Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okuryazarlık Yeni Okuryazarlık Türleri Medya Okuryazarlığı Reklam Okuryazarlığı Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı Literacy New Types of Literacy Media Literacy Advertising Literacy Attitudinal advertising literacy

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
  • Schor, J. B. (2005). Born to buy. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding. New York, NY: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Stephens, N., & Stutts, M. A. (1982). Preschoolers’ ability to distinguish between television programming and commercials. Journal of Advertising, 11(2), 16–26.
  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okuryazarlık Yeni Okuryazarlık Türleri Medya Okuryazarlığı Reklam Okuryazarlığı Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı Literacy New Types of Literacy Media Literacy Advertising Literacy Attitudinal advertising literacy

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
  • Schor, J. B. (2005). Born to buy. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding. New York, NY: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Stephens, N., & Stutts, M. A. (1982). Preschoolers’ ability to distinguish between television programming and commercials. Journal of Advertising, 11(2), 16–26.
  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okuryazarlık Yeni Okuryazarlık Türleri Medya Okuryazarlığı Reklam Okuryazarlığı Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı Literacy New Types of Literacy Media Literacy Advertising Literacy Attitudinal advertising literacy

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
  • Schor, J. B. (2005). Born to buy. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding. New York, NY: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Stephens, N., & Stutts, M. A. (1982). Preschoolers’ ability to distinguish between television programming and commercials. Journal of Advertising, 11(2), 16–26.
  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okuryazarlık Yeni Okuryazarlık Türleri Medya Okuryazarlığı Reklam Okuryazarlığı Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı Literacy New Types of Literacy Media Literacy Advertising Literacy Attitudinal advertising literacy

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
  • Schor, J. B. (2005). Born to buy. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding. New York, NY: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Stephens, N., & Stutts, M. A. (1982). Preschoolers’ ability to distinguish between television programming and commercials. Journal of Advertising, 11(2), 16–26.
  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okuryazarlık Yeni Okuryazarlık Türleri Medya Okuryazarlığı Reklam Okuryazarlığı Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı Literacy New Types of Literacy Media Literacy Advertising Literacy Attitudinal advertising literacy

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
  • Schor, J. B. (2005). Born to buy. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding. New York, NY: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Stephens, N., & Stutts, M. A. (1982). Preschoolers’ ability to distinguish between television programming and commercials. Journal of Advertising, 11(2), 16–26.
  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].

Attitudes of Secondary School Students on Advertising Literacy

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Advertising literacy is one of the most significant types of literacy that children should have in order to protect themselves from the negative aspects of all kinds of media content (television, Youtube, Instagram, Facebook, etc.) they are exposed to. According to the traditional view, advertising literacy functions as a kind of filter for children. According to the cognitive view, children have the ability to decide on the advertisement that they will watch based on their own wishes and needs with their critical view. However, field experts who found out that there were no experimental studies to prove the function of the second opinion in the literature reconsidered the concept of advertising literacy. Thus, they designed the advertising literacy skill under three dimensions as "conceptual advertising literacy, advertising literacy performance and attitudinal advertising literacy". Attitudinal advertising literacy is regarded by the experts to be the most significant dimension of all since it plays crucial roles in children's reaction to advertisements. In short, attitudinal advertising literacy is one of the most important factors affecting conceptual advertising literacy knowledge and performance. The current study aims to examine whether there is a significant difference between the attitudes of secondary school students in Turkey towards advertising literacy and their grade levels. The study was designed according to the survey model, which is one of the quantitative research approaches. In this survey research, the Attitudinal Advertising Literacy Scale developed by Rozendaal et al. (2014) was employed as a data collection tool. The reliability coefficient of the scale, which consists of 3 dimensions as Prejudice, Suspicion and Admiration, is .71. In our study, the overall reliability coefficient of the scale was determined as .73, and for the dimensions of Prejudice, Doubt, and Admiration as .72, .74 and .82, respectively. The scale was applied to the 5th, 6th and 7th-grade students attending secondary school in Turkey in an online questionnaire form. The findings display that the means of prejudice, suspicion and admiration levels of secondary school students' advertising literacy attitudes vary according to the grade level; however, it was concluded that the difference was not statistically significant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Literacy New Types of Literacy Media Literacy Advertising Literacy Attitudinal advertising literacy

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
  • Schor, J. B. (2005). Born to buy. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding. New York, NY: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Stephens, N., & Stutts, M. A. (1982). Preschoolers’ ability to distinguish between television programming and commercials. Journal of Advertising, 11(2), 16–26.
  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Reklam Okuryazarlığı Konusundaki Tutumları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1966 - 1982, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Ali Baz Kadir Kaplan Hülya Ağın Haykır

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395

Öz

Reklam okuryazarlığı, çocukların maruz kaldıkları her türlü medya içeriklerinin (televizyon, Youtube, İnstagram, Facebook vb.) olumsuz yönlerinden kendilerini korumaları için sahip olmaları gereken en önemli okuryazarlık türlerinden biridir. Reklam okuryazarlığı geleneksel görüşe göre çocuklar için bir tür filtre işlevine sahiptir. Bilişsel görüşe göre ise çocuklar sahip oldukları eleştirel bakışla kendi istek ve ihtiyaçlarına göre izleyecekleri reklama karar verme kabiliyeti kazanmaktadır. Ancak söz konusu ikinci görüşün işlevini alan yazında kanıtlayacak deneysel çalışmaların olmadığını tespit eden alan uzmanları reklam okuryazarlığı kavramını yeniden düşünmüşlerdir. Bu düşünme çerçevesinde, reklam okuryazarlığı becerisini “kavramsal reklam okuryazarlığı, reklam okuryazarlığı performansı ve tutumsal reklam okuryazarlığı” olmak üzere üç boyutlu bir biçimde tasarlamışlardır. Onlara göre söz konusu üç boyuttan üzerinde durulması gereken boyut, tutumsal reklam okuryazarlığıdır. Çünkü tutumsal reklam okuryazarlığı çocukların reklamlara karşı vereceği tepkide önemli roller oynamaktadır. Kısacası, tutumsal reklam okuryazarlığı kavramsal reklam okuryazarlığı bilgilerini ve performanslarını etkileyen en önemli etkenlerdendir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın amacı; ülkemizdeki ortaokul öğrencilerinin reklam okuryazarlığı konusundaki tutumları ile sınıf düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılaşmanın olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından tarama modeline göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak Rozendaal vd. (2014) tarafından geliştirilen Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ön yargı, Şüphe ve Beğeni olmak üzere 3 boyuttan oluşan ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı Rozendaal (2014) tarafından .71 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bizim çalışmamızda ise ölçeğin genel güvenirlik katsayısı .73, Ön Yargı, Şüphe ve Beğeni boyutları için ise sırasıyla .72, .74 ve .82 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu ölçek, ülkemizde ortaokul kademesinde eğitim-öğretimine devam eden 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerine çevrim içi anket formunda uygulanmıştır. Anket verilerinin analizlerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre; ortaokul öğrencilerinin reklam okuryazarlığı tutumlarının Ön Yargı, Şüphe ve Beğeni düzeylerinin ortalamalarının sınıf düzeyine göre değiştiği; ancak tespit edilen farklılaşmanın istatistiki olarak anlamlı olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okuryazarlık Yeni Okuryazarlık Türleri Medya Okuryazarlığı Reklam Okuryazarlığı Tutumsal Reklam Okuryazarlığı

Kaynakça

  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Amos Uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ezgi Kitapevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bijmolt, THA, Claassen, W. and Brus, B. (1998). Children's Understanding of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(2), 171–194. doi:10.1023/a:1006831206697.
  • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1988). Children’s use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471–482. doi:10.1086/209129
  • Buijzen, M. 2007. Reducing children's susceptibility to commercials: Mechanisms of factual and evaluative advertising interventions. Media Psychology, 9: 411–430. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Buijzen, Moniek, Van Reijmersdal, Eva and Owen, Laura H. 2010. Introducing the PCMC Model: An Investigative Framework for Young People's Processing of Commercialized Media Content. Communication Theory, 20: 427–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Butter, E. J., Popovich, P. M., Stackhouse, R. H., & Garner, R. K. (1981). Discrimination of television programs and commercials by preschool children. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(2), 53–56.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
  • Calvert, Sandra L. 2008. Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing. Future of Children, 18: 205–34. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Chan, K. and McNeal, JU (2004). Children's understanding of television advertising: Revisiting China. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
  • Christenson, P.G. (1982) Children's perceptions of TV commercials and products: the effects of PSA's. Commercial Research, 9, 491– 524.
  • Chernin, A. (2007). The relationship between children’s knowledge of persuasive intent and persuasion: The case of televised food marketing (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI No. AAT 3292015).
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (H. Ekşi, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: EDAM.
  • Eagle, L. 2007. Commercial media literacy: What does it do, to whom, and does it matter?. Journal of Advertising, 36: 101–110. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Esther Rozendaal, Suzanna J. Opree & Moniek Buijzen (2016) Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children's Advertising Literacy, Media Psychology, 19:1, 72-100, DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Fraenkel, R. Jack & Wallen, E. Norman (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill İnternational Edition, S. 7, s. 396-397.
  • Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How peoplecope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 1–31. doi:10.1086/209380.
  • Gönen, E., Özgen, Ö., Babekoğlu, Y. ve Ufuk, H. (2001). Gençlerin tüketici davranışlarının model yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi. H.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):137-16
  • Gunter, B., Oates, C. and Blades, M. 2005. Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [Google Scholar].
  • Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
  • Harris, J. L., Brownell, K. D., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3, 211–271. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2009.01015.x.
  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1976). The aims of interpretation. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Israel, Glenn D. 1992. Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5. October.
  • Jacks, J.Z. & Cameron, K.A. (2003) Strategies for resisting persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 145– 161.
  • John, D.R. (1999) Consumer socialization of children: a retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183– 213.
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri (Çeviri Editörü: Ömay Çokluk). Ankara: Edge.
  • Kunkel, D., Wilcox, B. L., Cantor, J., Palmer, E., Linn, S., & Dowrick, P. (2004). Report of the APA Task Force on advertising and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
  • Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images. Grammar of visual design. Routledge.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does advertising literacymediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. Journal of Communication, 56, 560–584. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.
  • Macklin. C. M. (1987). Preschoolers’ understanding of the informational function of television advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 229–239.
  • Mallinckrodt, V. and Mizerski, D. 2007. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. Journal of Advertising, 36: 87–100. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). “Diverging responsibilities: reflections on emerging issues of responsibility in the advertising business”, Business Strategy Series,11(1), 43–53.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersi Öğretim Programı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 veya 8. Sınıflar). MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2021). http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-istatistikleri-yayinlanmistirorgun-egitim-20202021/icerik/425.
  • Moore, E. S. (2007). Perspectives on food marketing and childhood obesity: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 157– 161. doi:10.1509/jppm.26.2.157.
  • Nairn, A., & Fine, C. (2008). Who’s messing with my mind? The implications of dualprocess models for ethics of advertising to children. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 447–470. doi:10.2501/S0265048708080062.
  • Nairn, Agnes. 2014. Advertising and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being, 2031–55. Netherlands: Springer.
  • O’Donohoe, S. (2001). Living with Ambivalence. Marketing Theory, 1(1), 91–108. doi:10.1177/147059310100100104
  • Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurumu. (2011). Radyo Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında 6112 Numaralı Kanun. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6112.pdf
  • Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age differences in children's responses to television advertising: and information processing approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 144– 153.
  • Rossiter, J. R. and Robertson, T. S. 1974. Children's TV commercials: Testing the defenses. Journal of Communication, 24: 137–144. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Rossiter, J. R. (1979). Does TV-advertising effect children? Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 49–53.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J., & Buijzen, M. (2014). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72–100. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.885843.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2010b). The role of cognitive and affective defense mechanisms in reducing children’s susceptibility to advertising effects. Revise and resubmit at Human Communication Research.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. and Valkenburg, P. M. 2009. Do children's cognitive defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 34: 287–303. [Google Scholar].
  • Rozendaal, Esther, Matthew A. Lapierre, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, and Moniek Buijzen. 2011.“Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense against Advertising Effects.” Media Psychology, 14 (4):333–54. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  • Silverblatt, A. (1995). Media literacy. Keys to interpret media messages. Praeger.
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  • Stutts, M. A., Vance, D., & Hudleson, S. (1981). Program-commercial separators in children’s television: Do they help a child tell the difference between Bugs Bunny and the Quick Rabbit?. Journal of Advertising, 10(2), 16–25.
  • Valkenburg, Patti M., and Joanne Cantor. 2001. The development of a child into a consumer. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 1: 61–72.
  • Yavuz, İ. ve Arhan, S. (2016). Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersine Yönelik Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Politikaları. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1 (2), 95-110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cm/issue/57207/807852.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ward, S, (1986). How children understand with age. In: S. Ward, T. Robertson, & R. Brown (Eds.), Commercial television and European children: An international research digest, pp. 33–53. Hants, UK: Gower
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar].
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Ali Baz 0000-0002-6847-5657

Kadir Kaplan 0000-0002-0010-8252

Hülya Ağın Haykır 0000-0003-3666-3677

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Baz, M. A., Kaplan, K., & Ağın Haykır, H. (2022). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Reklam Okuryazarlığı Konusundaki Tutumları. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(4), 1966-1982. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1075395
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İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.