Yapay Zekâ ile Uçtan Uca Stratejik Planlama Modeli Önerisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 3526 - 3545, 30.12.2021

Buket Karatop

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.891561

Öz

Stratejik yönetimin bir parçası olan stratejik planlama ile işletmeler gelecekte doğru konumlanarak geleceği yönetmek isterler. Proaktif bir yaklaşım olan stratejik planlama, uzun vadeli bir planlama türü ve veriye dayalı bir tahmin etme durumudur. Ayrıca, istatistiksel geçmişi olmayan karmaşık, belirsiz ve dilbilimsel birçok veri içerir. Stratejik planlamada olduğu gibi gerçek hayat problemleri de karmaşık, belirsiz ve çok kriterlidir. Bu tür problemlerde yapay zekâ tekniklerinin kullanılması optimum sonuçlar verdiği ve insan hatalarını en aza indirdiği bilinmektedir. Aynı zamanda çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin yapay zekâ teknikleriyle birlikte kullanılması karar vericiye doğru ve etkili sonuçlar sağlamaktadır. Günümüzün fenomeni olan yapay zekâ uygulamaları hayatımızın her alanına girmeye devam etmekte, kullanım alanı hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Stratejik planlama aşamalarında yapay zekâ teknikleri de kullanılmaktadır. Stratejik planlamada mevcut durumu belirlemek için çok sık kullanılan metot olan SWOT analizi ile yapay zeka (bulanık mantık) uygulamaları bulunmaktadır. Dahası, planlamanın başından sonuna kadar tüm aşamalarında yapay zekâ teknikleri ile çözüm sunan model sayısı azdır. Bu çalışmada yapay zekâ teknikleriyle uçtan uca stratejik planlamanın hazırlanması için bir model önerisi sunulmuştur. Önerilen modelde stratejik planlama mevcut durum analizi, stratejik kavramlar, strateji oluşturma, ölçme ve değerlendirme olmak üzere 4 aşamada incelenmiştir. Her aşama için yapay zekâ teknikleri önerilmiştir. Önerilen teknikler literatürde en çok kullanılan tekniklerden seçilmiştir. Bu yöntemler üç tiptir. Birincisi yapay zekâ tekniklerinden olan bulanık mantık, uzman sistemler, yapay sinir ağları, genetik algoritmadır. İkinci tip veri toplamada kullanılan delfi tekniği ile karar verme yöntemlerinden olan çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin bulanık mantık ile kullanılmasıdır. Bulanık delfi ve bulanık çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri. Üçüncü tip ise bulanık mantıkla diğer yapay zekâ tekniklerinin kullanılmasıdır. Bulanık uzman sistemler, bulanık yapay sinir ağları. Bu çalışmanın amacı stratejik planlama yapan organizasyonlara ve uzmanlara bir bakış açısı sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stratejik plan, SWOT analizi, Stratejik kavramlar, Yapay zekâ, Bulanık Mantık

End-To-End Strategic Planning Model Proposal with Artificial Intelligence

Öz

Organizations want to manage the future by being positioned correctly in the future with strategic planning, which is a part of strategic management. Strategic planning, which is a proactive approach, is a long-term type of planning and a case of forecasting based on data. It also contains many data that are complex, uncertain and linguistic, without statistical history. Real-life challenges, like strategic planning, are dynamic, unpredictable, and multi-criteria. It is known that the use of artificial intelligence techniques in such problems gives optimum results and minimizes human errors. At the same time, the use of multi-criteria-decision-making methods together with artificial intelligence techniques provides accurate and effective results to the decision maker. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications, which is the phenomenon of today, continue to enter all areas of our lives and its usage area is rapidly spreading. AI techniques are also used in the stages of strategic planning. There are applications of artificial intelligence (fuzzy logic) with SWOT analysis, which is a very common method to determine the current situation in strategic planning. Moreover, the number of models offering solutions with artificial intelligence techniques at all stages of planning from the very beginning to the end is low. In this study, a model proposal is presented for the preparation of end-to-end strategic planning with AI techniques. In the proposed model, strategic planning was examined in four stages as analyses of current situation, strategic concepts, assessment and evaluation. (Strategic planning was examined in four stages in the proposed model: current situation analyses, strategic concepts, assessment, and evaluation.) AI techniques are suggested for each stage. The proposed AI techniques have been chosen from among the most used techniques in the literature. The methods used are of 3 types. The first type is fuzzy logic (FL) which is one of the AI techniques, expert systems (ES), artificial neural networks (ANN), and genetic algorithms (GA). The second type is the combination of delphi technique used in data collection and multi-criteria decision-making methods, which is the decision-making methods, and FL. Fuzzy delphi and fuzzy multi-criteria-decision-making methods. The third type is the use of other AI techniques with FL. Fuzzy ES, fuzzy ANN. The aim of this study is to provide a perspective to organizations and experts that make strategic planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Strategic Plan, SWOT Analyses, Strategic Concepts, Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic

Kaynakça

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