Effectiveness of Occupational Health and Safety Practices for Employees in Workplaces: A Meta-Analysis Study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 5, 2237 - 2256, 31.12.2024

Onur Doğan

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1486030

Öz

The use of new machines in production lines due to technological developments makes business ecosystems more complex every day. In parallel with the changes experienced, the diversity and impact level of risks pose serious threats to employees, businesses, and the environment. Ensuring the sustainability of production can be achieved through effective and comprehensive occupational health and safety practices. Risk assessments, checklists and emergency plans are some of these practices. This study is a study conducted to reveal the impact levels of practices aimed at improving occupational health and safety. Meta-analysis method was used in the study. The data used in the analysis were obtained by searching Web of Science, Google Scholar, YÖK (The Council of Higher Education), PubMed, EBSCOhost databases without any time limitation until 31.01.2024. As a result of the comprehensive search, it was determined that 20 studies were suitable for the analysis. These studies were then included in the analysis and synthesized by meta-analysis. As a result of this meta-analysis, it was determined that occupational health and safety practices for employees were effective (SMD: 0.924, 95% CI:-0.494-1.354, Z=4.214, p=0.000, I2= 98.670%, Q=1428.054). The analysis results revealed that the variance between the studies was statistically significant (p<0.05). Additionally, occupational health and safety practices were found to enhance employees' sense of security and productivity, reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases, and make a significant contribution to the development of a safety culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Occupational health and safety, Safety culture, Occupational health and safety practices, Meta-analysis.

İşyerlerinde Çalışanlara Yönelik İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Uygulamalarının Etkinliği: Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması

Öz

Teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak üretim bantlarında yeni makinelerin kullanılması işletme ekosistemlerini her geçen gün daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Yaşanan değişime paralel olarak risklerin çeşitliliği ve etki düzeyi, çalışan, işletme ve çevre için ciddi tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Üretimin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması etkin ve kapsamlı şekilde hazırlanmış iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yönelik uygulamalar ile sağlanabilir. Risk değerlendirmeleri, kontrol listeleri ve acil durum planları bu uygulamalardan bazılarıdır. Bu çalışma, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini geliştirmeye yönelik uygulamaların etki düzeylerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmış bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada meta-analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analizde kullanılan veriler, 31.01.2024 tarihine kadar, Web of Science, Google Scholar, YÖK (Yükseköğretim Kurulu), PubMed, EBSCOhost veri tabanlarında herhangi bir süre sınırlaması yapılmaksızın tarama yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan kapsamlı tarama sonucu analiz kullanılmak üzere 20 araştırmanın uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu çalışmalar analize dahil edilerek meta-analiz ile sentez edilmiştir. Bu meta-analiz sonucunda çalışanlara yönelik, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaların etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir (SMD:0,924, %95 CI:-0,494-1,354, Z=4,214, p=0.000, I2= %98,670, Q=1428,054). Analiz sonuçları, çalışmalar arasındaki varyansın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (p<0.05). Ayrıca, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarının çalışanların güvenlik hissini ve verimliliğini artırdığı, iş kazalarını ve meslek hastalıklarını azalttığı ve iş güvenliği kültürünün gelişimine güçlü bir katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, Güvenlik kültürü, İş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaları, Meta analiz.

Kaynakça

• Almost JM, VanDenKerkhof EG, Strahlendorf P, Caicco Tett L, Noonan J, Hayes T, Van Hulle H, Adam R, Holden J, Kent-Hillis T, McDonald M, Paré GC, Lachhar K, Silva E Silva V. (2018). A study of leading indicators for occupational health and safety management systems in healthcare. BMC Health Serv Res. 23, 18(1), 296. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3103-0.
• Barati Jozan, M.M., Ghorbani, B.D., Khalid, M.S. et al. (2023). Impact assessment of e-trainings in occupational safety and health: a literature review. BMC Public Health, 23,1187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16114-8.
• Bayram, M. (2020). The Effect of Remote Occupational Health and Safety Training Quality on Participants' Satisfaction Perceptions. The Journal of Social Science, 4(7), 110-120. https://Doi.Org/10.30520/Tjsosci.658516.
• Cavazza, N. & Serpe, A. (2010). The impact of safety training programs on workers' psychosocial orientation and behaviour. Revue internationale de psychologie sociale, 23, 187-210. https://www.cairn.info/revue- -2010-2-page-187.htm.
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.tr/
• Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. (2008). Systematic reviews: CRD’s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. University of York, 2008 Published by CRD, University of York: York Publishing Services Ltd, ISBN 978-1-900640-47-3.
• D. Scorgie, Z. Feng, D. Paes, F. Parisi, T.W. Yiu , R. Lovreglio (2024). Virtual Reality for Safety Training: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Safety Science (171), 106372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106372.
• Düzen, E.B. (2008). The Relationship between Occupational Health and Safety Practices and Quality in the Ready-made Clothing Industry, T.R. Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Human Resources Master's Thesis, İzmir.
• Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal, 315(7109), 629.
• Grissom, R. J., & Kim, J. J. (2005). Effect sizes for research: A broad practical approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
• Hargreaves S, Rustage K, Nellums LB, McAlpine A, Pocock N, Devakumar D, Aldridge RW, Abubakar I, Kristensen KL, Himmels JW, Friedland JS, Zimmerman C. (2019). Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 7(7), 872-882. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X (19)30204-9.
• Occupational health and safety (2023). Approximately 3 million people lose their lives due to work accidents and occupational diseases. Access Link: https://www.ilo.org/tr/resource/news/yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1k-3-milyon-ki%C5%9Fi-i%C5%9F- kazalar%C4%B1-ve-meslek-hastal%C4%B1klar%C4%B1-nedeniyle.
• Hutchinson D., Luria G., Pindek S., Spector P. (2022). The Effects Of İndustry Risk Level on Safety Training Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis Of İntervention Studies, Safety Science, (152), 105594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105594
• Kaushik, A., & Jyoti, S. (2017). A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of standard operating procedures on prevention and management of needle stick injury in a teaching hospital of Haryana, India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(11), 3069–3073. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320- 6012.ijrms20151125
• Khashaba E, El-Gilany AH, Denewar K. (2023). Effect of a waste management intervention program on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of nurses and housekeepers: a quasi-experimental study, Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 4, 98(1),15. doi: 10.1186/s42506-023-00140-w.
• Konijn AM, Lay AM, Boot CRL, Smith PM. (2018). The effect of active and passive occupational health and safety (OHS) training on OHS awareness and empowerment to participate in injury prevention among workers in Ontario and British Columbia (Canada), 108, 286–91.
• L. Peng, A.H.S. Chan, (2019). A Meta-Analysis of The Relationship Between Ageing and Occupational Safety and Health, Saf. Sci., 112, 162–172, https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ssci.2018.10.030
• Lapkin, S., Levett-Jones, T., & Gilligan, C. (2014). The effectiveness of web-based interprofessional learning modules on health professional students’ behavioural intentions in relation to medication safety: A quasi- experimental study. Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-Professional Journal, 16(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v16i1.45
• Lary A, Borimnejad L, Mardani-Hamooleh M. (2019). The Impact of a Stress Management Program on the Stress Response of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 33(2), 189-195. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000396.
• Lee, S. E. and Dahinten, V.S. (2023). Evaluating a patient safety course for undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Collegian Journal, Volume 30, Issue 1, 75-83.
• Lovreglio, R. (2020). Virtual and Augmented reality for human behaviour in disasters: a review. In: Fire and Evacuation Modeling Technical Conference (FEMTC) Online Conference.
• The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools Foruse in IBI Systematic Reviews. http://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisal-tools.html, Access Date: 25.03.2024.
• Gerrish, K., & Lacey, A. (2010). The Research Process in Nursing, 79-92, 188-198, 284- 302. London: Wiley- Blackwell.
• Mariam, Akinlolu Temisola, Olalusi, Oladimeji Benedict, Haupt, Theo C. (2021). A Scientometric Review And Meta-Analysis of The Health And Safety of Women İn Construction: Structure and Research Trends, Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, Volume 19, 446-466(21).
• Mohammadfam, I., Kamalinia, M., Momeni, M., Golmohammadi, R., Hamidi, Y., & Soltanian, A. (2017). Evaluation of the quality of occupational health and safety management systems based on key performance indicators in certified organizations. Safety and Health at Work, 8(2), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. shaw.2016.09.001
• Mohammadi M, Vahedian-Sharoodi M, Joghatei Z, Esmaily H, Tehrani H. (2023). Educational intervention based on health action model to promote safe behaviour of hospital service workers. BMC Health Serv Res. 24,23(1),1296. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-10267-3. PMID: 38001435.
• Mohammed Ali Saleh, N., Mahmoud Eldeep, N., & Mohammed Soliman, S. (2023). Effect of Green Management Training Program on Nursing Managers' Perception of Occupational Safety and Green Management Practices. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 14(3), 381-395. doi: 10.21608/ejhc.2023.317241.
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., andAltman, D.G., (2009). PRISMA Group, 2009. Reprint— preferredReportingItemsforSystematicReviewsand Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA statement. PhysicalTherapy, 89, 873-880.
• Navidian A, Navaee M, Kaykha H. (2019). Effectiveness of stress inoculation training on occupational stress of midwives in healthcare centers of Zahedan in Health Transformation Plan in 2017. J Educ Health Promot. 14, 8, 66. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_264_18.
• Othman SY, Hassan NI, Mohamed AM. (2023). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout
• and self-compassion among critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Nurs. 6;22(1), 305. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01466-8.
• Otu A, Okuzu O, Effa E, Ebenso B, Ameh S, Nihalani N, Onwusaka O, Tawose T, Olayinka A, Walley J. (2021). Training health workers at scale in Nigeria to fight COVID-19 using the InStrat COVID-19 tutorial app: an e- health interventional study. Ther Adv Infect Dis, 23,8. doi: 10.1177/20499361211040704.
• Uzun S, Ozmaya E. (2022). The effect of motivational interview conducted by nurses on quality of life: Meta- analysis. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 58(4), 2449-2459. doi: 10.1111/ppc.13080.
• Park, Mijeong, Ok Yeon Cho, and Jeong Sil Choi. (2023). "A Pilot Study to Examine the Effects of a Workplace Cyberbullying Cognitive Rehearsal Mobile Learning Program for Head Nurses: A Quasi-Experimental Study" Healthcare 11, no. 14: 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142041.
• Ricci, F., Chiesi, A., Bisio, C., Panari, C., & Pelosi, A. (2016). Effectiveness Of Occupational Health and Safety Training: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal Of Workplace Learning, 28, 355-377. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1108/JWL-11-2015-0087
• S. Väyrynen, K. Hakkinen, T. Niskanen. (2015). Integrated Occupational Safety and Healt Management Solutions and Industrial Cases Springer, Switzerland, 7-15.
• Sarbaz M, Kimiafar K, Taherzadeh Z, Naderi H, Eslami S. (2016). Effect of modifying the information and
• training structure on the occupational safety of health care workers in exposure to blood and body fluids: A quasi-experimental study. Am J Infect Control, 1;45(1), 80-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.05.023.
• Sahmaran, T., & Kar, H. (2023). The Effect of Occupational Health and Safety Training Given to Hospital Personnel on their Knowledge Levels. Journal of Inönü University Vocational School of Health Services, 11(2), 1524-1537. https://Doi.Org/10.33715/İnonusaglik.1168180
• Şen, A. (2019). Development And Application of Safety Culture Matrıx for Underground Metal Mınes And Comparıson of two Companıes, A Thesıs Submıtted To The Graduate School Of Natural And Applıed Scıences Of Mıddle East Technıcal Unıversıty, Master of Science Thesis, Ankara.
• Tufanaru, C., Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Campbell, J., and Hopp, L. (2017). Chapter 3: Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute.
• Wang H, Fennie K, He G, Burgess J, Williams AB. (2003). A training programme for prevention of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens: impact on knowledge, behaviour and incidence of needle stick injuries among student nurses in Changsha, People's Republic of China. J Adv Nurs, 41(2), 187-94. doi: 10.1046/j.1365- 2648.2003.02519.x.
• Wong K, Chan AHS, Ngan SC. (2019). The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(12), 2102. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16122102. PMID: 31200573.
• Yıldırım, M. (2020). The Effect of Employee Health and Safety Improvement Program on Employees' Perception of Health Behaviours and Safety Culture. T.R. Dokuz Eylül University Health Sciences Institute, Doctoral Thesis, İzmir.
• Z.A., V.A. Gonzalez, R. Amor, R. Lovreglio, G. Cabrera-Guerrero.(2018).Immersive virtual reality serious games for evacuation training and research: A systematic literature review Comput. Educ., (127), 252-266. 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.002