Abstract
The Saljuqs were originally nomadic tribes and nomadic Turkmen from Kyrgyz regions of Central Asia. In the early eleventh century, the Saljuqs began their reign by seizing a major part of Transoxiana. The Saljuqid is one of the most important eras in Islamic-Iranian civilization in which different fine arts reached an unprecedented apogee of flourishing in the history of Iran. The remaining objects from this period show that metalworking was highly developed. Similar to previous eras, silver and gold were rarely used in the Saljuqid era because of religious bans. Silver and gold were used for plating less valuable metals such as bronze and brass. The aim of this article is to examine the forms, themes, and metals used in the Saljuqid era and to investigate the innovations made by two artistic movements, namely, Khorasan and Mosul. Some of the most important art and crafts schools, especially metalworking, of this era were Khorasan and Mosul. This article is based on bibliographic research with an analytical-descriptive approach. First the themes are analyzed, followed by a study of the symbols, and finally an analysis of the intention behind them.
Keywords
References
- Afrough, Muhammad, Norouzitalab, Alireza (2011). “An analysis of astrological themes in the decoration of the Saljuqid art: case study of bronze ewer”. Negareh Quarterly, 21:69-84. Ayatollahzadeh-Shirazi, Baqer (1983). “An analysis of the art of metalwork in the Saljuqid era”. Quarterly of Art, 3. Bani-Emam, Fatemeh (2016). “Metalwork in the Saljuqid era”. Journal of Art Education, 14 (1):27-32. Bazot et al , (2001). The Saljuqs: a history of Iran. First edition. Trans. Yaqub Azand. Tehran: Mowla. Dadvar, Abolqasem, Zojaji, Negar (2015). “A study of the influence of metalwork in the Saljuqid era (eleventh century) on the western art of metalwork in the middle ages”. Journal of Jelveh Honar, 14: 79-89. Debucourt, Monique (1994). The alive mysteries of the world. Trans. Jalal Sattari. Tehran: Nashre-Markaz. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1994). Dehkhoda Encyclopedia. Tehran: Tehran University Press. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1994). Dehkhoda Encyclopedia. Tehran: Tehran: Tehran University Press. Dimand, S. M. (1986). Guide to Islamic industries. Trans. Abdollah Faryar. Second edition. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Dimand, S. M. (2004). Guide to Islamic industries. Trans. Abdollah Faryar. Tehran: ElmiFarhangi. Ehsani, Muhammad-Taghi (1997). Seven thousand years of metalwork in Iran. Second edition. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Enayat, Tufigh (1999). “The elements of Iranian identity and culture in Islamic arts”. Monthly Book of Art,18. Hall, James (2004). An encyclopedia of symbols in eastern and western art. Trans. Roqayeh Behzad. Tehran: Farhange Moaser. Heidarabadian, Shahram, Abbasifard, Farnaz (2009). Islamic art of metalwork. Tehran: Sobhan Nour. Helmi, Kamaladin (1985). The Saljuqid government. Trans. Abdollah Naser-Taheri. Qom: Howzeh and Daneshgah Research Center. Jobs, Gertrude (1991). Symbols. Trans. Muhammad Qobadpour. Tehran: Jahan-Nama. Katly etl al (1997). The Saljuqid art. First edition. Trans. Yaqub Azand. Vol. 8. Tehran: Mowla. Khalili, Naser etl al (2008). Instruments in astrology and science. Trans. Ali Mazandarani: Islamic art collections. Vol. 11. Tehran: Karang. Lakpur, Simin (1996). Bright faces. Tehran: Miras Farhangi. Okhovat, Hanieh, Taghvaee, Ali-Akbar (2009). “Trees, archetypal images, and the evolution of the image of the tree in Quran”. Monthly Book of Art, 33. Pope, Arthur et al (2001). Masterpieces of the Iranian art. Adapted by Parviz Natel Khanlari. Second edition. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Price, Christian (1968). The history of Islamic art. Trans. Masoud Rajabnia. Tehran: Bongahe Tarjome va Nashr. Rafei, Ahmadreza, Shirazi, Ali-Asqar (2007). “The art of the Saljuqid era: arts and the sciences”. Negareh Quarterly, 5. Razani, Mehdi, Bakhshandefard, Mehdi, Tavakoli, Asqar (2010). “Saljuqid metalwork with Islamic-Iranian identity”. Quarterly of Cultural Heritage, 5 (4). Sadagheh, John (1999). “Trees in ancient myths”. Trans. Muhammadreza Turki. Journal of Literature and Languages, 26, 140-145. serlu, Juan-Edoardo (2010). Encyclopedia of symbols. First edition. Trans. Mehrangiz Ohadi. Tehran: Dastan. Shayestefar, Mahnaz (2005). Shi’ite art. Tehran: Center for Islamic Art Studies. Spuler,Bertold (1995). The history of Moghuls in Iran. Trans. Mahmoud Miraftab. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Tohidi, Faegh (20070. Basics of the art of metalwork, sculpture, etc. Tehran: Samira.
Abstract
The Saljuqs were originally nomadic tribes and nomadic Turkmen from Kyrgyz regions of Central Asia. In the early eleventh century, the Saljuqs began their reign by seizing a major part of Transoxiana. The Saljuqid is one of the most important eras in Islamic-Iranian civilization in which different fine arts reached an unprecedented apogee of flourishing in the history of Iran. The remaining objects from this period show that metalworking was highly developed. Similar to previous eras, silver and gold were rarely used in the Saljuqid era because of religious bans. Silver and gold were used for plating less valuable metals such as bronze and brass. The aim of this article is to examine the forms, themes, and metals used in the Saljuqid era and to investigate the innovations made by two artistic movements, namely, Khorasan and Mosul. Some of the most important art and crafts schools, especially metalworking, of this era were Khorasan and Mosul. This article is based on bibliographic research with an analytical-descriptive approach. First the themes are analyzed, followed by a study of the symbols, and finally an analysis of the intention behind them.
Keywords
References
- Afrough, Muhammad, Norouzitalab, Alireza (2011). “An analysis of astrological themes in the decoration of the Saljuqid art: case study of bronze ewer”. Negareh Quarterly, 21:69-84. Ayatollahzadeh-Shirazi, Baqer (1983). “An analysis of the art of metalwork in the Saljuqid era”. Quarterly of Art, 3. Bani-Emam, Fatemeh (2016). “Metalwork in the Saljuqid era”. Journal of Art Education, 14 (1):27-32. Bazot et al , (2001). The Saljuqs: a history of Iran. First edition. Trans. Yaqub Azand. Tehran: Mowla. Dadvar, Abolqasem, Zojaji, Negar (2015). “A study of the influence of metalwork in the Saljuqid era (eleventh century) on the western art of metalwork in the middle ages”. Journal of Jelveh Honar, 14: 79-89. Debucourt, Monique (1994). The alive mysteries of the world. Trans. Jalal Sattari. Tehran: Nashre-Markaz. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1994). Dehkhoda Encyclopedia. Tehran: Tehran University Press. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1994). Dehkhoda Encyclopedia. Tehran: Tehran: Tehran University Press. Dimand, S. M. (1986). Guide to Islamic industries. Trans. Abdollah Faryar. Second edition. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Dimand, S. M. (2004). Guide to Islamic industries. Trans. Abdollah Faryar. Tehran: ElmiFarhangi. Ehsani, Muhammad-Taghi (1997). Seven thousand years of metalwork in Iran. Second edition. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Enayat, Tufigh (1999). “The elements of Iranian identity and culture in Islamic arts”. Monthly Book of Art,18. Hall, James (2004). An encyclopedia of symbols in eastern and western art. Trans. Roqayeh Behzad. Tehran: Farhange Moaser. Heidarabadian, Shahram, Abbasifard, Farnaz (2009). Islamic art of metalwork. Tehran: Sobhan Nour. Helmi, Kamaladin (1985). The Saljuqid government. Trans. Abdollah Naser-Taheri. Qom: Howzeh and Daneshgah Research Center. Jobs, Gertrude (1991). Symbols. Trans. Muhammad Qobadpour. Tehran: Jahan-Nama. Katly etl al (1997). The Saljuqid art. First edition. Trans. Yaqub Azand. Vol. 8. Tehran: Mowla. Khalili, Naser etl al (2008). Instruments in astrology and science. Trans. Ali Mazandarani: Islamic art collections. Vol. 11. Tehran: Karang. Lakpur, Simin (1996). Bright faces. Tehran: Miras Farhangi. Okhovat, Hanieh, Taghvaee, Ali-Akbar (2009). “Trees, archetypal images, and the evolution of the image of the tree in Quran”. Monthly Book of Art, 33. Pope, Arthur et al (2001). Masterpieces of the Iranian art. Adapted by Parviz Natel Khanlari. Second edition. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Price, Christian (1968). The history of Islamic art. Trans. Masoud Rajabnia. Tehran: Bongahe Tarjome va Nashr. Rafei, Ahmadreza, Shirazi, Ali-Asqar (2007). “The art of the Saljuqid era: arts and the sciences”. Negareh Quarterly, 5. Razani, Mehdi, Bakhshandefard, Mehdi, Tavakoli, Asqar (2010). “Saljuqid metalwork with Islamic-Iranian identity”. Quarterly of Cultural Heritage, 5 (4). Sadagheh, John (1999). “Trees in ancient myths”. Trans. Muhammadreza Turki. Journal of Literature and Languages, 26, 140-145. serlu, Juan-Edoardo (2010). Encyclopedia of symbols. First edition. Trans. Mehrangiz Ohadi. Tehran: Dastan. Shayestefar, Mahnaz (2005). Shi’ite art. Tehran: Center for Islamic Art Studies. Spuler,Bertold (1995). The history of Moghuls in Iran. Trans. Mahmoud Miraftab. Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi. Tohidi, Faegh (20070. Basics of the art of metalwork, sculpture, etc. Tehran: Samira.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | MAKALELER/ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 12, 2018 |
| Submission Date | December 12, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Issue: 9 |
