Stıdent Profiles in Pakistan Madrassas with respect to Socio-Economic Level and Conception of the World

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 174 - 185, 08.04.2015

M. Pakdemirli

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.61085

Öz

In this work, previous research on socio-economic level and conception of the world of student profiles in Pakistan Madrassas has been reviewed. Speculations are made as these students are poor or orphan and choose Madrassas for shelter, are against the modern way of living and modern education system. However, objective research which were verified a number of times indicate that the majority of the students come from average level income families.  The students are tolerant and democratic to the changes occurring in the modern world and are respectful to other religions, sects and groups. Although in some madrassas, radical people not accepting modern law, pluralism, diversity and gender equality exist, they do not constitute the majority.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pakistan; Madrassa; Student; Education; Profile

Pakistan’da Medrese Öğrencilerinin Sosyo-Ekonomik Profilleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada Pakistan medreselerindeki öğrencilerin sosyo-ekonomik yapılarına ve dünya görüşlerine yönelik araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Buna göre, medrese öğrencilerinin çoğunluğunun yoksul ve kimsesiz olduğu ve barınma amacıyla medreseyi tercih ettiği,  bu öğrencilerin modern sosyal yaşama ve modern eğitime karşı olumsuz tutum ve davranış sergilediği şeklinde spekülasyonlar mevcuttur. Ancak konuyla ilgili olarak defalarca tekrarlanan tarafsız araştırmalar sonucunda, medrese öğrencilerinin ekseriyetinin orta ekonomik sınıftan geldiği anlaşılmıştır. Modern dünyanın değişimlerine karşı hoşgörülü ve demokrat bir tavır sergileyen bu öğrenciler farklı din, mezhep ve cemaatlere de saygı duymaktadır. Bazı medreselerde, modern hukuk sistemini, çoğulculuğu, farklılığı ve cinsiyet eşitliğini kabul etmeyen radikal eğilimli bireyler ve gruplar da bulunmakla birlikte, bunlar genel eğilimi temsil edecek oranda değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pakistan; Medrese; Öğrenci; Eğitim; Profil

Kaynakça

• Kaynakça
• Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Pakistan Education Statistics 20011-2012, AEPAM Statistics Study No.252, Islamabad: AEPAM, Ministry of Education Publications, 2013.
• Ali, Saleem H., Islam and Education: Conflict and Conformity in Pakistan’s Madrassahs, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2009.
• Andrabi, Tahir ve dğr., "Madrassa Metrics: The Statistics and Rhetoric of Religious Enrollment in Pakistan." Beyond Crisis: Re-evaluating Pakistan, (2010): 1-28.
• ____________________ , “Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan: A Look at the Data”, Comparative Education Review 50-3, (2006): 446-477.
• ____________________ , “The Madrasa Myth”, Foreign Policy, (2009): 1-2.
• Bano, Masooda, “Beyond Politics: The Reality of a Deobandi Madrasa in Pakistan”, Journal of Islamic Studies 18-1, (2007): 43–68.
• ____________________ , The Rational Believer, London: Cornell University Press, 2013.
• Delavande, Adeline ve Basit Zafar, “Stereotypes and Madrassas: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan”, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Report No. 501, New York: Federal Reserve Bank, 2011.
• Fair, C. Christine, “The Enduring Madrasa Myth”, Current History: South Asia 111-744, (2012): 135-140.
• ____________________ , The Madrassah Challenge: Militancy and Religious Education in Pakistan, Lahore: Vanguard Books Press, 2009.
• Hussain, Munawar ve Maria Qureshi, “Madrasah Education in Pakistan: Issues & Its Effects on Education System of Pakistan”, Journal of Educational Research 10-2, (2007): 65-78.
• Institute of Policy Studies, “Pakistan: Religious Education Institutions”, Institute of Policy Studies Task Forse Report, Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 2002.
• Javaid, Umbreen, “Thriving Fundamentalism and Militancy in Pakistan: An Analytical Overview of their Impact on the Society”, South Asian Studies 26-1, (2011): 9-18.
• Malik, S. Jamal, “Islamization in Pakistan 1977-1985 The Ulama and Their Places of Learning”, Islamic Studies 28-1, (1989): 5-28.
• Nayyar, A. H., “Madrasah Education Frozen in Time”, Education and the State: Fifty Years of Pakistan, (ed.) Pervez Hoodbhoy, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1998, s. 230-243.
• Perveen, Shagufta ve Farhana Kazmi, “Personality Dynamics of Boarders and Day Scholars who Belong to Madrassah and Public School”, Academic Research International 1-1, (2011): 157-172.
• Rahman, Tarik, “Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Survey of Students and Teachers at Pakistan’s Urdu and English Language Medium Schools and Madrassas”, Contemporary South Asia 13-3, (2004): 307-326.
• ____________________ , “Denizens of Alien Worlds: A survey of the Education System of Pakistan”, Journal of Islamic Studies 17-2, (2006): 238-243.
• Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed, “Developing Extremist: Madrasah Education in Pakistan”, Development in Asia: Interdisciplinary, Post-Neoliberal and Transnational Perspectives, (ed.) Derrick M. Nault, Florida: Brown Wolker Press, 2009.
• Siddique, Qandeel, “Weapons of Mass Instruction? A Preliminary Exploration of the Link Between Madrassas in Pakistan and Militancy”, FFI-Report 2008/02326, (2008): 1-62.
• Zaidi, Syed Manzar Abbas, “Madrasa Education in Pakistan: Controversies, Challenges and Prospects”, SISA Report No. 3, (2013): 1-34.
• Zia, Rukhsana, “Religion and Education in Pakistan: An Overview”, Prospects 33-2, (2003): 165-178.