A Perspective on the Banking Sector with Deep Learning Method: Prediction of BIST Banking Index Movements

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1277 - 1291, 30.09.2024

Nazif Ayyıldız

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1451709

Öz

Banks, the fundamental players in the financial system, play a crucial role in ensuring the healthy functioning of the economy. Bank indices are generally considered indicators of economic health, reflecting the performance of a country's financial sector. The BIST Bank Index, comprising leading bank stocks in Türkiye, represents the performance of the banking sector. On the other hand, predicting stock prices is often a complex issue influenced by various and variable factors. In addition to traditional methods such as fundamental and technical analysis used for forecasting in financial markets, numerous machine learning methods have been developed in recent years. Machine learning methods can effectively handle the non-linear and non-stationary characteristics of financial series, providing accurate predictions. Particularly, the deep learning method has gained prominence in prediction applications by efficiently processing large datasets and identifying non-linear relationships with high accuracy. The aim of this study is to predict the directional movements of the BIST Bank Index, which includes the leading bank stocks in Türkiye, using the deep learning method. The analysis incorporates weekly closing values of the BIST Bank Index from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2023, along with weekly data on deposit and loan interest rates, overnight interest rates, deposit and loan volumes, total assets of the banking sector, exchange rates (USD and Euro), and BIST 100 index closing values. A total of 574 weeks of data were obtained for each input variable, resulting in the utilization of 5,740 financial data points in the analysis. The analysis revealed that the directional movements of the BIST Bank Index were predicted with an accuracy of 88.70% using the deep learning method. These findings demonstrate that the deep learning method can be effectively employed to predict the directional movements of bank indices with a certain level of accuracy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Markets, Banks, BIST Bank Index, Deep Learning, Classification

Bankacılık Sektörüne Derin Öğrenme Yöntemiyle Bakış: BİST Banka Endeksi Hareket Yönlerinin Tahmini

Öz

Finansal sistemdeki temel oyuncular olan bankalar, ekonominin sağlıklı işlemesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Banka endeksleri ise, genellikle bir ülkenin finansal sektöründeki performansı yansıtarak ekonomik sağlığın bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. BIST Banka Endeksi, Türkiye'nin önde gelen banka hisselerini içeren bir endeks olup, bankacılık sektörünün performansını temsil etmektedir. Diğer yandan, hisse senedi fiyatlarının tahmin edilebilirliği, genellikle karmaşık ve değişken faktörlerle etkilenen bir konudur. Finansal piyasalarda tahmin amacıyla kullanılan temel analiz ve teknik analiz gibi geleneksel yöntemlere ek olarak, son dönemde çok sayıda makine öğrenimi yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Makine öğrenimi yöntemleri, finansal serilerin doğrusal ve durağan olmayan özelliklerini ele alarak doğru tahminler yapabilmektedir. Tahmin uygulamalarındaki başarısı ile ön plana çıkan derin öğrenme yöntemi ise, büyük veri setlerini etkili bir şekilde işleyerek doğrusal olmayan ilişkileri belirlemekte ve yüksek doğrulukla çıkarım yapabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin önde gelen banka hisselerini içeren BIST Banka Endeksi’nin hareket yönlerinin derin öğrenme yöntemi ile tahmin edilmesidir. Analizde, BIST Banka Endeksi'nin 01.01.2013-31.12.2023 dönemindeki haftalık kapanış değerleriyle birlikte, yine haftalık bazda elde edilen mevduat ve kredi faiz oranları, gecelik faiz oranları, mevduat ve kredi hacimleri, bankacılık sektörü aktif toplamı, döviz kurları (Dolar ve Euro) ve BIST 100 endeksi kapanış değerleri girdi verisi olarak kullanılmıştır. Her bir girdi değişkeni için 574 haftalık veri elde edilmiş olup toplam 5.740 adet veri analizde kullanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda, derin öğrenme yöntemi ile BIST Banka Endeksi’nin hareket yönleri %88,70 doğrulukta tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, derin öğrenme yöntemi kullanılarak banka endeks hareket yönlerinin belirli bir seviyede doğru tahmin edilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Piyasalar, Bankalar, BIST Banka Endeksi, Derin Öğrenme, Sınıflandırma

Kaynakça

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