NEW OBSERVATIONS OF THE DOGUBAYAZIT ROCK-CUT TOMB

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 20, 17 - 35, 12.11.2017

Erkan Konyar

Öz

The Rock-Cut Tomb of Doğubayazıt is a unique example in the Eastern Anatolian and Urartian geography with its plan, features and façade reliefs. It comprises of a main hall at the entrance, and two rooms that can be accessed by ascending from it. There are niches on the west and north walls of the tomb chamber. What makes the Doğubayazıt Tomb unique is its façade relief. It is possible to date the reliefs from its stylistic features. The compositions on some medallions and bronze plates in museums, either from Urartian centres like Toprakkale, Karmir-Blur, and Giyimli or obtained through purchase, are significant in terms of comparison. The goat next to the woman on these finds is a very characteristic composition and can be compared to the depiction on the tomb relief. Another detail that draws attention is the conical helmet worn by the king or the lord. Depictions of warriors, kings and gods with this helmet are frequently seen on Urartian bronze artefacts. The iconographic features of the relief, the stone masonry of the burial chamber, and features such as niches suggest a date within the Urartian period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urartu, Doğubayazıt, Rock-Cut Tomb, Façade Relief

Kaynakça

• Başgelen, N. 1987 “Atabindi I Kaya Mezarı Üzerine Gözlemler”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat 36-37: 8-11.
• Belck, W. 1899 “Aus der Berichten über die Armenische Expedition, Die Fels-Sculptur von Bajazed”, Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 31: 241-243.
• Biber, H. – Çavuşoğlu, R. 2013 “2011 Yılı Muş-Malazgirt Arkeolojik Yüzey Araştırması”, 30. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 2, Ankara: 303-320
• Burney, C. A. 1966 “A First Season of Excavations on the Urartian Citadel of Kayalıdere”, Anatolian Studies 16: 55-111.
• Ceylan, A. 2016 “Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Yüzey Araştırmalarında Keşfettiğimiz Kaya Mezarları”, Bengü 3: 7-67.
• Çevik, N. 2000 Urartu Kaya Mezarları ve Ölü Gömme Gelenekleri, Ankara.
• Genç, B. 2015 “Urartu ve Assur Arasındaki Kültürel İlişkiler ve Urartu’nun Dönüşümünde Assur Etkisi”, Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Eskiçağ Tarihi Bilim Dalı, İstanbul
• Huff, D. 1968 “Das Felsgrab von Eski Doğubayazit”, Istanbuller Mitteilungen 18: 58-86.
• 1990 “Das grab von Doğubeyazıt. Seine stellung unter den urartäischen und iranischen felsgräbern”, X. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara 22-26 Eylül 1986, Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler I, Ankara: 87-95.
• Kellner, H. J. 1980 “Ein Neues Goldmedaillon aus Urartu”, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran 13: 83-92.
• 1991 “Medallions and Pectorals”, R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in the First Millenium B.C.E, Jerusalem: 164-70.
• Kleiss, W. 1968 “Urartäische Plätze in Iranisch-Azerbaidjan”, Istanbuler Mitteilungen 18: 1-44.
• 1974 “Planaufnahmen Urartãischer Burgen und Neufunde Urartãischer Anlange in Iranisch-Azerbaidjan im Jahre 1973”, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran 7: 79-113.
• Konyar, E. 2011 “Urartu Mezar Tipleri ve Gömü Adetleri-Tomb Types and Burial Traditions in Urartu”, K. Köroğlu, E. Konyar (eds.), URARTU: Doğuda Değişim - Transformation in the East, İstanbul: 206-231.
• Konyar, E. – Avcı, C. 2014 “Van-Tušpa Excavations 2013”, Colloquium Anatolicum XIII: 205-228.
• Köroğlu, K. 2007 “New Observations on the Origin of the Single-Roomed Rock-Cut Tombs of Eastern Anatolia”, M. Alparslan, M. Doğan-Alparslan, H. Peker (eds.), Belkıs Dinçol and Ali Dinçol’a Armağan. VITA. Festschrift in Honor of Belkıs Dinçol and Ali Dinçol, İstanbul: 445-456.
• 2008 “Urartu Kaya Mezar Geleneği ve Doğu Anadolu’daki Tek Odalı Kaya Mezarlarının Kökeni”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat 127: 21-38.
• Lehman-Haupt, C. F. 1931 Armenien Einst und Jetzt II/2, Berlin.
• Merhav, R. 1991 “Some Observations Pectorals and Medallions”, R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in the First Millenium B.C.E, Jerusalem: 171-76.
• Özfırat, A. 1999 “1997 Yılı Bitlis-Muş Yüzey Araştırması: Tunç ve Demir Çağları”, 16. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 16/2, Ankara:1-22.
• Piotrovsky, B. 1970 Karmir Blur, Leningrad.
• Sevin, V. 1994 “Three Urartian Rock-Cut Tombs from Palu”, Tel Aviv 21/1: 58-67.
• 2012 Van Kalesi: Urartu Kral Mezarları ve Altıntepe Halk Mezarlığı, İstanbul.
• Texier, C. 1842 Description de I’Armēnie la Perse et la Mēsopotamie, Paris.