Rabbâni Yahudiliğin Temellerini Oluşturan Hillel ve Şammay’ın Hayatı ve Ekolleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 1049 - 1069, 25.04.2017

Ömer Faruk Araz

Öz

Mabet yüzyıllar boyunca
Yahudiliğin en temel unsuru olagelmiştir. Ancak M.S. 70 yılında II. Mabet’ in Titus
tarafından yıkılması sonrasında, Mabet eksenli dini yaklaşım ve uygulamalar
ortadan kalkmış ve Yahudi Kutsal Kitabı ile yorumları Yahudiliğin merkezine
oturmuştur. Rabbâni Yahudilik olarak ifade edilen bu dini anlayışın temelini
Tanah ve yorumu oluşturmaktadır. Hillel ve Şammay bu geçiş döneminde
yaşamışlardır. Her ikisi de hayatları ve sonrasında kurucusu oldukları ekolleri
vasıtasıyla Rabbâni Yahudiliğin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimine önemli etki
etmişlerdir.  Kurucularının karakterlerinden
izler taşıyan bu ekoller sosyolojik zeminleri, eğitim anlayışları, dini
uygulamalar konusundaki tutumları başta olmak üzere pek çok açıdan birbirinden
farklılık göstermektedir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hillel, Şammay, Beyt Hillel, Beyt Şammay

The Life and Schools of Hillel and Shammai, the Founders of Rabbinic Judaism

Öz

The Temple has been the
most basic element of Judaism for centuries. But after the destruction of the
Second Temple at A.D. 70 by Titus, Temple-oriented religious approaches and
practices have ceased to exist, and Tanah and its interpretations are at the
center of Judaism. Tanah and its interpretation constitute the basis of this
religious understanding expressed as the Rabbinic Judaism. Hillel and Shammai
lived in this transition period. Both have had a significant impact on the
emergence and development of Rabbinic Judaism through their lives and the
schools which Hillel and Shammai were founders of these schools. These schools,
which bear traces of the characters of their founders, differ from each other
in many respects, especially their sociological grounds, educational
approaches, attitudes towards religious practices. In this article, intended to
better understanding of the religious structures of the time when Rabbinic
Judaism emerged, by explaining the lifes of Hillel and Shammai and the basic
features and opinions their schools.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hillel, Shammai, Beit Hillel, Beit Shammai, Rabbinic Judaism

Kaynakça

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