Yapay Zeka ve Bilinç: Anlamsal ve Duygusal/Heyecansal Boyutları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 192 - 213, 28.10.2024

Temel Alper Karslı

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1517371

Öz

Endüstri devrimiyle birlikte makine-insan etkileşimi sibernetik çatısı altında günümüzdeki yapay zeka uygulamalarına kadar uzanan bir süreç dahilinde gittikçe önem kazanmaya başlamış ve bu süreçte psikoloji ve diğer bilişsel bilimler felsefe ve yapay zeka alanlarındaki bilinç meselesi gibi çeşitli tartışmalara, çeşitli bulgular üzerine şekillenen yeni kuramsal açılımlar sağlamıştır. Bu süreçte psikoloji ve diğer bilişsel bilimler de insan bellek sistemi üzerindeki araştırmalarda kodlama, saklama, geri getirme süreçleri ve çalışma belleği gibi doğrudan bilgi işleme sistemimizdeki bir hipotetik merkezi yürütücüye bağlı çalışan bellek modalitelerinin deneysel olarak gösterilmesi gibi hususlarda bilgisayar modellemelerinden yararlanmaya başlamışlardır. Ancak, araştırmaların sonuçları, görece daha mekanik ve duyum-temelli işleyen dikkat süreçlerinden farklı olarak, daha üst düzey kodlama ve işlemlemeler içeren bellek süreçlerinin özellikle saklama ve geri getirme işlemlerinin mantığı ve sistem mimarisi bakımından konvansiyonel bilgisayar teknolojilerinden ayrıştığına işaret edegelmektedirler. Bu bağlamda insan bilgi işleme sisteminin kapasite, esneklik ve yaratıcılık avantajı ile klasik anlamdaki bir bilgisayarın dakikliği veya nesnelliğini biraraya getiren yeni bir teknolojinin elde edilmesine dönük çabalar farklı disiplinlerden araştırmacıların ortak bir hedefi olarak yapay zeka (YZ) kavramının oluşmasına ve olgunlaşmasına zemin teşkil etmiş bulunmaktadır. Bu süreçte bilinç tartışmaları bilincin işlevsel özellikleri üzerinden yeniden tanımlandığı bir yöne doğru evrilirken bu işlevsellik üzerinde düzenleyici bir etken olarak bulunan temel duygusal/heyecansal mekanizmaların rolü, bilinç tartışmalarında geri planda kalma riski taşımaktadır. Mevcut çalışma, yapay zekâ çalışmaları bağlamında, bilincin duygusal temellerini de vurgulayarak gerçek anlamıyla bütünsel olarak bilinçli bir yapay zekanın olamayacağı hakkında genel bir değerlendirme ve tartışma sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Yapay Zeka, Bilinç, Bilişsel Bilimler, Duygusal Sistemler, Empati

Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness: An Evaluation on Semantic and Emotional Dimensions

Öz

With the industrial revolution, machine-human interaction has become increasingly important under the umbrella of cybernetics in a process that extends to today's artificial intelligence applications, and in this process, psychology and other cognitive sciences have provided new theoretical expansions shaped on empirical findings to various debates in the fields of philosophy and artificial intelligence, such as the issue of consciousness. In this process, psychology and other cognitive sciences have also begun to make use of computer modeling in research on the human memory system, such as encoding, storage, and retrieval processes, and the experimental demonstration of memory modalities, such as working memory, that directly depends on a hypothetical central executive in our information processing system. However, the results of the research have always pointed out that, unlike relatively more mechanistic and sensation-based attentional processes, memory processes involving higher-level encoding and processing differ from conventional computer technologies, especially in terms of the logic and system architecture of storage and retrieval operations In this context, efforts to achieve a new technology that combines the capacity, flexibility, and creativity advantages of a human information processing system with the punctuality or objectivity of a computer in the classical sense have laid the groundwork for the formation and maturation of the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) as a common goal of researchers from different disciplines. In this process, discussions on consciousness have evolved in a direction where consciousness is redefined in terms of its functional properties. At the same time, the role of basic excitatory mechanisms as a regulating factor on this functionality has the risk of remaining in the background in discussions on consciousness. In the context of artificial intelligence studies, the current study also emphasizes the emotional foundations of consciousness, providing a general assessment and discussion about the inability to be a genuinely conscious AI.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artifical Intelligince, Consciousness, Cognitive Sciences, Emotional Systems, Empathy

Kaynakça

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