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A New Historicist Perspective on the Transformation in Perception of Cultural Heritage in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 5, 1920 - 1932
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1522013

Öz

Alice Walker is one of the pioneering writers stressing the discrimination against African Americans living in the Southern part of America. Since her mother worked as a maid in the houses of the whites for more than four decades, Walker endured the hardships of unequal and inhumane attitudes of the whites against colored people. She participated in the Civil Rights Movement to protest black oppression and segregation. In her short story, Everyday Use, she carefully organizes the scenario to describe two subsequent generations of oppressed black women and the ways they react to the difficulties dictated to them. Like Walker’s mother, Mama internalizes the dictations of the whites and keeps a submissive lifestyle. However, she keeps her bond with her African roots by appreciating her cultural heritage. She is illiterate colored people are discouraged from education by white authorities. Unlike her submissive mother, Dee, goes to university and constructs a kind of awareness related to the equal rights of African Americans. While visiting her family, she prefers a pan-African point of view to stress her African roots, which was the motto of the Civil Rights Movement. She rejects the dictations and discrimination against the colored people. She demands some objects from her mother including the quilts containing some pieces of the clothes of their relatives, the churn top, and the dasher to show off in her house. This article aims to reveal the transformation of cultural heritage to superficial material culture for subsequent generations, represented by Mama and Dee by new historicist literary theory. This theory will be useful in shedding light on the historical background of the time implied in the story. The possible reasons for the change in the perception of cultural heritage will be analyzed by a new historicist reading of the story.

Kaynakça

  • Barnard, Alan. (2002). Jonathan Spencer, eds. "Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. " Routledge.
  • Barry, Peter. (1995). "Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. " Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Cowart, David. (1996). "Heritage and Deracination in Walker's" Everyday Use"." Studies in Short Fiction 33, 171- 184.
  • Edis, Zeki. (2019). "History of Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws", International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, (Issn:2630-631X) 5(26): 2026-2041.
  • Elmore, Raheem Terrell Rashawn. Cultural Trauma's Influence on Representations of African American Identity in Alice Walker's" Everyday Use". (2019). PhD Thesis. University of Dayton.
  • Hanafy, Iman Adawy Ahmed. 2010. "Cultures in Conflict: An Interpretation of Alice Walker's" Everyday Use." Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences 37.2
  • Heersmink, Richard. 2018. "The narrative self, distributed memory, and evocative objects. " Philosophical Studies 175, 1829–1849.
  • Hier, Sean P. 2004. "Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity (review)." The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 29 (2), 317-318.
  • Howard, Cincotta. (2004). An Outline of American History. United States Information Agency.
  • Morin, Alice. 2018. "The Fashion of the 1960s. A New Power Shaping the American Image." USAbroad–Journal of American History and Politics 1 (1). 1-13.
  • Myers, D. G. 1989. "The New Historicism in Literary Study". Academic Questions, 27-36.
  • Petrelli, Daniela, Whittaker Steve, Brockmeier Jens. 2008. "AutoTopography: what can physical mementos tell us about digital memories?" In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems. 53-62.
  • Tajfel, Henri. 1970. "Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American", 223(5), 96-103.
  • Tuten, Nancy. 1993. "Alice Walker's “Everyday Use”." The Explicator 51 (2), 125-128.
  • Vargas, Marry. 2009. "Fashion statement or political statement: The use of fashion to express black pride during the civil rights and black power movements of the 1960s."Undergraduate Review, 5(1), 95-99.
  • Walker, Alice. 1994. "Everyday Use". Edited by Barbara Christian, Rutgers University Press.
  • O’Connor, Flannery. 1977. "A good man is hard to find and other stories." San Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Zinkel, Benjamin. 2019. Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation. J. Disp. Resol., 229-255.

Alice Walker'ın Gündelik Kullanım’ında Kültürel Miras Algısındaki Dönüşüme Yeni Tarihselci Bir Bakış

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 5, 1920 - 1932
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1522013

Öz

Alice Walker, Amerika'nın güneyinde yaşayan Afrikalı Amerikalılara yönelik ayrımcılığı vurgulayan öncü yazarlardan biridir. Annesi kırk yılı aşkın bir süre beyazların evlerinde hizmetçi olarak çalıştığı için, Walker, beyazların siyahlara karşı eşitsiz ve insanlık dışı tutumlarından kaynaklanan zorluklara katlandı. Üniversite yıllarında, siyahilere yönelik baskı ve ayrımcılığı protesto etmek için Sivil Haklar Hareketi'ne katıldı. Günlük Kullanım adlı kısa öyküsünde, ezilen siyahi kadınların ard arda iki ayrı neslini ve bu nesillerin kendilerine dikte edilen zorluklara nasıl tepki verdiklerini anlatmak için kurgusunu dikkatli bir biçimde organize eder. Tıpkı Alice Walker'ın annesi gibi, kısa öyküdeki Mama da beyazların dayatmalarını içselleştirir ve itaatkâr bir yaşam tarzı benimser. Mama, okuryazar değildir çünkü o dönem beyaz otorite, siyahilerin eğitim hakkını engellemiştir. Bununla birlikte, sahip olduğu kültürel mirasın kıymetini bilerek, Afrikalı kökleriyle bağını korur. Dee, itaatkâr annesinin aksine üniversiteye gider ve Afrikalı Amerikalıların beyazlarla eşit haklara sahip olmaları gerektiğine dair bir tür farkındalığa sahip olur. Ailesini ziyaret ederken, Afrikalı köklerini vurgulamak için Sivil Haklar Hareketi'nin popüler görüşlerinden olan pan-Afrikanist bakış açısını tercih eder. Yeni tarzı ve bakış açısıyla, siyahilere yönelik dikte ve ayrımcılığı reddeder. Annesinden, evinde sergilemek üzere, akrabalarının kıyafetlerinin bazı parçalarını içeren yorganlar, yayık başlığı ve keser de dahil olmak üzere bazı nesneler talep eder. Bu makale, Mama ve Dee tarafından temsil edilen iki neslin farklı yaklaşımlarının, kültürel mirasın sonraki nesiller için yüzeysel maddi kültüre dönüşme nedenlerini, yeni tarihselci edebiyat teorisi ile ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu teori, öyküde ima edilen dönemin tarihsel arka planına ışık tutmak açısından faydalı olacaktır. Kültürel miras algısındaki değişimin olası nedenleri, öykünün yeni tarihselci bir okuması ile analiz edilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Barnard, Alan. (2002). Jonathan Spencer, eds. "Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. " Routledge.
  • Barry, Peter. (1995). "Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. " Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Cowart, David. (1996). "Heritage and Deracination in Walker's" Everyday Use"." Studies in Short Fiction 33, 171- 184.
  • Edis, Zeki. (2019). "History of Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws", International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, (Issn:2630-631X) 5(26): 2026-2041.
  • Elmore, Raheem Terrell Rashawn. Cultural Trauma's Influence on Representations of African American Identity in Alice Walker's" Everyday Use". (2019). PhD Thesis. University of Dayton.
  • Hanafy, Iman Adawy Ahmed. 2010. "Cultures in Conflict: An Interpretation of Alice Walker's" Everyday Use." Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences 37.2
  • Heersmink, Richard. 2018. "The narrative self, distributed memory, and evocative objects. " Philosophical Studies 175, 1829–1849.
  • Hier, Sean P. 2004. "Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity (review)." The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 29 (2), 317-318.
  • Howard, Cincotta. (2004). An Outline of American History. United States Information Agency.
  • Morin, Alice. 2018. "The Fashion of the 1960s. A New Power Shaping the American Image." USAbroad–Journal of American History and Politics 1 (1). 1-13.
  • Myers, D. G. 1989. "The New Historicism in Literary Study". Academic Questions, 27-36.
  • Petrelli, Daniela, Whittaker Steve, Brockmeier Jens. 2008. "AutoTopography: what can physical mementos tell us about digital memories?" In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems. 53-62.
  • Tajfel, Henri. 1970. "Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American", 223(5), 96-103.
  • Tuten, Nancy. 1993. "Alice Walker's “Everyday Use”." The Explicator 51 (2), 125-128.
  • Vargas, Marry. 2009. "Fashion statement or political statement: The use of fashion to express black pride during the civil rights and black power movements of the 1960s."Undergraduate Review, 5(1), 95-99.
  • Walker, Alice. 1994. "Everyday Use". Edited by Barbara Christian, Rutgers University Press.
  • O’Connor, Flannery. 1977. "A good man is hard to find and other stories." San Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Zinkel, Benjamin. 2019. Apartheid and Jim Crow: Drawing Lessons from South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation. J. Disp. Resol., 229-255.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Edebiyat Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Ulucan 0000-0002-3664-6415

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Ulucan, Ö. (2024). A New Historicist Perspective on the Transformation in Perception of Cultural Heritage in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(5), 1920-1932. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1522013
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.