The İnfluence of Political and Psychological Factors on Women’s Right to Education

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 682 - 696, 01.07.2024

Şenay Guliyeva

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1298445

Öz

This descriptive study, which consists of three main headings, focused on the obstacles encountered, proposals of international organizations for solutions and the right of women to education. Social, economic, political, as well as psychological factors influencing this process were analyzed based on the related literature. In the past, men tended to be more educated than women, but in recent decades the gender gap in education has been reversed in most Western countries even in many non-western countries. However, in a number of countries, women are still experiencing difficulties in terms of accessing the facilities for getting education. Among the countries in which this problem is most often observed, some countries stand out in particular. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Congo, Cameron, India, Nepal are among the countries where this problem is more experienced. Based on the collected data, the following main conclusions were identified: a) poverty, b) gender-based stereotypical ideas and approaches, c) cultural values and the lack of education has an impact on the education of women and their involvement in the educational process. Based on these findings the following proposals are recorded: a) Programs on reduction and eradication of poverty should be provided and materials for education should be accessible to women, b) Conducting studies with parents and community adults in society that involve encouraging them to accept equality between men and women according to gender stereotypes, c) Providing countries with basic literacy programs for women, d) Promoting awareness campaign on the importance of women’s education, e) Overcoming barriers to schooling. For elimination of problems in this direction in Turkey, a number of campaigns are implemented with the participation of the Ministry of Education (MoNE), UNICEF, UNESCO, ILO, civil society, media, private sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Women, Education, Gender, Women’s Education, Factors

Kadınların Eğitim Hakkı Üzerinde Politik ve Psikolojik Faktörlerin Etkisi

Öz

Bu betimleyici makale üç ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, kadının eğitim alma hakkı, bu sürece etki eden sosyal, ekonomik, siyasal ve psikolojik faktörler, bu konuda yayınlanan makaleler temel alınarak analiz edilmiş, karşılaşılan engeller ve bunların çözümlerine dair uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşların önerileri vurgulanmıştır. Geçmişte eğitimli olma hali kadınlara oranla erkeklerde daha yüksek olsa da, son yıllarda batılı ve batılı olmayan birçok ülkede eğitimdeki cinsiyet farkı tam tersi bir eğilim göstermiştir. Ancak, bazı ülkelerde kadınların eğitim alması ile ilgili zorluklar hala devam etmektedir. Bu sorunun en çok görüldüğü ülkeler arasında birkaçı özellikle dikkat çekmektedir: Afganistan, Pakistan, Kongo, Kamerun, Hindistan, Nepal’de problem daha belirgin bir şekilde kendini göstermektedir. Toplanan literatür kaynaklarına istinaden aşağıdaki temel sonuçlara varılmıştır: a) yoksulluk, b) toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı stereotipler ve buna bağlı yaklaşımlar, c) kültürel değerler, d) eğitim eksikliği kadınların eğitimini ve eğitime katılım sürecini etkilemektedir. Bütün bu faktörlerin etkisi göz önünde bulundurularak aşağıdaki öneriler ileri sürülmüştür, a) Yoksulluğun asgari düzeye indirilmesi ve ortadan kaldırılmasını hedefleyen programların düzenlenmesi ve kadınların eğitime kolay erişebilmelerinin sağlanması, b) Ebeveynler ve toplumdaki yetişkinlerle beraber çalışarak, toplumsal cinsiyet stereotiplerine karşı kadın-erkek eşitliğini kabul etmeye yönelik teşvikini hedefleyen çalışmaların yürütülmesi, c) Devlet tarafından kadınlar için temel eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi, d) Kadınların eğitim almasının önemi konusunda bir bilinçlendirme kampanyasının yürütülmesi, e) Eğitimin önündeki engellerin kaldırılması vb. Türkiye'de bu yönde sorunların ortadan kaldırılması için Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, UNICEF, UNESCO, ILO, sivil toplum kuruluşları, medya, özel sektör vb. kurum ve kuruluşların katılımıyla birçok kampanya gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın, Eğitim, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadınların Eğitimi, Faktörler

Kaynakça

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