Implementation of the Concept of "Bring Your Own Device" (BYOD) within the Scope of Labour Law

Öz

The process of digitalisation has a profound impact on the global landscape. The ramifications of this phenomenon on the workforce are inescapable. Technological developments exert an influence on employment relationships. From this point forward, information technology (IT) devices will become a requisite component for employees in order to fulfil the obligations inhe-rent to an employment contract. It is therefore becoming more common for employees to use the devices they bring to the workplace. The concept of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) refers to the use of an employee’s personal IT devices for work-related purposes. Concurrently, this situa-tion leads to issues within the employment relationship. To resolve these issues, it is essential to consider the BYOD concept within the context of labour law. The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of the BYOD concept in employment relationships in comparison with German and Turkish labour law. In consideration of the nature of BYOD, only situations of the utilisation of IT devices will be addressed, and the use of other work resources will not be subject to evaluation. Although there is no direct court decision on the BYOD, the decisions of the Turkish Constitutional Court and the Court of Cassation, as well as the German Federal Labour Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union, which pertain to this concept, will be included in this study. As the primary focus of this article is on the BYOD concept, a concise overview of alternative concepts is provided. After this juncture, the employer’s right of the management and workplace practises will be analysed within the context of BYOD. In the context of the use of personal IT devices within the framework of the employment relationship, certain issues emerge that affect the work and rest periods of employees. In addition, the BYOD application is inextricably lin-ked to the issue of personal data. It is an inevitable consequence of the BYOD that an emplo-yee’s personal data, in conjunction with third parties, will be on the IT devices. Therefore, mea-sures have been developed to protect personal data on IT devices. These topics will be explai-ned under mobile device management (MDM) tools. The final issue to be addressed is the legal status of software on the employee’s IT devices. In this context, the issues of intellectual pro-perty rights and licencing agreements will also be discussed in a separate section dedicated to the BYOD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• BYOD
• Types of BYOD
• Employment Contract
• Employer’s Liability
• Employee Claims
• Appropriate Remuneration
• Mobile Device Management (MDM)

Kaynakça

1. Arbek Ö, Fikir ve Sanat Eserlerine İlişkin Lisans Sözleşmesi (Yetkin Yayınları 2005) google scholar
2. Aydıncık Ş, Fikri Haklara İlişkin Lisans Sözleşmeleri (Arıkan 2006) google scholar
3. Barton DM, ‘Betriebliche Übung und private Nutzung des Internetarbeitsplatzes „Arbeitsrechtliche Alternativen“ zur Wiedereinführung der alleinigen dienstlichen Verwendung’ [2006] NZA 460 google scholar
4. Bartz S and Grotenrath M, ‘„Bring Your Own Device“-Gerate in inlemen Ermittlungen’ [2019], CCZ 184. google scholar
5. Baycık G, Türk-İsviçre Hukukunda İşçinin Hukuki Sorumluluğu (Yetkin Yayınları 2015) google scholar
6. Baysal U, ‘İşçiye Ait Taşınabilir İletişim Cihazlarının İş Amaçlı Kullanılması’ [2018] Sicil İş Hukuku Dergisi 65 google scholar
7. Bertram A and Falder R, ‘Datenschutz im Home Office-Quadratur des Kreises oder Frage des guten Willens?’ [2021], ArbRAktuell 95. google scholar
8. Centel, T. 2017. Introduction to Turkish Labour Law (Springer 2017) google scholar

9. Chandna-Hoppe K, ‘Essentielle Arbeitsmittel und mobile Arbeit’ [2023] RdA 152 google scholar
10. Çatalkaya DU, ‘Kişisel Yaşamı Kapsamında İşçinin, İşverence “Ulaşılabilir Olmama” Hakkı’ (2016) 74 Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty 737 google scholar
11. Çelik N, and others, İş Hukuku Dersleri (36th edn, Beta Yayınevi 2023) google scholar
12. Civan OE, İşçinin Yan Yükümlülükleri (Beta Yayınevi 2021) google scholar
13. Conrad I and Schneider J, ‘Einsatz von „privater IT” im Unternehmen Kein privater USB-Stick, aber „Bring your own device” (BYOD)?’ [2011] ZD 153 google scholar
14. W. Daubler, Digitalisierung undArbeitsrecht (7th edn, Bund Verlag 2020) google scholar
15. Dereli T, Soykut Sarıca YP and Taşbaşı A, Labour Law in Turkey (3rd edn, Kluwer Law International 2023) google scholar
16. Doğan S, İş Hukukunda İşçinin İş ve Aile Yaşama Uyumunun Sağlanması (Seçkin Yayıncılık 2022) google scholar
17. Dursun Ateş S, İşverenin Yönetim Hakkı (Seçkin Yayıncılık 2019) google scholar
18. Ekmekçi Ö, Korkusuz MR and Uğur Ö, Turkish Individual Labour Law (2nd edn, Onikilevha Yayıncılık 2023) google scholar
19. Elbir N, Kişiliğinin Korunması Bağlamında İşçiye Ait Kişisel Verilerin Korunması (Yetkin Yayınları 2020) google scholar
20. Emrağ SE, Yararlılık İlkesi (Onikilevha Yayıncılık 2022) google scholar
21. Faas T, ‘WhatsApp & Outlook auf dem beruflichen Smartphone: Haftungsrisiken und Auswege’ [2018] ArbRAktuell 594 google scholar
22. Ganiyu, S.O. and Jimoh RG, ‘Characterising Risk Factors and Countermeasures for Risk Evaluation of Bring Your Own Device Strategy’ (2018) 7 International Journal of Information Security Science, 49 google scholar
23. Göpfert B, Wilke E. ‘Nutzung privater Smartphones für dienstliche Zwecke’ [2012]. NZA 765. google scholar
24. Grieger F. ‘Bring Your Own Device in Der Unternehmenspraxis’ [2023], MMR 168. google scholar
25. Günther J and Böglmüller M (2015) ‘Arbeitsrecht 4.0 - Arbeitsrechtliche Herausforderungen in der vierten industriellen Revolution’ [2015] NZA 1025 google scholar
26. Hamdi M, Astarlı M and Baysal U, İş Hukuku (7th edn, Lykeion 2022) google scholar
27. Herrnleben G, ‘BYOD - die rechtlichen Fallstricke der Software-Lizenzierung für Unternehmen’ [of] MMR 205 google scholar
28. Hoppe C (2023) ‘Bring your own device (BYOD)’ in Stefan Kramer (ed), IT-Arbeitsrecht (3rd edn, CH BECK 2023) google scholar
29. Hüseyinli N and Ünal E, ‘Avrupa Birliği adalat Divanı Kararı Işığında, Türk İş Hukuku’nda Çalışma Sürelerinin Kayıt Altına Alınması’ (2024) 7 Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 44 google scholar
30. Kascherus S and Pröpper M, ‘Bring your own device (BYOD) - Mitbestimmung bei der Nutzung privater technischer Gerate’ [2021], Betriebs-Berater 756 google scholar
31. Kılıç Ş, ‘Employment Law’ in Şebnem Kılıç (ed), Introduction to Turkish Business Law (Peter Lang 2022) google scholar
32. Klocke D and Hoppe S (2022) ‘Der Anspruch auf essenzielle Arbeitsmittel’ [2022] NZA-RR 515 google scholar
33. Koch FA, ‘Arbeitsrechtliche Auswirkungen von „Bring your own Device“ - Die dienstliche Nutzung privater Mobilgerate und das Arbeitsrecht’ [2012] ITRB 35 google scholar
34. Korkusuz MR and Uğur Ö, ‘Turkish Individual Labour Law’ in M Refik Korkusuz and Ferna İpekel Kayalı (eds), Turkish Private Law (3rd edn, Seçkin Yayıncılık 2024) 114 google scholar
35. Küzeci E and Kılıç Ş, ‘6698 Sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu’nun İş Sözleşmesi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi: Veri Sorumlusu, Veri İşleyen ve Diğer Aktörler’ (2019) 16 Legal İş Hukuku ve Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku Dergisi 947 google scholar
36. Lee JH and Tinmaz H, ‘A Perceptional Analysis of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) for Educational or Workplace Implementations in a South Korean Case’ (2019) 6 Participatory Educational Research 51 google scholar
37. Lipp K, ‘Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) - Das neue Betriebsmittel’, Law as a service (LaaS): Recht im Internet- und Cloud-Zeitalter [Tagungsband Herbstakademie 2013] (OlWIR, Oldenburger Verlag für Wirtschaft, Informatik und Recht 2013) google scholar
38. Monsch C, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD): Rechtsfragen der dienstlichen Nutzung arbeitnehmereigener mobiler Endgerate im Unternehmen (Duncker & Humblot 2017) google scholar
39. Müller F. ‘Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) im öffentlichen Dienst’ [2021] öAT 23 google scholar
40. Okur Z, İş Hukuku’nda Elektronik Gözetleme (Legal Yayıncılık 2013) google scholar
41. Pollert D. ‘Arbeitnehmer-Smartphone als Betriebsmittel-ein kostensparendes Modeli?’ NZA-Beilage 152 google scholar
42. Raif A and Nann P, ‘Arbeitsrecht 4.0 - Möglichkeiten und Hürden in der digitalen Arbeitswelt’ [2016] GWR 221 google scholar
43. Şahan G, Bilgisayar Programı İmâl Sözleşmesi (Yetkin Yayınları 2016) google scholar
44. Savaş Kutsal FB, İşçinin Ulaşılabilir Olmama Hakkı (Seçkin Yayıncılık 2024) google scholar
45. Schmidt B and Roschek A-K, ‘Datenschutz Im Anwaltlichen Home- Und Mobile-Office’ [2021], NJW 367. google scholar
46. Sümer HH, İş Hukuku Uygulamaları (7th edn, Seçkin Yayıncılık 2019) google scholar
47. Süzek S, İş Hukuku (23rd edn, Beta Yayınevi 2023) google scholar
48. Wisskirchen G, Schiller JP. ‘Aktuelle Problemstellungen im Zusammenhang mit „Bring Your Own Device“’ [2015]. Der Betrieb 1163 google scholar
49. Yamakoğlu E, Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Kullanımının İş Sözleşmesi Taraflarının Fesih Hakkına Etkisi (Onikilevha Yayıncılık 2020) google scholar
50. Zöll O and Kielkowski JB, ‘Arbeitsrechtliche Umsetzung von „Bring Your Own Device” (BYOD)’ [2012] Betriebs-Berater, 2625. google scholar