Sağlık Harcamalarının Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama: Çevre Kirliliği ve Yönetişimin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 1917 - 1939, 30.09.2018

Alper Karasoy , Gökhan Demirtaş

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.449943

Cited By: 7

Öz

Bu çalışmada seçilmiş 27
OECD ülkesine ait 2000-2015 dönemi verileri dikkate alınarak sağlık harcamalarının
belirleyicileri incelenmiştir. Bu süreçte bir bağımlı ve beş bağımsız değişken
içeren dört ekonometrik model oluşturulmuştur. Bu modelleri tahmin etmek için
panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır. Benzer çalışmalarda kullanılmış olan tipik
belirleyicilere (gelir, ortalama yaşam beklentisi, genç ve yaşlı nüfusun
çalışma çağındaki nüfusa oranı gibi) ek olarak modele iki değişken eklenmiştir:
Birincisi çevre kirliliğidir (Sülfür Oksitler-SO_x, Karbon
Monoksit-CM, Nitrojen Oksitler-NO_x ve Karbondioksit-CO₂
olmak üzere dört farklı kirleticiyle yaklaşığı alınmıştır). İkincisiyse
Uluslararası Ülke Risk Rehberi’nden elde edilmiş olan yönetişim indeksidir.
Kullanılan dört kirleticiye göre oluşturulmuş olan dört modelin de sonuçlarına
göre: Gelir, ortalama yaşam beklentisi, yönetişim indeksindeki iyileşmeler ve
bağımlı nüfus oranı sağlık harcamalarını pozitif bir biçimde etkilemektedir. Ek
olarak, SO_x ve CO₂ değişkenlerinin katsayıları anlamlı ve
pozitifken; CM ve NO_x değişkenlerinin katsayıları pozitif fakat anlamsızdır.
Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak bazı politika önerileri de sunulmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık Harcamaları, Panel Veri Analizi, OECD Ülkeleri, Çevre Kirliliği, Yönetişim, Yönetişim

An Application on the Determinants of Health Expenditures: Investigating the Impacts of Environmental Pollution and Governance

Öz

This study investigates the determinants of
health expenditures for the selected 27 OECD countries considering the period 2000-2015.
Four econometric models, each of which includes one dependent and five
independent variables, are constructed. Panel data analysis tools are employed.
Besides using typical determinants of health expenditures (income, life
expectancy and age dependency ratio), two more variables are additionally
included: environmental pollution (which is separately proxied by four
pollutants, namely Sulphur Oxides-SO_x, Carbon Monoxide-CM, Nitrogen
Oxides-NO_x and Carbon Dioxides-CO₂) and a governance
indicator that is the rankings by the International Country Risk Guide (ICGR). In
all four models, which correspond to each pollutant employed; income, life
expectancy, improvements in governance and dependency ratio significantly and
positively affect health expenditures. Moreover, while the coefficients of SO_x
and CO₂ are significant and positive, the coefficients of CM and NO_x
are positive but insignificant. Some policy recommendations are put forward related
to these results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health Expenditures, Panel Data Analysis, OECD Countries, Environmental Pollution, Governance

Kaynakça

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