Factors Influencing The Entrance of Turkish Multinational Enterprises to Foreign Markets

Metin Çakıroğlu

doi:10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Araştırma Makalesi

Asongu, S., Akpan, U. S. and Isihak, S. R. (2018). Determinants of Foregin Direct Investment in Fast – Growing Economies: Evidence form the BRICS and MINT Countries. Financial Innovation. 4(26), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-018-0114-0
Aybar, S. (2016). Determinants of Turkish Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Transnational Corporations Review. 8(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2016.1162486
Ayçin, E. (2019). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme: Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Çözümler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
Batsakis, G., Wood, G., Azar, G. and Singh, S. (2018). International Diversification and Firm Performance in the Post – Acquisition Period: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Journal of Business
Research. 93: 151–159 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.025
Bodner, J. and Capron, L. (2018). Post – Merger Integration. Journal of Organizational Design. 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0027-4
Brouthers, K. D., and Brouthers, L. E. (2001). Explaining the National Cultural Distance Paradox. Journal of International Business Studies. 32(1), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490944
Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E., and Werner, S. (2008). Real Options, International Entry Mode Choice and Performance. Journal of Management Studies. 45: 936 – 960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00753.x
Brouthers, K. D. (2013). A Retrospective on: Institutional, Cultural, and Transaction Costs Influences on Entry Mode Choice Performance. Journal of International Business Studies. 44(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.23
Buckley, P. J., Clegg, L. J., Cross, A. R., Liu, X., Voss, H. and Zheng, P. (2007). The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of International Business Studies. 38(4), 499-518. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230248328_6
Can, Muharrem. (2022). Türkiye’nin Yurt Dışı Doğrudan Yatırımlarının Küreselleşmesi: Yatırmalardaki Coğrafi Dağılım ve Nedenlerindeki Değişim. Ticaret Bakanlığı. 1-25.
Capron, L. (2016). Strategies for M&As: When is Acquisition the Right Mode to Grow. Accounting and Business Research. 46(5), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2016.1182705
Chen, H. and Hu, M. Y. (2002). An Analysis of Determinants of Entry Mode and Its Impact on Performance. International Business Review. 11, 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00055-5
Chen, M. K. and Wang, S. C. (2010). The Use of a hybrid-fuzzy – Delphi – AHP Approach to Develop Global Business Intelligence for Information Service Firms. Expert Systems with Applications. 37(11), 7394 – 7407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.04.033
Cheng, Y. M. (2006). Determinants of FDI Mode Choice: Acquisitons, Brownfield, and Greenfield Entry in Foreign Markets. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 23(3), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2006.tb00627.x
Couturier, J. and Sola, D. (2010). International Market Entry Decisions: The Role of Local Market Factors. Journal of General Management. 35(4), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030630701003500403
Cuervo – Cazurra, A. and Genç, M. (2008). Transforming Disadvantages into Advantages: Developing – Country MNEs in the Least Developed Countries. Journal of International Business Studies. 39, 957-979. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.840039
Cui, L. and Jiang, F. (2009). FDI Entry Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: A Strategic Behavior Perspective. Journal of World Business. 44(4), 434 – 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.004
Cui, L., Jiang, F. and Stening, B. (2011). The Entry – Mode Decision of Chinese Outward FDI: Firm Resources, Industry Conditions, and Institutional Forces. Thunderbird International Business Review. 53(4), 483-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20425
Cui, L., Meyer, K. E. and Hu, H. W. (2013). What Drives Firms’ Intent to Seek Strategic Assets by Foreign Direct Investment? A Study of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49(4): 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.003
Çiftçi, İ., Tatoğlu, E., Wood, G., Demirbağ, M. and Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 28, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
Demirbağ, M., Collings, D. G., Tatoğlu, E., Mellahi, K. and Wood, G. (2014). High – Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance in Emerging Economies: Evidence from MNEs in Turkey. Management International Review. 54, 325-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-014-0204-9
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Deng, P. and Yang, M. (2015). Cross – Border Mergers and Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms: A Comparative Investigation. International Business Review. 24, 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.005
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Fan, Y, and Jianfeng, Y. (2016). The Choice of the Southeast Asian Market Entry Mode: A Performance Appraisal Model Based on Fuzzy AHP. The First International Symposium on Business Cooperation and Development in South – East and South Asia under B&R Initative. s. 63 – 66
Gao, G. Y., Murray, J. Y., Kotebe, M. and Lu, J. (2010). A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective on Export Behaviors: Evidence from Domestic and Foreign Firms Based in an Emerging Economy. Journal of International Business Studies. 41, 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.27
Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015). International Divesification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation. Management International Review. 55, 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0240-0
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Gholami, S., Karimiankakolaki, M. and Ghobeyshavi, H. (2015). Developing Marketing Strategies Based on Risk Management by Using DEMATEL Technique. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 4(1), 1527-1539.
Halaszovich, T.F. and Lundan, S. M. (2015). The Moderating Role of Local Embeddedness on the Performance of Foreign and Domestic Firms in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 25(5), 1136-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.02.003
Han, X., Liu, X., Xia, T. and Gao, L. (2018). Home – Country Government Support, Interstate Relations and The Subsidiary Performance of Emerging Market Multinationals Enterprises. Journal of Business Research. 93, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.021
Holmes, R. M, Miller, T., Hitt, M. A. and Salmador, M. P. (2013). The Interrelationships Among Informal Institutions, Formal Institutions, and Inward Foreign Direct Invsetment. Journal of Management. 39(2), 531-566. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206310393503
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Factors Influencing The Entrance of Turkish Multinational Enterprises to Foreign Markets

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022

Metin Çakıroğlu

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Öz

The number of corporations operating in both developed and developing economies is increasing, which means that the factors that influence entering international markets are becoming increasingly diverse. The primary significance of the research and how it differs from earlier studies is the examination of the factors impacting access to foreign markets as a whole and the justification of their relative importance and effectiveness. This study's main objective is to explain the relative significance of various elements influencing the market entry process, as well as the extent to which they impact the process. It is based on a questionnaire with 12 sub-criteria in addition to its four primary criteria, which are all interrelated. The information was gathered from five senior managers of Turkish Multinational Enterprises (TMNEs) as well as five academics who are employed in Turkish educational institutions. An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a Decision Making Trail and Evaluating Laboratory (DEMATEL) were both used to assess the relative weights of the sub-criteria in the overall evaluation. According to the findings of the study, the criteria for investment risk are the most critical component, followed closely by market cirsumstances. It was also discovered that these two sub-criteria had the greatest effect value on a TMNE's ability to enter international markets. The research makes a contribution to the existing body of literature on international management and marketing, specifically in the area of the infleunce of criteria on market entry strategies. In addition, TMNES will be able to analyze and improve the situation of the host country or countries in relation to their rivals on international markets with the assistance of the results of this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Market Entry, Market Entry Influencing Factors, Turkish Multinational Enterprises, Ahp, Dematel

Kaynakça

Asongu, S., Akpan, U. S. and Isihak, S. R. (2018). Determinants of Foregin Direct Investment in Fast – Growing Economies: Evidence form the BRICS and MINT Countries. Financial Innovation. 4(26), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-018-0114-0
Aybar, S. (2016). Determinants of Turkish Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Transnational Corporations Review. 8(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2016.1162486
Ayçin, E. (2019). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme: Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Çözümler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
Batsakis, G., Wood, G., Azar, G. and Singh, S. (2018). International Diversification and Firm Performance in the Post – Acquisition Period: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Journal of Business
Research. 93: 151–159 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.025
Bodner, J. and Capron, L. (2018). Post – Merger Integration. Journal of Organizational Design. 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0027-4
Brouthers, K. D., and Brouthers, L. E. (2001). Explaining the National Cultural Distance Paradox. Journal of International Business Studies. 32(1), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490944
Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E., and Werner, S. (2008). Real Options, International Entry Mode Choice and Performance. Journal of Management Studies. 45: 936 – 960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00753.x
Brouthers, K. D. (2013). A Retrospective on: Institutional, Cultural, and Transaction Costs Influences on Entry Mode Choice Performance. Journal of International Business Studies. 44(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.23
Buckley, P. J., Clegg, L. J., Cross, A. R., Liu, X., Voss, H. and Zheng, P. (2007). The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of International Business Studies. 38(4), 499-518. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230248328_6
Can, Muharrem. (2022). Türkiye’nin Yurt Dışı Doğrudan Yatırımlarının Küreselleşmesi: Yatırmalardaki Coğrafi Dağılım ve Nedenlerindeki Değişim. Ticaret Bakanlığı. 1-25.
Capron, L. (2016). Strategies for M&As: When is Acquisition the Right Mode to Grow. Accounting and Business Research. 46(5), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2016.1182705
Chen, H. and Hu, M. Y. (2002). An Analysis of Determinants of Entry Mode and Its Impact on Performance. International Business Review. 11, 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00055-5
Chen, M. K. and Wang, S. C. (2010). The Use of a hybrid-fuzzy – Delphi – AHP Approach to Develop Global Business Intelligence for Information Service Firms. Expert Systems with Applications. 37(11), 7394 – 7407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.04.033
Cheng, Y. M. (2006). Determinants of FDI Mode Choice: Acquisitons, Brownfield, and Greenfield Entry in Foreign Markets. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 23(3), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2006.tb00627.x
Couturier, J. and Sola, D. (2010). International Market Entry Decisions: The Role of Local Market Factors. Journal of General Management. 35(4), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030630701003500403
Cuervo – Cazurra, A. and Genç, M. (2008). Transforming Disadvantages into Advantages: Developing – Country MNEs in the Least Developed Countries. Journal of International Business Studies. 39, 957-979. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.840039
Cui, L. and Jiang, F. (2009). FDI Entry Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: A Strategic Behavior Perspective. Journal of World Business. 44(4), 434 – 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.004
Cui, L., Jiang, F. and Stening, B. (2011). The Entry – Mode Decision of Chinese Outward FDI: Firm Resources, Industry Conditions, and Institutional Forces. Thunderbird International Business Review. 53(4), 483-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20425
Cui, L., Meyer, K. E. and Hu, H. W. (2013). What Drives Firms’ Intent to Seek Strategic Assets by Foreign Direct Investment? A Study of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49(4): 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.003
Çiftçi, İ., Tatoğlu, E., Wood, G., Demirbağ, M. and Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 28, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
Demirbağ, M., Collings, D. G., Tatoğlu, E., Mellahi, K. and Wood, G. (2014). High – Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance in Emerging Economies: Evidence from MNEs in Turkey. Management International Review. 54, 325-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-014-0204-9
Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009a). Equity – Based Enrty Modes of Emerging Country Multinationals: Lessons From Turkey. Journal of World Business. 44, 445-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.009
Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009b). Institutional and Transaction Cost Determinants of Turkish MNE’s Location Choice. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 272-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011047989
Deng, P. and Yang, M. (2015). Cross – Border Mergers and Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms: A Comparative Investigation. International Business Review. 24, 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.005
Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational Enterprises and The Global Economy. 2. bs.
Erdoğmuş, E., Çobanoğlu, E., Yalçın, M. and Ghauri, P. N. (2014). Internationalization of Emerging Market Firms. The Case of Turkish Retailers. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 316-337. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011048014
Fan, Y, and Jianfeng, Y. (2016). The Choice of the Southeast Asian Market Entry Mode: A Performance Appraisal Model Based on Fuzzy AHP. The First International Symposium on Business Cooperation and Development in South – East and South Asia under B&R Initative. s. 63 – 66
Gao, G. Y., Murray, J. Y., Kotebe, M. and Lu, J. (2010). A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective on Export Behaviors: Evidence from Domestic and Foreign Firms Based in an Emerging Economy. Journal of International Business Studies. 41, 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.27
Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015). International Divesification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation. Management International Review. 55, 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0240-0
Gaur, A., Kumar, S. K. and Singh, D. (2014). Institutions, Resources and Internationalization of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.04.002
Gholami, S., Karimiankakolaki, M. and Ghobeyshavi, H. (2015). Developing Marketing Strategies Based on Risk Management by Using DEMATEL Technique. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 4(1), 1527-1539.
Halaszovich, T.F. and Lundan, S. M. (2015). The Moderating Role of Local Embeddedness on the Performance of Foreign and Domestic Firms in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 25(5), 1136-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.02.003
Han, X., Liu, X., Xia, T. and Gao, L. (2018). Home – Country Government Support, Interstate Relations and The Subsidiary Performance of Emerging Market Multinationals Enterprises. Journal of Business Research. 93, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.021
Holmes, R. M, Miller, T., Hitt, M. A. and Salmador, M. P. (2013). The Interrelationships Among Informal Institutions, Formal Institutions, and Inward Foreign Direct Invsetment. Journal of Management. 39(2), 531-566. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206310393503
Javorcik, B. S. and Spatareanu, M. (2011). Does It Matter Where You Come From? Vertical Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment and The Origin of Investors. Journal of Development Economics. 96(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.05.008
Johnson, J. and Tellis, G. J. (2008). Drivers of Success for Market Entry into China and India. Journal of Marketing. 72, 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.1509%2FJMKG.72.3.001
Juasrikul, S., Sahaym, A., Yim, H. S. and Liu, R. L. (2018). Do Cross – Border Alliances with MNEs from Developed Economies Create Firm Value for MNEs from Emerging Economies? Journal of Business Research. 93. 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.001
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Kaya, H. (2009). Unfavorable Business Environment and Foreign Direct Investment Activities of Turkish Manufacturing Firms. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar. 3(1), 101-117
Kaya, H. and Erden, D. (2008). Firm – Specific Capabilities and Foreign Direct Investment Activities of Turkish Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Management Development. 27(7), 761-777. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810883643
Kim, Y. and Gary, S. J. (2008). The Impact of Entry Mode Choice on Foreign Affliate Performance: The Case of Foreign MNEs in South Korea. Management International Review. 48(2), 165-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0010-3
Lau, C. M., Ngo, H. Y. and Yiu, D. W. (2010). Internationalization and Organizational Resources of Chinese Firms. Chinese Management Studies. 4(3), 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141011074147
Lee, A. H.I., Chen, W. C. and Chang, C. J. (2008). A Fuzzy AHP and BSC Approach for Evaluating Performance of IT Department in the Manufacturing Industry in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications. 34(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.08.022
Liu, W. K. (2015). Using FDM and DEMATEL Approaches to Evaluate the Location Selection of Investment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 5(10), 732-739. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2015.V5.602
Liu, X., Xiao, W. and Huang, X. (2008). Bounded Entrepreneurship and Internalisation of Indegenous Chinese Private – Owned Firms. International Business Review. 17, 488-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.014
Liu, Y. and Yu, Y. (2018). Institutions, Firm Resources and The Foreign Establishment Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: The Moderating Role of Home Regional Institutional Development. Journal of Business Research. 93, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.026
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Türk Çokuluslu İşletmelerinin Dış Pazarlara Girişlerini Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022

Metin Çakıroğlu

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Öz

Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde uluslararası ticari girişimlere yönelen işletme sayısının artması, uluslararası pazarlara giriş stratejilerini etkileyen faktörlerinde hızlı bir şekilde artmasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmanın temel önemi ve önceki araştırmalardan farklılığı dış pazarlara girişi etkileyen faktörlerin bir bütün olarak incelenip birbirleri arasında nasıl bir önem ve etki derecesine sahip olduğunun açıklanmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı uluslararası pazarlara girişi etkileyen faktörlerin birbirleri arasında nasıl bir önem derecesine sahip olduğunu ve aynı zamanda bu faktörlerin birbirleri üzerindeki etkisini açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın yöntem bölümünde 4 ana kriter temel alınarak bu ana kriterlere bağlı 12 alt kriter incelenmiştir. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket methodu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türk Çokulusu İşletmeleri'nin(TÇUİ) üst düzey yöneticileri ve Türkiye’de ki üniversitelerde görev yapan akademisyenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın analiz kısmında iki farklı yöntem kullanılımıştır. İlk olarak AHP yöntemi ile alt kriterlerin birbirleri arasındaki önem dereceleri belirlenmiş, ikinci olarak ise DEMATEL yöntemi bu alt kriterlerin birbirleri üzerindeki etki dereceleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre yatırım riski alt kriteri en yüksek önem derecesine sahip olmuş, onu pazar koşulları takip etmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu iki alt kriter diğer alt kriterler ile karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek etki derecesine sahip olmuştur. Bu araştırma özellikle pazara giriş stratejilerini etkileyen faktörler ile ilgili kısıtlı çalışmaların olması nedeni ile uluslararası işletmecilik ve pazarlama literatüründeki bir eksik noktanın tamamlanmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu araştırmanın uluslararası pazarlarda TÇUİ'lerin ev sahibi ülke veya ülkelerin içinde bulunduğu koşulları daha iyi analiz etmelerine ve bu pazardaki durumlarını geliştirmelerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pazara Giriş, Pazara Girişi Etkileyen Faktörler, Türk Çokuluslu İşletmeleri, Ahp, Dematel

Kaynakça

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Kamal, S. Md. (2011). Entry Mode and Subsidiary Performance in Emerging Economies. Mustang Journal of Business & Ethics. 2. 20-29. http://hdl.handle.net/10361/1613
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Kim, Y. and Gary, S. J. (2008). The Impact of Entry Mode Choice on Foreign Affliate Performance: The Case of Foreign MNEs in South Korea. Management International Review. 48(2), 165-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0010-3
Lau, C. M., Ngo, H. Y. and Yiu, D. W. (2010). Internationalization and Organizational Resources of Chinese Firms. Chinese Management Studies. 4(3), 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141011074147
Lee, A. H.I., Chen, W. C. and Chang, C. J. (2008). A Fuzzy AHP and BSC Approach for Evaluating Performance of IT Department in the Manufacturing Industry in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications. 34(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.08.022
Liu, W. K. (2015). Using FDM and DEMATEL Approaches to Evaluate the Location Selection of Investment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 5(10), 732-739. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2015.V5.602
Liu, X., Xiao, W. and Huang, X. (2008). Bounded Entrepreneurship and Internalisation of Indegenous Chinese Private – Owned Firms. International Business Review. 17, 488-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.014
Liu, Y. and Yu, Y. (2018). Institutions, Firm Resources and The Foreign Establishment Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: The Moderating Role of Home Regional Institutional Development. Journal of Business Research. 93, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.026
Loo, M. K. L. (2019). Enhancing Financial Inclusion in ASEAN. Identifying the Best Growth Markets for Fintech. Journal of Risk and Finance Management. 12(181), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12040181
Lu, J., Liu, X. and Wang, H. (2010). Motives for Outward FDI of Chinese Private Firms: Firm Resources, Industry Dynamics and Government Policies. Management and Organizational Review. 7(2), 223-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00184.x
Luo, Y. (2001). Determinants of Entry in an Emerging Economy: A Multilevel Approach. Journal of Management Studies. 38(3), 443-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00244
Luo, Y. and Bu, J. (2018). When Are Emerging Market Multinationals More Risk Taking? Global Strategy Journal. 8, 635-664
Malhotra, S., Sivakumar, K. and Zhu, P. C. (2009). Distance Factors and Target Market Selection: The Moderating Effect of Market Potential. International Marketing Review. 26(6), 651-673. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330911001332
Morschett, D., Schramn – Klein, H. and Swoboda, B. (2010). Decades of Research on Market Entry Modes: What Do We Know About External Antecedents of Enrty Mode Choice. Journal of International Management. 16(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2009.09.002
Pan, Y. and Tse, D. K. (2000). The Hierarchical Model of Market Entry Modes. Journal of International Business Studies. 31(4), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490921
Piperopoulos, P., Wu, J. and Wang, C. (2018). Outward FDI, Location Choices and Innovation Performance of Emerging Market Enterprises. Research Policy. 47(1), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.11.001
Rasheed, H. S. (2005). Foreign Entry Mode and Performance: The Moderating Effects of Environment. Journal of Small Business Management. 43(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00124.x
Raut, R. D., Bhasin, H. V. and Kamble, S. S. (2011). Evaluation of Supplier Selection Criteria by Combination of AHP and fuzzy DEMATEL Method. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. 5(4), 359-392.
Rui, H. and Yip, G. S. (2008). Foreign Acquisitions by Chinese Firms: A Strategic Intent Perspective. Journal of World Business. 43, 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2007.11.006
Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York: McGraw – Hill
Saaty, T. L. (1982). Decison Making for Leaders. CA: Lifetime Learning Publications.
Sari, H. and Nurhadi, D. A. (2019). Designing Marketing Strategy Basen on Value from Clohting – Producing Companies Using the AHP and Delphi Methods. Journal Teknik Industri. 20(2), 191-203. https://doi.org/10.22219/JTIUMM.Vol20.No2.191-203
Söyler, H. and Yaraş, E. (2016). Küresel Pazara Giriş Kararlarının Bulanık AHP ve Bulanık TOPSIS Yaklaşımıyla Analizi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 5(4), 77-96.
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Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	İşletme
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Metin Çakıroğlu 0000-0002-4185-6353
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	1 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA	Çakıroğlu, M. (2022). Factors Influencing The Entrance of Turkish Multinational Enterprises to Foreign Markets. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(4), 2333-2356. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

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