Educational Aspect of a Military Project: Hamidiye Primary Schools in the Eastern Provinces (1890-1898)
Öz
During the reign of Abdulhamid II, the Hamidiye Cavalry Regiments, established from tribal groups to maintain order in the eastern border regions of the Ottoman Empire and strengthen central authority, functioned not only as a military organization but also as an instrument of administrative and social transformation. Within this framework, the establishment of primary schools for the children of tribes affiliated with the Hamidiye regiments constituted an important aspect of Ottoman educational policy. These schools aimed to provide basic education for tribal children and strengthen their ties with the Ottoman state. The educational needs of tribal children who could not attend the Aşiret Mektebi in Istanbul, together with petitions submitted by tribal leaders, played an important role in the establishment of these schools. The inclusion of illiterate tribal leaders and local elites in educational initiatives also contributed to the reorganization of relations between the state and tribal communities. The first initiatives were undertaken in Van and surrounding settlements for the children of tribes affiliated with the 13th and 14th Hamidiye Cavalry Regiments. Similar projects were later planned in Erzurum and Bitlis, where the construction of primary schools alongside mosques was proposed. While some Hamidiye Primary Schools became operational, others remained at the planning stage due to financial limitations, administrative difficulties and local conditions. Based on Ottoman archival documents and provincial yearbooks, this study examines the locations, construction processes, challenges, financial arrangements, and teacher appointments of Hamidiye Primary Schools in Erzurum, Van and Bitlis. It argues that these schools represented an important educational aspect of the Hamidiye military project and contributed to the extension of Ottoman educational and administrative influence among tribal communities.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Abdulhamid II, Eastern Provinces, Hamidiye Cavalry Regiments, Hamidiye Primary Schools, Tribe Policy, Late Ottoman Empire
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