Türk Savunma Sanayisinin Dönüşümünün Türk Dış Politikasına Etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 1 - 21, 31.03.2023

Serdar Yılmaz Murat Yorulmaz

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1186736

Öz

Türkiye, savunma sanayisini son on yılda devlet merkezli ve özel sektör yatırımları ile dönüştürmeye gayret göstermekte ve kendi kendine bu alanda yeterlilik kazanmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu makale, yenilikçi ve rekabetçi olan devlet kurumlarıyla işbirliği yapan özel savunma sektörlerinin rolünü analiz ederek, Türk savunma sanayisinin dönüşümünün Türk dış politikası üzerindeki etkilerine dair yeni kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Makaledeki temel amaç, gelişen, millileşen ve yerlileşen Türk savunma sanayisinin Türk dış politikasında daha özgüvenli adımlar atılmasına vesile olduğu iddiasını doğrulamaktır. Bilindiği gibi Türkiye, Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika'nın orta noktasında yer almaktadır. Türkiye'nin jeopolitik önemi, Soğuk Savaş'ın sonuna kadar azalmasına rağmen, enerji yollarının ortasında yer alması nedeniyle stratejik açıdan halen devam etmektedir. Türkiye 2000'li yılların başından itibaren kendi kendine yeten ve tekno-milliyetçi bir modele odaklanarak bir savunma dönüşümü içerisindedir. Bunu yaparken Türkiye, günümüz dünyasında yaşanan enerji, savunma, güvenlik ve 1974 Kıbrıs krizi tecrübesinin ve teröre karşı süregelen mücadelenin bilinciyle ulusal güvenlik kaynaklarını tarihsel bir perspektifte tahsis etmektedir. Türkiye'nin bu jeopolitik ve stratejik konumu ve Türk savunma sanayiinin dayanıklılığı, Türk dış politikası için de fırsatlar ve zorluklar ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ayrıca Türk savunma sanayisindeki dönüşümün geleceğe yönelik siyasi ve ekonomik taahhütler sunduğu da görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu makalede dönüşüm ve değişim sürecindeki Türkiye'nin özel sektöre de ulusal kaynak ayırmasına yer verilecektir. Sonuç olarak bu makalede, Türkiye'nin, milli silahlar, aktif operasyonlar, askeri üsler ve barışı koruma misyonları ihraç ederek askeri varlığını sınırlarının ötesinde arttırmasının aktif ve iddialı bir dış politika benimsediği anlamına geldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuca ulaşmak için nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, makalenin konusuyla alakalı birincil ve ikincil kaynaklara başvurulmuştur. Roketsan, Havelsan, Baykar Teknoloji, STM, BMC gibi şirketlerin web sitelerinden doğrudan bilgi alınmıştır. Türkiye Milli Savunma Sanayi Başkanı İsmail Demir'in savunma makalesi ve Sezgin, Seren, Adar, Yeşiltaş, Sekine, Öniş ve Sakman gibi Türk savunma sanayisi hakkında akademik makaleler yazan araştırmacıların çalışmalarından istifade edilmiştir. Bunların dışında, dünyanın en güçlü savunma şirketlerinin yıllık güncel listelerini veren DefeseNews internet sitesinden faydalanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, Savunma Sanayii, Ulusal Güvenlik, Kaynaklar, Türk Dış Politikası

The Effects of Turkish Defense Industry’s Transformation on Turkish Foreign Policy

Öz

Türkiye aims to attain self-sufficiency with the transformation of its defense industry by state-centered and private sector investments as collaboration in the last decade. This paper presents new evidence on the effects of Turkish defense industry’s transformation on Turkish foreign policy by analysing the role of private defense sectors collaborated with the state institutions that are innovative and competitive as in today’s global environment. The main purpose of the article is to verify the claim that the developed, nationalized and localized Turkish defense industry is instrumental in taking more confident steps in Turkish foreign policy. Türkiye has been in a defense transformation since the early 2000s by focusing on a self-reliant and techno-nationalist model by allocating national security resources with the awareness of today’s world conflicts on energy, defense, security, and the experience of Cyprus crisis of 1974 and the ongoing fight against terrorism in a historical perspective. This geopolitical and strategic status of Türkiye and the resilience of Turkish defense industry have also emerged opportunities and challenges for Turkish foreign policy. Furthermore, it is observed that the transformation of Turkish defense industry has presented political and economic commitments for the future. The paper also sheds light on Türkiye’s allocation national resources and collaboration with especially private sector in the transformation process. As a result, in this article, it is concluded that Türkiye's increasing its military presence beyond its borders by exporting national weapons, active operations, military bases and peacekeeping missions means that it has adopted an active and assertive foreign policy. Qualitative research method has been used to reach this result together with primary and secondary sources. Information has been obtained directly from the websites of companies such as Roketsan, Havelsan, Baykar technology, STM, BMC. The defense article of İsmail Demir, President of the National Defense Industry of Türkiye, and the studies of researchers who wrote academic articles about the Turkish defense industry such as Sezgin, Seren, Adar, Yeşiltaş, Sekine, Öniş and Sakman have been referred. Apart from these, the DefeseNews website, which provides annual updated lists of the world's most powerful defense companies, has laso been used.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, Defense Industry, National Security, Resources, Turkish Foreign Policy

Kaynakça

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