A STUDY ON THE COMPARISON OF MOSES MENDELSSOHN AND MARTIN LUTHER

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 554 - 570, 02.07.2014

Seda Özmen

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.49227

Öz

German Jewish Philosopher Mendelssohn, who lived in the 18th century developing a vision for the modernization of jewish religious, ushered in a new age in European Jewish History. Seen as an obstacle to Mendelssohn’s modernization criticized religious authority and literature which it is based. For his reason, has been claimed that Mendelssohn and his movement separated from the line of traditional Judaism has taken a reformist character and have compared some people also like Heinrich Heine Mendelssohn to Luther, who started Christian reform movement. The study while taking care of the two figure's similar aspects in point of attitudes towards religious authority and the emphasis on the Bible, by not neglecting to important differences is trying to reveal how accurate such a comparison to be made between two figures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mendelssohn; Luther; religious authority; Bible; reform

MOSES MENDELSSOHN VE MARTİN LUTHER’İN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASINA DAİR BİR İNCELEME

Öz

18. yüzyılda yaşayan Alman Yahudi filozof Moses Mendelssohn Yahudi dinine yönelik bir modernizasyon görüşü geliştirerek, Avrupa Yahudi tarihinde yeni bir dönem başlatmıştır. Mendelssohn modernizasyonu önünde engel olarak gördüğü dini otorite ve onun dayandığı dini literatüre yönelik eleştirilerde bulunmuştur. Bu sebeple Mendelssohn ve hareketinin geleneksel Yahudilik çizgisinden ayrılarak reformist bir karaktere büründüğü iddia edilmiş ve Heinrich Heine gibi bazıları da Mendelssohn’u Hıristiyan reform hareketini başlatan Martin Luther’e benzetmiştir. Çalışma, dini otoriteye karşı sergilenen tutum ve Kutsal Kitab’a yapılan vurgu noktasında iki şahsiyetin benzer yönlerine dikkat çekerken, önemli farklılıkları da ihmal etmeyerek böyle bir karşılaştırmanın ne derece isabetli olduğunu ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mendelssohn; Luther; dini otorite; Kutsal Kitap; reform

Kaynakça

• Allerhand, Jacob, Das Judentum in der Aufklarung, Stuttgard: Friedrich FrommannVerlag, 1980.
• Altmann, Alexander, Moses Mendelssohn: a Biographical Study, USA: Alabama University Pres, 1973.
• Badt-Strauss, Bertha, Moses Mendelsohn-Zeugnisse Briefe Gesprache, Berlin: Der Heine-Bund, 1929.
• Bainton, H. Roland, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2009.
• Beiser, C. Frederick, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte, Harvard University Press, 1987.
• Dubnow, Simon, Jüdische Geschichte für Kinder Erzahlt, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck-Ruprecht Gmbh, 2013.
• Elon, Amos, Çöküşe Tırmanış, çev.: Dani Altaras, İstanbul: Gözlem yay., 2005.
• Freudenthal, Gideon, “Moses Mendelssohn: Iconoclast”, Moses Mendelssohn's Metaphysics and Aesthetics, (ed.) Reinier Munk, Springer Science-Business Media B.V., 2011, s. 351–373.
• Green, Kenneth Hart, “M. Mendelssohn’s Opposition to the Herem: The First Step Toward denominationalism?”, Modern Judaism,12 (1992), 39–60.
• Heine, Heinrich, Religion and Philosophy in Germany, Boston: Beacon Press, 1959.
• Levenson, T. Alan, The Making of the Modern Jewish Bible, United Kingdom: Rowman –Littlefield Publishing, 2011.
• Mendelssohn, Moses, Gesammelte Schriften (G.S.), c.I-VII, Leipzig: 1843–1845.
• Mendes-Flohr, Paul ve Jehuda Reinharz, The Jew in the Modern World, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
• Nador, Georg, Moses Mendelssohn, Wolfenbüttel: Grenzland –Druckerei Rock-Co., 1969.
• Olgun, Hakan, Luther ve Reformu: Katolisizmi Protesto, Ankara: Fecr Yay., 2001.
• Olgun, Hakan, Sekülerliğin Teolojik Kurgusu Protestanlık, İstanbul: İz yay., , 2006.
• Schmid, Doris, Moses Mendelssohn, Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH, 2003.
• Schmidt, Hartmut, “Moses Mendelssohn Versuch einer Bibelübersetzung für Jüdische und auch christliche Leser”, Sprache und Sprachen in Berlin um 1800, (ed.) Ute Tintemann, Jürgen Trabant, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2004, s. 65–77.
• Schulte, Christoph, Die Jüdische Aufklarung, München: Verlag C.H.Beck, 2002.
• Scott, John, Luther and the Lutheran Reformation, London: Published by R.B.Seeley and W.Burnside, 1832, c.I.
• Sorkin, David, Moses Mendelssohn and the Religious Enlightenment, London: Peter Halban Publishers, 1996.
• Stork, Theophilus, The Life of Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany, Philadelphia: Lindsay-Blakiston, 1854.
• Storm, Jill Anita, Culture and Exchange: The Jews of Königsberg 1700–1820, Doktora Tezi, Washington University, 2010.