Yarı Zamanlı Paradoks: Kadınların Yarı Zamanlı İstihdamındaki Artışı ve Bunun Almanya'nın İşgücü Piyasası Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1725 - 1752, 30.09.2024

Zeynep Özmen Bol

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1503787

Öz

Almanya'da kadınlar %76,6'lık bir istihdam oranına rağmen, yarı zamanlı çalışma, üst düzey yönetimde yetersiz temsil ve ücret farkları gibi önemli sorunlar devam etmektedir. Bu makale, 2000-2022 yılları arasındaki Alman İstatistik Ofisi verilerini kullanarak, kadınlar arasında yarı zamanlı çalışmanın artışını ve bunun sonuçlarını incelemektedir. Makale, ekonomik koşullar, iş ve aile yaşamını uzlaştırma ihtiyacı ve yasal düzenlemeler nedeniyle sağlık ve eğitim gibi kadınların yoğun olduğu sektörlerde yarı zamanlı çalışmanın yaygın olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, kadınların daha düşük ücretlerle ve sınırlı kariyer fırsatlarıyla karşılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. İş ve aile sorumluluklarını dengeleme gerekliliği, kadınların kariyer gelişimini engelleyerek iş performanslarını ve işyerine bağlılıklarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu dinamikler, işgücü piyasasında cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin devam etmesine katkıda bulunmakta ve kadınların işyerinde tam potansiyellerini gerçekleştirmelerini engellemektedir. Bu makalenin literatüre katkısı, Almanya işgücü piyasasında yarı zamanlı çalışma ve cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri arasındaki karmaşık ilişkinin detaylı bir analizini sunmasıdır. 2019'da yürürlüğe giren Geçici Yarı Zamanlı Çalışma Yasası gibi yasal düzenlemelerin, yarı zamanlı çalışmanın kadınlar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini nasıl hafifletebileceğine dair değerli içgörüler sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın özgünlüğü, uzun bir dönemi kapsayan geniş veri analizi ve yarı zamanlı çalışmanın sosyo-ekonomik dinamikleri, yasal çerçevesi ve cinsiyet eşitliği üzerindeki etkisinin kapsamlı bir incelemesinde yatmaktadır. Bu meselelerin ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlayarak, kadınların işgücü piyasasında karşılaştıkları devam eden zorlukları vurgulamakta ve cinsiyet eşitliğini teşvik etmek için potansiyel politika müdahaleleri önermektedir. Bu makale, kadınların kariyer ilerlemesini desteklemek ve yarı zamanlı çalışmanın olumsuz etkilerini hafifletmek için hedeflenmiş önlemlere duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamakta ve böylece daha adil bir işgücü piyasasına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği, Part-Time Çalışma, İşgücü Piyasası, Kariyer Gelişimi, Sosyo-Ekonomik Dinamikler

Part-Time Paradox: The Rise of Female Part-Time Employment and Its Impacts on Germany's Labor Market

Öz

Despite an employment rate of 76.6% for women in Germany, significant issues persist with regard to the labour market situation of women in the country. These include the prevalence of part-time work, the under-representation of women in senior management positions and the existence of pay gaps. This article employs data from the German Statistical Office spanning the period from 2000 to 2022 to examine the growth in part-time employment among women and its ramifications. The paper demonstrates that part-time work is a prevalent phenomenon in female-dominated sectors such as health and education. This is driven by a combination of economic conditions, the necessity to reconcile work and family life, and legal regulations. This situation consequently results in women facing lower remuneration and constrained career prospects. The necessity to balance work and family responsibilities represents a significant challenge for women, impeding their career development and negatively impacting their job performance and workplace commitment. These dynamics serve to perpetuate gender inequalities in the labour market, thereby preventing women from realising their full potential at work. This article makes a significant contribution to the existing literature on the relationship between part-time work and gender inequalities in the German labour market by providing a detailed analysis of this complex relationship. The article offers valuable insights into the potential of legal regulations, such as the Temporary Part-Time Work Act enacted in 2019, to alleviate the adverse effects of part-time work on women. The research is distinctive in its comprehensive examination of the socio-economic dynamics of part-time work, its legal framework, and its impact on gender equality, based on an extensive data analysis conducted over an extended period. By offering a detailed and nuanced understanding of these issues, the study draws attention to the ongoing challenges women face in the labour market and suggests potential policy interventions to promote gender equality. This article emphasises the necessity for targeted measures to facilitate women's career progression and offset the adverse consequences of part-time employment, thereby contributing to a more equitable labour market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gender Inequality, Part-Time Employment, Labour Market, Career Development, Socio-Economic Dynamics

Kaynakça

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