Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 1453 - 1472, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1602775

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Asik, G. A. (2024). Early Retirement Incentives and Transition into Informality. Labour Economics, 90, 102561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102561
  • Barbosa, L. M., Monteiro, B., & Murta, S. G. (2016). Retirement Adjustment Predictors—A Systematic Review. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw008
  • Bazzana, D. (2020). Ageing Population and Pension System Sustainability: Reforms and Redistributive Implications. Economia Politica, 37(3), 971-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-020-00183-8
  • Bengtsson, M., & Flisbäck, M. (2021). Illuminating Existential Meaning: A New Approach in the Study of Retirement. Qualitative Sociology Review, 17(1), 196-214. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.12
  • Bueno, N. (2022). From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 23(3), 354-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2014). Phenomenon of Working after Retirement and its Relation with Quality of Life in Turkey. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 45-54. DOI: 10.15527/ejre.201426247
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2015). Emeklilik Hazırlık Programlarının, Emeklilerin Yaşam Kalitelerini Geliştirmedeki Rolünün Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 223-232.
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 20-31.
  • Çınay, M. K. (2023). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Yaşı Sonrası Çalışma: Yaşam Seyri Yaklaşımından Niteliksel bir Analiz. REFLEKTİF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2023.107
  • De La Peña, J. I., Fernández-Ramos, M. C., & Garayeta, A. (2021). Cost-Free LTC Model Incorporated into Private Pension Schemes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052268
  • de São José, J., Timonen, V., Amado, C., & Santos, S. (2019). From ‘Active’ to ‘Capable’: A Capability Framework for Policy and Practice on Ageing and Later Life. Social Policy and the Capability Approach içinde (s. 41-60). Policy Press.
  • Durmaz, S. H., & Canatan, A. (2024). Emekli Subayların Emeklilik ve Yaşlılık Dönemine İlişkin Algıları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1404231
  • Elveren, A. Y. (2013). A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in Turkey from a Gender Equality Perspective. Women's Studies International Forum, 41, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.04.003
  • Erdem Karahanoğlu, G. (2020). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Geçişi Etkileyen Faktörler. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 100-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider
  • Erdoğmuş, F. (2022). Bir Kamu Politikası Olarak Sosyal Güvenlik Temelinde Emeklilik. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1123416
  • Gopinath, M. (2018). Thinking About Later Life: Insights from the Capability Approach. Ageing International, 43, 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Hart, A., Bowman, D., & Mallett, S. (2020). Scheduling Longer Working Lives for Older Aged Care Workers: A Time and Income Capability Approach. Time & Society, 29(4), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X20914099
  • Henning, G., Stenling, A., Bielak, A. A., Bjälkebring, P., Gow, A. J., Kivi, M., ... & Lindwall, M. (2021). Towards an Active and Happy Retirement? Changes in Leisure Activity and Depressive Symptoms during the Retirement Transition. Aging & Mental Health, 25(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1709156
  • Hinrichs, K. (2021). Recent Pension Reforms in Europe: More Challenges, New Directions. an Overview. Social Policy & Administration, 55(3), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Ilmakunnas, P., & Ilmakunnas, S. (2018). Health and Retirement Age: Comparison of Expectations and Actual Retirement. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 46(19_suppl), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817748295
  • İpek, C. (2017). Emeklilik Hayatında Uyum Sorunu ve Emeklilik Eğitimi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 60-72.
  • Kayhan, F. (2022). Financing Sustainable Development in an Emerging Economy: The Private Pension System in Turkey. Disruptive Technologies and Eco-Innovation for Sustainable Development içinde (s. 56-68). IGI Global.
  • Kojola, E., & Moen, P. (2016). No More Lock-Step Retirement: Boomers’ Shifting Meanings of Work and Retirement. Journal of Aging Studies, 36, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2015.12.003
  • Jecker, S. N. (2023). The Dignity of Work: An Ethical Argument against Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Social Philosophy, 54(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12471
  • Johansson, B., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Praetorius Björk, M., Brehmer, Y., Buratti, S., ... & Elena Zulka, L. (2022). Capability in Research on Cognition and Well-being in Ageing and Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde 65-80.
  • Meijering, L., van Hoven, B., & Yousefzadeh, S. (2019). I Think I'm Better at it Myself: The Capability Approach and Being Independent in Later Life. Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 7(1), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2019.3678
  • Meral, H., & Arıcan, E. (2020). Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Otomatik Katılım: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.688280
  • Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2023. Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024 https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/article/industry-research/mercer-cfa-insitute-global-pension-index-2023.pdf
  • Nam, Y., & Loibl, C. (2021). Financial Capability and Financial Planning at the Verge of Retirement Age. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09699-4
  • Nikou, S., Agahari, W., Keijzer-Broers, W., & de Reuver, M. (2020). Digital Healthcare Technology Adoption by Elderly People: A Capability Approach Model. Telematics and Informatics, 53, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101315
  • OECD (2017). Flexible Retirement in OECD Countries. Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators içinde (s. 41-83). Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2024 www.oecd-ilibrary.org/flexible-retirement-in-oecd-countries_5jfjdfvtg7zx.pdf
  • OECD (2023). Pensions at a Glance 2023: OECD and G20 Indicators. Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2024 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pensions-at-a-glance-2023_678055dd-en.html
  • Oude Mulders, J. (2019). Attitudes About Working Beyond Normal Retirement Age: The Role of Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 31(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2018.1563473
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Yönelik Tutumların Değerlendirilmesi. İş Yazıları Dergisi, 7, 43-56.
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B., Yalçın, B., Arslan Özdemir, E. & Özmete, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinin 65 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Ekonomik Durumuna Etkisi. Bireyden Devlete Küresel Salgın içinde (s. 153-177). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Principi, A., Santini, S., Socci, M., Smeaton, D., Cahill, K. E., Vegeris, S., & Barnes, H. (2018). Retirement Plans and Active Ageing: Perspectives in Three Countries. Ageing & Society, 38(1), 56-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000866
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266
  • Şahin, H., & Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online, 11(4), 1053-1065.
  • Sarıca, A. O. (2019). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Sistemlerinin Yaşlı Yoksulluğu ve Emekli Yoksulluğu Üzerine Etkisi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 477-498. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658919
  • Schmidthuber, L., Fechter, C., Schröder, H., & Hess, M. (2021). Active Ageing Policies and Delaying Retirement: Comparing Work-Retirement Transitions in Austria and Germany. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 37(2), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2021.1
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163
  • Sohier, L., Van Ootegem, L., & Verhofstadt, E. (2021). Well-Being during the Transition from Work to Retirement. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00228-6
  • Solem, P. E., Syse, A., Furunes, T., Mykletun, R. J., De Lange, A., Schaufeli, W., & Ilmarinen, J. (2016). To Leave or Not to Leave: Retirement Intentions and Retirement Behaviour. Ageing & Society, 36(2), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14001135
  • Stephens, T. C. (2023). The Quality of Work (Qow): Towards a Capability Theory. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 24(3), 309-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
  • Stephens, C., Breheny, M., & Mansvelt, J. (2015). Healthy Ageing from the Perspective of Older People: A Capability Approach to Resilience. Psychology & Health, 30(6), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.904862
  • Şen, Y. F. (2015). Emeklilik Döneminde Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir Çözüm Önerisi: İkinci İşe Hazırlık Eğitimi ve Emeklilik Kulüpleri. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, (64), 313-334.
  • Tanskanen, A. O., Danielsbacka, M., Hämäläinen, H., & Solé-Auró, A. (2021). Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence from Europe. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738117
  • Tekin, N., Parlar, F. M., & Ercan, Ö. (2020). Emekli Bireylerin bir Serbest Zaman Etkinliği Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitelere Dair Görüşleri: Türkiye’nin En Yaşlı ve Mutlu İli Sinop Örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.719626
  • Tur-Sinai, A., Shahrabani, S., Lowenstein, A., Katz, R., Halperin, D., & Fogel-Grinvald, H. (2022). What Drives Older Adults to Continue Working After Official Retirement Age?. Ageing & Society, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000915
  • Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., ... & Van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable Employability—Definition, Conceptualization, and Implications a Perspective Based on the Capability Approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 71-79.
  • Wikström, E., Allard, K., Arman, R., Liff, R., Seldén, D., & Kadefors, R. (2022). Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde (s. 221-232). Springer
  • Woźniak, B., Brzyska, M., Piłat, A., & Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. (2022). Factors Affecting Work Ability and Influencing Early Retirement Decisions of Older Employees: An Attempt to Integrate the Existing Approaches. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 35(5), 509. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01354
  • Yaman, Y. (2020). Emeklilik Sisteminde Yapısal Dönüşümün Zorunluluğu: Kademeli Yaş Artışı. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 9(25), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.768434

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 1453 - 1472, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1602775

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Asik, G. A. (2024). Early Retirement Incentives and Transition into Informality. Labour Economics, 90, 102561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102561
  • Barbosa, L. M., Monteiro, B., & Murta, S. G. (2016). Retirement Adjustment Predictors—A Systematic Review. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw008
  • Bazzana, D. (2020). Ageing Population and Pension System Sustainability: Reforms and Redistributive Implications. Economia Politica, 37(3), 971-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-020-00183-8
  • Bengtsson, M., & Flisbäck, M. (2021). Illuminating Existential Meaning: A New Approach in the Study of Retirement. Qualitative Sociology Review, 17(1), 196-214. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.12
  • Bueno, N. (2022). From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 23(3), 354-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2014). Phenomenon of Working after Retirement and its Relation with Quality of Life in Turkey. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 45-54. DOI: 10.15527/ejre.201426247
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2015). Emeklilik Hazırlık Programlarının, Emeklilerin Yaşam Kalitelerini Geliştirmedeki Rolünün Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 223-232.
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 20-31.
  • Çınay, M. K. (2023). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Yaşı Sonrası Çalışma: Yaşam Seyri Yaklaşımından Niteliksel bir Analiz. REFLEKTİF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2023.107
  • De La Peña, J. I., Fernández-Ramos, M. C., & Garayeta, A. (2021). Cost-Free LTC Model Incorporated into Private Pension Schemes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052268
  • de São José, J., Timonen, V., Amado, C., & Santos, S. (2019). From ‘Active’ to ‘Capable’: A Capability Framework for Policy and Practice on Ageing and Later Life. Social Policy and the Capability Approach içinde (s. 41-60). Policy Press.
  • Durmaz, S. H., & Canatan, A. (2024). Emekli Subayların Emeklilik ve Yaşlılık Dönemine İlişkin Algıları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1404231
  • Elveren, A. Y. (2013). A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in Turkey from a Gender Equality Perspective. Women's Studies International Forum, 41, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.04.003
  • Erdem Karahanoğlu, G. (2020). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Geçişi Etkileyen Faktörler. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 100-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider
  • Erdoğmuş, F. (2022). Bir Kamu Politikası Olarak Sosyal Güvenlik Temelinde Emeklilik. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1123416
  • Gopinath, M. (2018). Thinking About Later Life: Insights from the Capability Approach. Ageing International, 43, 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Hart, A., Bowman, D., & Mallett, S. (2020). Scheduling Longer Working Lives for Older Aged Care Workers: A Time and Income Capability Approach. Time & Society, 29(4), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X20914099
  • Henning, G., Stenling, A., Bielak, A. A., Bjälkebring, P., Gow, A. J., Kivi, M., ... & Lindwall, M. (2021). Towards an Active and Happy Retirement? Changes in Leisure Activity and Depressive Symptoms during the Retirement Transition. Aging & Mental Health, 25(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1709156
  • Hinrichs, K. (2021). Recent Pension Reforms in Europe: More Challenges, New Directions. an Overview. Social Policy & Administration, 55(3), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Ilmakunnas, P., & Ilmakunnas, S. (2018). Health and Retirement Age: Comparison of Expectations and Actual Retirement. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 46(19_suppl), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817748295
  • İpek, C. (2017). Emeklilik Hayatında Uyum Sorunu ve Emeklilik Eğitimi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 60-72.
  • Kayhan, F. (2022). Financing Sustainable Development in an Emerging Economy: The Private Pension System in Turkey. Disruptive Technologies and Eco-Innovation for Sustainable Development içinde (s. 56-68). IGI Global.
  • Kojola, E., & Moen, P. (2016). No More Lock-Step Retirement: Boomers’ Shifting Meanings of Work and Retirement. Journal of Aging Studies, 36, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2015.12.003
  • Jecker, S. N. (2023). The Dignity of Work: An Ethical Argument against Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Social Philosophy, 54(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12471
  • Johansson, B., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Praetorius Björk, M., Brehmer, Y., Buratti, S., ... & Elena Zulka, L. (2022). Capability in Research on Cognition and Well-being in Ageing and Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde 65-80.
  • Meijering, L., van Hoven, B., & Yousefzadeh, S. (2019). I Think I'm Better at it Myself: The Capability Approach and Being Independent in Later Life. Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 7(1), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2019.3678
  • Meral, H., & Arıcan, E. (2020). Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Otomatik Katılım: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.688280
  • Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2023. Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024 https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/article/industry-research/mercer-cfa-insitute-global-pension-index-2023.pdf
  • Nam, Y., & Loibl, C. (2021). Financial Capability and Financial Planning at the Verge of Retirement Age. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09699-4
  • Nikou, S., Agahari, W., Keijzer-Broers, W., & de Reuver, M. (2020). Digital Healthcare Technology Adoption by Elderly People: A Capability Approach Model. Telematics and Informatics, 53, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101315
  • OECD (2017). Flexible Retirement in OECD Countries. Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators içinde (s. 41-83). Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2024 www.oecd-ilibrary.org/flexible-retirement-in-oecd-countries_5jfjdfvtg7zx.pdf
  • OECD (2023). Pensions at a Glance 2023: OECD and G20 Indicators. Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2024 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pensions-at-a-glance-2023_678055dd-en.html
  • Oude Mulders, J. (2019). Attitudes About Working Beyond Normal Retirement Age: The Role of Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 31(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2018.1563473
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Yönelik Tutumların Değerlendirilmesi. İş Yazıları Dergisi, 7, 43-56.
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B., Yalçın, B., Arslan Özdemir, E. & Özmete, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinin 65 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Ekonomik Durumuna Etkisi. Bireyden Devlete Küresel Salgın içinde (s. 153-177). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Principi, A., Santini, S., Socci, M., Smeaton, D., Cahill, K. E., Vegeris, S., & Barnes, H. (2018). Retirement Plans and Active Ageing: Perspectives in Three Countries. Ageing & Society, 38(1), 56-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000866
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266
  • Şahin, H., & Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online, 11(4), 1053-1065.
  • Sarıca, A. O. (2019). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Sistemlerinin Yaşlı Yoksulluğu ve Emekli Yoksulluğu Üzerine Etkisi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 477-498. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658919
  • Schmidthuber, L., Fechter, C., Schröder, H., & Hess, M. (2021). Active Ageing Policies and Delaying Retirement: Comparing Work-Retirement Transitions in Austria and Germany. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 37(2), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2021.1
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163
  • Sohier, L., Van Ootegem, L., & Verhofstadt, E. (2021). Well-Being during the Transition from Work to Retirement. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00228-6
  • Solem, P. E., Syse, A., Furunes, T., Mykletun, R. J., De Lange, A., Schaufeli, W., & Ilmarinen, J. (2016). To Leave or Not to Leave: Retirement Intentions and Retirement Behaviour. Ageing & Society, 36(2), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14001135
  • Stephens, T. C. (2023). The Quality of Work (Qow): Towards a Capability Theory. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 24(3), 309-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
  • Stephens, C., Breheny, M., & Mansvelt, J. (2015). Healthy Ageing from the Perspective of Older People: A Capability Approach to Resilience. Psychology & Health, 30(6), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.904862
  • Şen, Y. F. (2015). Emeklilik Döneminde Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir Çözüm Önerisi: İkinci İşe Hazırlık Eğitimi ve Emeklilik Kulüpleri. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, (64), 313-334.
  • Tanskanen, A. O., Danielsbacka, M., Hämäläinen, H., & Solé-Auró, A. (2021). Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence from Europe. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738117
  • Tekin, N., Parlar, F. M., & Ercan, Ö. (2020). Emekli Bireylerin bir Serbest Zaman Etkinliği Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitelere Dair Görüşleri: Türkiye’nin En Yaşlı ve Mutlu İli Sinop Örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.719626
  • Tur-Sinai, A., Shahrabani, S., Lowenstein, A., Katz, R., Halperin, D., & Fogel-Grinvald, H. (2022). What Drives Older Adults to Continue Working After Official Retirement Age?. Ageing & Society, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000915
  • Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., ... & Van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable Employability—Definition, Conceptualization, and Implications a Perspective Based on the Capability Approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 71-79.
  • Wikström, E., Allard, K., Arman, R., Liff, R., Seldén, D., & Kadefors, R. (2022). Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde (s. 221-232). Springer
  • Woźniak, B., Brzyska, M., Piłat, A., & Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. (2022). Factors Affecting Work Ability and Influencing Early Retirement Decisions of Older Employees: An Attempt to Integrate the Existing Approaches. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 35(5), 509. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01354
  • Yaman, Y. (2020). Emeklilik Sisteminde Yapısal Dönüşümün Zorunluluğu: Kademeli Yaş Artışı. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 9(25), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.768434

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 1453 - 1472, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1602775

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Asik, G. A. (2024). Early Retirement Incentives and Transition into Informality. Labour Economics, 90, 102561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102561
  • Barbosa, L. M., Monteiro, B., & Murta, S. G. (2016). Retirement Adjustment Predictors—A Systematic Review. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw008
  • Bazzana, D. (2020). Ageing Population and Pension System Sustainability: Reforms and Redistributive Implications. Economia Politica, 37(3), 971-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-020-00183-8
  • Bengtsson, M., & Flisbäck, M. (2021). Illuminating Existential Meaning: A New Approach in the Study of Retirement. Qualitative Sociology Review, 17(1), 196-214. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.12
  • Bueno, N. (2022). From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 23(3), 354-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2014). Phenomenon of Working after Retirement and its Relation with Quality of Life in Turkey. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 45-54. DOI: 10.15527/ejre.201426247
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2015). Emeklilik Hazırlık Programlarının, Emeklilerin Yaşam Kalitelerini Geliştirmedeki Rolünün Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 223-232.
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 20-31.
  • Çınay, M. K. (2023). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Yaşı Sonrası Çalışma: Yaşam Seyri Yaklaşımından Niteliksel bir Analiz. REFLEKTİF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2023.107
  • De La Peña, J. I., Fernández-Ramos, M. C., & Garayeta, A. (2021). Cost-Free LTC Model Incorporated into Private Pension Schemes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052268
  • de São José, J., Timonen, V., Amado, C., & Santos, S. (2019). From ‘Active’ to ‘Capable’: A Capability Framework for Policy and Practice on Ageing and Later Life. Social Policy and the Capability Approach içinde (s. 41-60). Policy Press.
  • Durmaz, S. H., & Canatan, A. (2024). Emekli Subayların Emeklilik ve Yaşlılık Dönemine İlişkin Algıları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1404231
  • Elveren, A. Y. (2013). A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in Turkey from a Gender Equality Perspective. Women's Studies International Forum, 41, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.04.003
  • Erdem Karahanoğlu, G. (2020). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Geçişi Etkileyen Faktörler. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 100-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider
  • Erdoğmuş, F. (2022). Bir Kamu Politikası Olarak Sosyal Güvenlik Temelinde Emeklilik. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1123416
  • Gopinath, M. (2018). Thinking About Later Life: Insights from the Capability Approach. Ageing International, 43, 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Hart, A., Bowman, D., & Mallett, S. (2020). Scheduling Longer Working Lives for Older Aged Care Workers: A Time and Income Capability Approach. Time & Society, 29(4), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X20914099
  • Henning, G., Stenling, A., Bielak, A. A., Bjälkebring, P., Gow, A. J., Kivi, M., ... & Lindwall, M. (2021). Towards an Active and Happy Retirement? Changes in Leisure Activity and Depressive Symptoms during the Retirement Transition. Aging & Mental Health, 25(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1709156
  • Hinrichs, K. (2021). Recent Pension Reforms in Europe: More Challenges, New Directions. an Overview. Social Policy & Administration, 55(3), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Ilmakunnas, P., & Ilmakunnas, S. (2018). Health and Retirement Age: Comparison of Expectations and Actual Retirement. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 46(19_suppl), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817748295
  • İpek, C. (2017). Emeklilik Hayatında Uyum Sorunu ve Emeklilik Eğitimi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 60-72.
  • Kayhan, F. (2022). Financing Sustainable Development in an Emerging Economy: The Private Pension System in Turkey. Disruptive Technologies and Eco-Innovation for Sustainable Development içinde (s. 56-68). IGI Global.
  • Kojola, E., & Moen, P. (2016). No More Lock-Step Retirement: Boomers’ Shifting Meanings of Work and Retirement. Journal of Aging Studies, 36, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2015.12.003
  • Jecker, S. N. (2023). The Dignity of Work: An Ethical Argument against Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Social Philosophy, 54(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12471
  • Johansson, B., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Praetorius Björk, M., Brehmer, Y., Buratti, S., ... & Elena Zulka, L. (2022). Capability in Research on Cognition and Well-being in Ageing and Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde 65-80.
  • Meijering, L., van Hoven, B., & Yousefzadeh, S. (2019). I Think I'm Better at it Myself: The Capability Approach and Being Independent in Later Life. Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 7(1), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2019.3678
  • Meral, H., & Arıcan, E. (2020). Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Otomatik Katılım: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.688280
  • Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2023. Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024 https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/article/industry-research/mercer-cfa-insitute-global-pension-index-2023.pdf
  • Nam, Y., & Loibl, C. (2021). Financial Capability and Financial Planning at the Verge of Retirement Age. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09699-4
  • Nikou, S., Agahari, W., Keijzer-Broers, W., & de Reuver, M. (2020). Digital Healthcare Technology Adoption by Elderly People: A Capability Approach Model. Telematics and Informatics, 53, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101315
  • OECD (2017). Flexible Retirement in OECD Countries. Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators içinde (s. 41-83). Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2024 www.oecd-ilibrary.org/flexible-retirement-in-oecd-countries_5jfjdfvtg7zx.pdf
  • OECD (2023). Pensions at a Glance 2023: OECD and G20 Indicators. Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2024 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pensions-at-a-glance-2023_678055dd-en.html
  • Oude Mulders, J. (2019). Attitudes About Working Beyond Normal Retirement Age: The Role of Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 31(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2018.1563473
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Yönelik Tutumların Değerlendirilmesi. İş Yazıları Dergisi, 7, 43-56.
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B., Yalçın, B., Arslan Özdemir, E. & Özmete, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinin 65 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Ekonomik Durumuna Etkisi. Bireyden Devlete Küresel Salgın içinde (s. 153-177). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Principi, A., Santini, S., Socci, M., Smeaton, D., Cahill, K. E., Vegeris, S., & Barnes, H. (2018). Retirement Plans and Active Ageing: Perspectives in Three Countries. Ageing & Society, 38(1), 56-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000866
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266
  • Şahin, H., & Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online, 11(4), 1053-1065.
  • Sarıca, A. O. (2019). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Sistemlerinin Yaşlı Yoksulluğu ve Emekli Yoksulluğu Üzerine Etkisi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 477-498. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658919
  • Schmidthuber, L., Fechter, C., Schröder, H., & Hess, M. (2021). Active Ageing Policies and Delaying Retirement: Comparing Work-Retirement Transitions in Austria and Germany. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 37(2), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2021.1
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163
  • Sohier, L., Van Ootegem, L., & Verhofstadt, E. (2021). Well-Being during the Transition from Work to Retirement. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00228-6
  • Solem, P. E., Syse, A., Furunes, T., Mykletun, R. J., De Lange, A., Schaufeli, W., & Ilmarinen, J. (2016). To Leave or Not to Leave: Retirement Intentions and Retirement Behaviour. Ageing & Society, 36(2), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14001135
  • Stephens, T. C. (2023). The Quality of Work (Qow): Towards a Capability Theory. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 24(3), 309-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
  • Stephens, C., Breheny, M., & Mansvelt, J. (2015). Healthy Ageing from the Perspective of Older People: A Capability Approach to Resilience. Psychology & Health, 30(6), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.904862
  • Şen, Y. F. (2015). Emeklilik Döneminde Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir Çözüm Önerisi: İkinci İşe Hazırlık Eğitimi ve Emeklilik Kulüpleri. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, (64), 313-334.
  • Tanskanen, A. O., Danielsbacka, M., Hämäläinen, H., & Solé-Auró, A. (2021). Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence from Europe. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738117
  • Tekin, N., Parlar, F. M., & Ercan, Ö. (2020). Emekli Bireylerin bir Serbest Zaman Etkinliği Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitelere Dair Görüşleri: Türkiye’nin En Yaşlı ve Mutlu İli Sinop Örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.719626
  • Tur-Sinai, A., Shahrabani, S., Lowenstein, A., Katz, R., Halperin, D., & Fogel-Grinvald, H. (2022). What Drives Older Adults to Continue Working After Official Retirement Age?. Ageing & Society, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000915
  • Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., ... & Van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable Employability—Definition, Conceptualization, and Implications a Perspective Based on the Capability Approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 71-79.
  • Wikström, E., Allard, K., Arman, R., Liff, R., Seldén, D., & Kadefors, R. (2022). Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde (s. 221-232). Springer
  • Woźniak, B., Brzyska, M., Piłat, A., & Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. (2022). Factors Affecting Work Ability and Influencing Early Retirement Decisions of Older Employees: An Attempt to Integrate the Existing Approaches. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 35(5), 509. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01354
  • Yaman, Y. (2020). Emeklilik Sisteminde Yapısal Dönüşümün Zorunluluğu: Kademeli Yaş Artışı. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 9(25), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.768434

Amartya Sen's Capability Approach to Capabilities and Agency in Retirement

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 1453 - 1472, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1602775

Öz

Many countries with aging populations have recently introduced comprehensive changes to their retirement systems. The rapidly increasing older population is expected to have a longer and healthier retirement period due to increasing average and healthy life expectancy. This situation necessitates a comprehensive examination of issues ranging from retirement planning to adaptation to retirement. Considering Turkey's rapidly aging population, it becomes more critical to reconsider its retirement system as well. This article aims to examine working life and retirement in later life, by applying Amartya Sen's ‘capability approach’ on the preferences, capabilities and rights of older individuals. For this purpose, international literature will be reviewed, and discussions regarding the capabilities of older people during transition to retirement, retirement period, and post-retirement work life will be included. This approach, more recently implemented in the field of aging, will provide crucial insights about preserving the agency of older individuals in social policymaking targeting retirement. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of how life transitions such as retirement can occur without disrupting the structure of a sustainable and healthy society.

Kaynakça

  • Asik, G. A. (2024). Early Retirement Incentives and Transition into Informality. Labour Economics, 90, 102561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102561
  • Barbosa, L. M., Monteiro, B., & Murta, S. G. (2016). Retirement Adjustment Predictors—A Systematic Review. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw008
  • Bazzana, D. (2020). Ageing Population and Pension System Sustainability: Reforms and Redistributive Implications. Economia Politica, 37(3), 971-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-020-00183-8
  • Bengtsson, M., & Flisbäck, M. (2021). Illuminating Existential Meaning: A New Approach in the Study of Retirement. Qualitative Sociology Review, 17(1), 196-214. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.12
  • Bueno, N. (2022). From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 23(3), 354-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2014). Phenomenon of Working after Retirement and its Relation with Quality of Life in Turkey. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 45-54. DOI: 10.15527/ejre.201426247
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2015). Emeklilik Hazırlık Programlarının, Emeklilerin Yaşam Kalitelerini Geliştirmedeki Rolünün Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 223-232.
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 20-31.
  • Çınay, M. K. (2023). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Yaşı Sonrası Çalışma: Yaşam Seyri Yaklaşımından Niteliksel bir Analiz. REFLEKTİF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2023.107
  • De La Peña, J. I., Fernández-Ramos, M. C., & Garayeta, A. (2021). Cost-Free LTC Model Incorporated into Private Pension Schemes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052268
  • de São José, J., Timonen, V., Amado, C., & Santos, S. (2019). From ‘Active’ to ‘Capable’: A Capability Framework for Policy and Practice on Ageing and Later Life. Social Policy and the Capability Approach içinde (s. 41-60). Policy Press.
  • Durmaz, S. H., & Canatan, A. (2024). Emekli Subayların Emeklilik ve Yaşlılık Dönemine İlişkin Algıları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1404231
  • Elveren, A. Y. (2013). A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in Turkey from a Gender Equality Perspective. Women's Studies International Forum, 41, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.04.003
  • Erdem Karahanoğlu, G. (2020). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Geçişi Etkileyen Faktörler. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 100-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider
  • Erdoğmuş, F. (2022). Bir Kamu Politikası Olarak Sosyal Güvenlik Temelinde Emeklilik. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1123416
  • Gopinath, M. (2018). Thinking About Later Life: Insights from the Capability Approach. Ageing International, 43, 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Hart, A., Bowman, D., & Mallett, S. (2020). Scheduling Longer Working Lives for Older Aged Care Workers: A Time and Income Capability Approach. Time & Society, 29(4), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X20914099
  • Henning, G., Stenling, A., Bielak, A. A., Bjälkebring, P., Gow, A. J., Kivi, M., ... & Lindwall, M. (2021). Towards an Active and Happy Retirement? Changes in Leisure Activity and Depressive Symptoms during the Retirement Transition. Aging & Mental Health, 25(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1709156
  • Hinrichs, K. (2021). Recent Pension Reforms in Europe: More Challenges, New Directions. an Overview. Social Policy & Administration, 55(3), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Ilmakunnas, P., & Ilmakunnas, S. (2018). Health and Retirement Age: Comparison of Expectations and Actual Retirement. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 46(19_suppl), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817748295
  • İpek, C. (2017). Emeklilik Hayatında Uyum Sorunu ve Emeklilik Eğitimi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 60-72.
  • Kayhan, F. (2022). Financing Sustainable Development in an Emerging Economy: The Private Pension System in Turkey. Disruptive Technologies and Eco-Innovation for Sustainable Development içinde (s. 56-68). IGI Global.
  • Kojola, E., & Moen, P. (2016). No More Lock-Step Retirement: Boomers’ Shifting Meanings of Work and Retirement. Journal of Aging Studies, 36, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2015.12.003
  • Jecker, S. N. (2023). The Dignity of Work: An Ethical Argument against Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Social Philosophy, 54(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12471
  • Johansson, B., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Praetorius Björk, M., Brehmer, Y., Buratti, S., ... & Elena Zulka, L. (2022). Capability in Research on Cognition and Well-being in Ageing and Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde 65-80.
  • Meijering, L., van Hoven, B., & Yousefzadeh, S. (2019). I Think I'm Better at it Myself: The Capability Approach and Being Independent in Later Life. Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 7(1), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2019.3678
  • Meral, H., & Arıcan, E. (2020). Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Otomatik Katılım: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.688280
  • Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2023. Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024 https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/article/industry-research/mercer-cfa-insitute-global-pension-index-2023.pdf
  • Nam, Y., & Loibl, C. (2021). Financial Capability and Financial Planning at the Verge of Retirement Age. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09699-4
  • Nikou, S., Agahari, W., Keijzer-Broers, W., & de Reuver, M. (2020). Digital Healthcare Technology Adoption by Elderly People: A Capability Approach Model. Telematics and Informatics, 53, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101315
  • OECD (2017). Flexible Retirement in OECD Countries. Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators içinde (s. 41-83). Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2024 www.oecd-ilibrary.org/flexible-retirement-in-oecd-countries_5jfjdfvtg7zx.pdf
  • OECD (2023). Pensions at a Glance 2023: OECD and G20 Indicators. Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2024 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pensions-at-a-glance-2023_678055dd-en.html
  • Oude Mulders, J. (2019). Attitudes About Working Beyond Normal Retirement Age: The Role of Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 31(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2018.1563473
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Yönelik Tutumların Değerlendirilmesi. İş Yazıları Dergisi, 7, 43-56.
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B., Yalçın, B., Arslan Özdemir, E. & Özmete, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinin 65 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Ekonomik Durumuna Etkisi. Bireyden Devlete Küresel Salgın içinde (s. 153-177). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Principi, A., Santini, S., Socci, M., Smeaton, D., Cahill, K. E., Vegeris, S., & Barnes, H. (2018). Retirement Plans and Active Ageing: Perspectives in Three Countries. Ageing & Society, 38(1), 56-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000866
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266
  • Şahin, H., & Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online, 11(4), 1053-1065.
  • Sarıca, A. O. (2019). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Sistemlerinin Yaşlı Yoksulluğu ve Emekli Yoksulluğu Üzerine Etkisi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 477-498. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658919
  • Schmidthuber, L., Fechter, C., Schröder, H., & Hess, M. (2021). Active Ageing Policies and Delaying Retirement: Comparing Work-Retirement Transitions in Austria and Germany. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 37(2), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2021.1
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163
  • Sohier, L., Van Ootegem, L., & Verhofstadt, E. (2021). Well-Being during the Transition from Work to Retirement. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00228-6
  • Solem, P. E., Syse, A., Furunes, T., Mykletun, R. J., De Lange, A., Schaufeli, W., & Ilmarinen, J. (2016). To Leave or Not to Leave: Retirement Intentions and Retirement Behaviour. Ageing & Society, 36(2), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14001135
  • Stephens, T. C. (2023). The Quality of Work (Qow): Towards a Capability Theory. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 24(3), 309-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
  • Stephens, C., Breheny, M., & Mansvelt, J. (2015). Healthy Ageing from the Perspective of Older People: A Capability Approach to Resilience. Psychology & Health, 30(6), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.904862
  • Şen, Y. F. (2015). Emeklilik Döneminde Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir Çözüm Önerisi: İkinci İşe Hazırlık Eğitimi ve Emeklilik Kulüpleri. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, (64), 313-334.
  • Tanskanen, A. O., Danielsbacka, M., Hämäläinen, H., & Solé-Auró, A. (2021). Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence from Europe. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738117
  • Tekin, N., Parlar, F. M., & Ercan, Ö. (2020). Emekli Bireylerin bir Serbest Zaman Etkinliği Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitelere Dair Görüşleri: Türkiye’nin En Yaşlı ve Mutlu İli Sinop Örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.719626
  • Tur-Sinai, A., Shahrabani, S., Lowenstein, A., Katz, R., Halperin, D., & Fogel-Grinvald, H. (2022). What Drives Older Adults to Continue Working After Official Retirement Age?. Ageing & Society, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000915
  • Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., ... & Van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable Employability—Definition, Conceptualization, and Implications a Perspective Based on the Capability Approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 71-79.
  • Wikström, E., Allard, K., Arman, R., Liff, R., Seldén, D., & Kadefors, R. (2022). Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde (s. 221-232). Springer
  • Woźniak, B., Brzyska, M., Piłat, A., & Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. (2022). Factors Affecting Work Ability and Influencing Early Retirement Decisions of Older Employees: An Attempt to Integrate the Existing Approaches. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 35(5), 509. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01354
  • Yaman, Y. (2020). Emeklilik Sisteminde Yapısal Dönüşümün Zorunluluğu: Kademeli Yaş Artışı. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 9(25), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.768434

Amartya Sen’in Yapabilirlik Yaklaşımı Bağlamında Emeklilikte Yapabilirlikler ve Faillik

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 1453 - 1472, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1602775

Öz

Günümüzde nüfusu yaşlanan birçok ülke, emeklilik sistemi üzerinde kapsamlı değişikliklere gitmektedir. Hızla artan yaşlı nüfusun, artan ortalama ve sağlıklı yaşam süreleriyle birlikte emeklilik dönemlerini uzun ve sağlıklı geçirmeleri beklenmektedir. Bu durum, emeklilik planlamasından emeklilik dönemine uyuma kadar birçok konunun kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Türkiye’nin hızla yaşlanan nüfusu dikkate alınarak emeklilik konusuna bu çerçevede bakılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Amartya Sen’in ‘yapabilirlik yaklaşımı’nı (capability approach) kullanarak yaşamın ilerleyen evrelerinde hem çalışma hayatı hem de emekliliği, yaşlı bireylerin tercihleri, yapabilirlikleri ve hakları bağlamında incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla uluslararası yazındaki çalışmalar gözden geçirilerek emekliliğe geçiş, emeklilik dönemi ve emeklilik sonrası çalışma döneminde yaşlıların yapabilirliklerine dair tartışmalara yer verilecektir. Yaşlanma alanında henüz yeni uygulanmaya başlamış olan bu yaklaşımın, emeklilik dönemine dair geliştirilecek sosyal politikalarda yaşlı bireylerin failliğinin korunması konusunda önemli ipuçları sunacağı düşünülmektedir. Böylece, yaşlanmayla birlikte gelen emeklilik gibi yaşam geçişlerinin sürdürülebilir sağlıklı toplum yapısını bozmadan nasıl gerçekleşebileceğinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sunabilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Asik, G. A. (2024). Early Retirement Incentives and Transition into Informality. Labour Economics, 90, 102561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102561
  • Barbosa, L. M., Monteiro, B., & Murta, S. G. (2016). Retirement Adjustment Predictors—A Systematic Review. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw008
  • Bazzana, D. (2020). Ageing Population and Pension System Sustainability: Reforms and Redistributive Implications. Economia Politica, 37(3), 971-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-020-00183-8
  • Bengtsson, M., & Flisbäck, M. (2021). Illuminating Existential Meaning: A New Approach in the Study of Retirement. Qualitative Sociology Review, 17(1), 196-214. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.12
  • Bueno, N. (2022). From Productive Work to Capability-Enhancing Work: Implications for Labour Law and Policy. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 23(3), 354-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2021.1951186
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2014). Phenomenon of Working after Retirement and its Relation with Quality of Life in Turkey. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 45-54. DOI: 10.15527/ejre.201426247
  • Çakır, Ö., Çınar, E., & Denizli, U. (2015). Emeklilik Hazırlık Programlarının, Emeklilerin Yaşam Kalitelerini Geliştirmedeki Rolünün Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 223-232.
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 20-31.
  • Çınay, M. K. (2023). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Yaşı Sonrası Çalışma: Yaşam Seyri Yaklaşımından Niteliksel bir Analiz. REFLEKTİF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2023.107
  • De La Peña, J. I., Fernández-Ramos, M. C., & Garayeta, A. (2021). Cost-Free LTC Model Incorporated into Private Pension Schemes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052268
  • de São José, J., Timonen, V., Amado, C., & Santos, S. (2019). From ‘Active’ to ‘Capable’: A Capability Framework for Policy and Practice on Ageing and Later Life. Social Policy and the Capability Approach içinde (s. 41-60). Policy Press.
  • Durmaz, S. H., & Canatan, A. (2024). Emekli Subayların Emeklilik ve Yaşlılık Dönemine İlişkin Algıları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.46414/yasad.1404231
  • Elveren, A. Y. (2013). A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in Turkey from a Gender Equality Perspective. Women's Studies International Forum, 41, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.04.003
  • Erdem Karahanoğlu, G. (2020). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Geçişi Etkileyen Faktörler. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 100-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider
  • Erdoğmuş, F. (2022). Bir Kamu Politikası Olarak Sosyal Güvenlik Temelinde Emeklilik. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1123416
  • Gopinath, M. (2018). Thinking About Later Life: Insights from the Capability Approach. Ageing International, 43, 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Hart, A., Bowman, D., & Mallett, S. (2020). Scheduling Longer Working Lives for Older Aged Care Workers: A Time and Income Capability Approach. Time & Society, 29(4), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X20914099
  • Henning, G., Stenling, A., Bielak, A. A., Bjälkebring, P., Gow, A. J., Kivi, M., ... & Lindwall, M. (2021). Towards an Active and Happy Retirement? Changes in Leisure Activity and Depressive Symptoms during the Retirement Transition. Aging & Mental Health, 25(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1709156
  • Hinrichs, K. (2021). Recent Pension Reforms in Europe: More Challenges, New Directions. an Overview. Social Policy & Administration, 55(3), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12712
  • Ilmakunnas, P., & Ilmakunnas, S. (2018). Health and Retirement Age: Comparison of Expectations and Actual Retirement. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 46(19_suppl), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817748295
  • İpek, C. (2017). Emeklilik Hayatında Uyum Sorunu ve Emeklilik Eğitimi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 60-72.
  • Kayhan, F. (2022). Financing Sustainable Development in an Emerging Economy: The Private Pension System in Turkey. Disruptive Technologies and Eco-Innovation for Sustainable Development içinde (s. 56-68). IGI Global.
  • Kojola, E., & Moen, P. (2016). No More Lock-Step Retirement: Boomers’ Shifting Meanings of Work and Retirement. Journal of Aging Studies, 36, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2015.12.003
  • Jecker, S. N. (2023). The Dignity of Work: An Ethical Argument against Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Social Philosophy, 54(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12471
  • Johansson, B., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Praetorius Björk, M., Brehmer, Y., Buratti, S., ... & Elena Zulka, L. (2022). Capability in Research on Cognition and Well-being in Ageing and Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde 65-80.
  • Meijering, L., van Hoven, B., & Yousefzadeh, S. (2019). I Think I'm Better at it Myself: The Capability Approach and Being Independent in Later Life. Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 7(1), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2019.3678
  • Meral, H., & Arıcan, E. (2020). Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Otomatik Katılım: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.688280
  • Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2023. Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024 https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/article/industry-research/mercer-cfa-insitute-global-pension-index-2023.pdf
  • Nam, Y., & Loibl, C. (2021). Financial Capability and Financial Planning at the Verge of Retirement Age. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09699-4
  • Nikou, S., Agahari, W., Keijzer-Broers, W., & de Reuver, M. (2020). Digital Healthcare Technology Adoption by Elderly People: A Capability Approach Model. Telematics and Informatics, 53, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101315
  • OECD (2017). Flexible Retirement in OECD Countries. Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators içinde (s. 41-83). Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2024 www.oecd-ilibrary.org/flexible-retirement-in-oecd-countries_5jfjdfvtg7zx.pdf
  • OECD (2023). Pensions at a Glance 2023: OECD and G20 Indicators. Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2024 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pensions-at-a-glance-2023_678055dd-en.html
  • Oude Mulders, J. (2019). Attitudes About Working Beyond Normal Retirement Age: The Role of Mandatory Retirement. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 31(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2018.1563473
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Emekliliğe Yönelik Tutumların Değerlendirilmesi. İş Yazıları Dergisi, 7, 43-56.
  • Özdemir Ocaklı, B., Yalçın, B., Arslan Özdemir, E. & Özmete, E. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinin 65 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Ekonomik Durumuna Etkisi. Bireyden Devlete Küresel Salgın içinde (s. 153-177). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Principi, A., Santini, S., Socci, M., Smeaton, D., Cahill, K. E., Vegeris, S., & Barnes, H. (2018). Retirement Plans and Active Ageing: Perspectives in Three Countries. Ageing & Society, 38(1), 56-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000866
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266
  • Şahin, H., & Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online, 11(4), 1053-1065.
  • Sarıca, A. O. (2019). Türkiye’de Emeklilik Sistemlerinin Yaşlı Yoksulluğu ve Emekli Yoksulluğu Üzerine Etkisi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 477-498. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658919
  • Schmidthuber, L., Fechter, C., Schröder, H., & Hess, M. (2021). Active Ageing Policies and Delaying Retirement: Comparing Work-Retirement Transitions in Austria and Germany. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 37(2), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2021.1
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities. Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163
  • Sohier, L., Van Ootegem, L., & Verhofstadt, E. (2021). Well-Being during the Transition from Work to Retirement. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00228-6
  • Solem, P. E., Syse, A., Furunes, T., Mykletun, R. J., De Lange, A., Schaufeli, W., & Ilmarinen, J. (2016). To Leave or Not to Leave: Retirement Intentions and Retirement Behaviour. Ageing & Society, 36(2), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14001135
  • Stephens, T. C. (2023). The Quality of Work (Qow): Towards a Capability Theory. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 24(3), 309-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
  • Stephens, C., Breheny, M., & Mansvelt, J. (2015). Healthy Ageing from the Perspective of Older People: A Capability Approach to Resilience. Psychology & Health, 30(6), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.904862
  • Şen, Y. F. (2015). Emeklilik Döneminde Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir Çözüm Önerisi: İkinci İşe Hazırlık Eğitimi ve Emeklilik Kulüpleri. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, (64), 313-334.
  • Tanskanen, A. O., Danielsbacka, M., Hämäläinen, H., & Solé-Auró, A. (2021). Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence from Europe. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738117
  • Tekin, N., Parlar, F. M., & Ercan, Ö. (2020). Emekli Bireylerin bir Serbest Zaman Etkinliği Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitelere Dair Görüşleri: Türkiye’nin En Yaşlı ve Mutlu İli Sinop Örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.719626
  • Tur-Sinai, A., Shahrabani, S., Lowenstein, A., Katz, R., Halperin, D., & Fogel-Grinvald, H. (2022). What Drives Older Adults to Continue Working After Official Retirement Age?. Ageing & Society, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000915
  • Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., ... & Van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable Employability—Definition, Conceptualization, and Implications a Perspective Based on the Capability Approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 71-79.
  • Wikström, E., Allard, K., Arman, R., Liff, R., Seldén, D., & Kadefors, R. (2022). Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing içinde (s. 221-232). Springer
  • Woźniak, B., Brzyska, M., Piłat, A., & Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. (2022). Factors Affecting Work Ability and Influencing Early Retirement Decisions of Older Employees: An Attempt to Integrate the Existing Approaches. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 35(5), 509. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01354
  • Yaman, Y. (2020). Emeklilik Sisteminde Yapısal Dönüşümün Zorunluluğu: Kademeli Yaş Artışı. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 9(25), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.768434
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yaşam Seyrinin Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülçin Con Wright 0000-0001-7196-151X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Con Wright, G. (2025). Amartya Sen’in Yapabilirlik Yaklaşımı Bağlamında Emeklilikte Yapabilirlikler ve Faillik. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(3), 1453-1472. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1602775
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.