impacts. Sustainability, 15 (1), 548.
  • Satici, E. (2024). Türkiye Karayolu Yük Taşımacılığının Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Uzun ve Kısa Dönemli Etkileri. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 61(669), 111-123.
  • Shi, J., Bai, T., Zhao, Z., & Tan, H. (2024). Driving economic growth through transportation infrastructure: An in-depth spatial econometric analysis. Sustainability, 16(10), 4283.
  • Shrestha, M. B., & Chowdhury, K. (2007). Testing financial liberalization hypothesis with ARDL modeling approach. Applied Financial Economics, 17(18), 1529–1540.
  • Tamba, M., Krause, J., Weitzel, M., Ioan, R., Duboz, L., Grosso, M., & Vandyck, T. (2022). Economy-wide impacts of road transport electrification in the EU. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121803.
  • Taşkın, E., & Akıncı, Ö. S. (2024). Orta Koridorun Tedarik Zinciri Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Rolü. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 26(47), 1128-1144.
  • Trimech, A., Bouzir, A., & Benammou, S. (2025, May). Road Transport and Environmental Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis. In 2025 16th International Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LOGISTIQUA),1-8. IEEE.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), (2025). Erişim Adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-vehaberlesme-112&dil=1,Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024.
  • Ustaoglu, E. (2024). Estimation of economic costs of air pollution from road vehicle transportation in Turkey. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 1-1.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Zaman Serileri Analizi, Türkiye'nin Bölgesel Politikası ve Planlaması
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özlem Karadağ Albayrak 0000-0003-0832-0490

Ömer Cengiz 0000-0002-4645-3318

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
IZ https://izlik.org/JA52FH87AU
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karadağ Albayrak, Ö., & Cengiz, Ö. (2026). Türkiye’de Karayolu Taşımacılığı Faktörlerinin Ekonomik Büyüyemeye Etkisi: ARDL Yaklaşımı. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1), 823-839. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1817741
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır. 

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