Schooling in Manastir (Bitola) Vilayet between 1878 – 1912 and Influence of Schooling on NationalismManastır (Bitola) is among the places where schooling was practiced the most intensively at the end of XIXth century, and in the beginning of the XXth Century. Thanks to this feature, the province contributed to the structuring of the Balkan states, and to the upbringing of their founding elites. Not only the schools in which Ottomanism and Turkism flourished, but also the schools from various nations, were opened in Bitola during the aforesaid period. These institutions, having acted quite influential on the increase in the level of education and the rate of literacy, caused the upbringing of a circle of intellectuals in Bitola. In consequence of such schooling initiatives, having been allowed in good faith in parallel with the intent of modernization, the way for rooting of the national consciousness was unexpectedly paved. These schools, having been made use of as the instruments and symbols of the environment of conflict, became one of the prominent arguments being put forth by the European States against the Ottoman State during the process of “nation-building” in the Balkans. It will be intended herein to manifest the schooling occurred in Bitola in the last quarter of the XIX h Century, and in the beginning of the XXth Century, the effects of the Ottomanism, Turkism, Slavism, Bulgarism, and Hellenism movements flourishing in these schools on the formation of the mentalities in the region by way of resorting to the related archival documents and statistical data.
Macedonia Manastir(Bitola) Vilayet Ottoman State Abdül Hamid II Education Nationalism Schooling.
Özet
Son dönem Osmanlı Devleti'nde, sahip olduğu zengin sosyo-kültürel dokusuyla ön plana çıkan Manastır Vilayeti, XIX yüzyıl sonları ve XX. yüzyıl başlarında okullaşmanın en yoğun şekilde görüldüğü yerler arasındadır. Vilayet bu özelliğiyle Balkan devletlerinin şekillenmesine ve kurucu kadrolarının yetişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Manastır'da o dönemde açılan okullar arasında Osmanlıcılık ve Türkçülük fikrinin belirgin hale geldiği okullar olduğu gibi, Rum, Bulgar, Sırp, Ulah, Arnavut mektepleri gibi farklı milletlerin okulları da vardı. Eğitim seviyesinin yükselmesinde ve okuryazar oranının artmasında son derece etkili olan bu kurumlar, Manastır'da aydın bir zümrenin yetişmesini sağlamıştı. Binaenaleyh modernleşme yolunda iyi niyetle izin verilen bu okullaşma girişimleri beklenmedik şekilde milli bilincin kökleşmesinin önünü açmıştır. Çatışma ortamının bir aracı ve sembolü olarak kullanılan okullar, Balkanlarda “millet inşası” sürecinde Avrupalı Devletlerin Osmanlı Devleti aleyhine kullandığı önemli bir argüman haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Manastır'da XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde ve XX. yüzyıl başında meydana gelen okullaşmayı ve bu okullardaki Osmanlıcılık, Türkçülük, Slavcılık, Bulgarcılık ve Helencilik akımlarının bölgedeki zihniyet şekillenmesindeki etkileri, arşiv belgeleri ve istatiksel verilerle ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Makedonya, Manastır Vilayeti, Osmanlı Devleti, II.
Abdülhamid, Eğitim, Okullaşma.
Abstract
Schooling in Manastir (Bitola) Vilayet between 1878 – 1912 and Influence of
Schooling on Nationalism
Manastır (Bitola) is among the places where schooling was practiced the most
intensively at the end of XIXth century, and in the beginning of the XXth Century. Thanks
to this feature, the province contributed to the structuring of the Balkan states, and to
the upbringing of their founding elites. Not only the schools in which Ottomanism and
Turkism flourished, but also the schools from various nations, were opened in Bitola
during the aforesaid period. These institutions, having acted quite influential on the
increase in the level of education and the rate of literacy, caused the upbringing of a
circle of intellectuals in Bitola. In consequence of such schooling initiatives, having
been allowed in good faith in parallel with the intent of modernization, the way for
rooting of the national consciousness was unexpectedly paved. These schools, having
been made use of as the instruments and symbols of the environment of conflict,
became one of the prominent arguments being put forth by the European States against
the Ottoman State during the process of “nation-building” in the Balkans. It will be
intended herein to manifest the schooling occurred in Bitola in the last quarter of the
XIXh Century, and in the beginning of the XXth Century, the effects of the Ottomanism,
Turkism, Slavism, Bulgarism, and Hellenism movements flourishing in these schools
on the formation of the mentalities in the region by way of resorting to the related
archival documents and statistical data.
Keywords: Macedonia, Manastir (Bitola) Vilayet, Ottoman State, Abdül Hamid II,
Education, Nationalism, Schooling.
Makedonya Manastır Vilâyeti Osmanlı Devleti II. Abdülhamid Eğitim Okullaşma
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
---|---|
Bölüm | Makaleler |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Ağustos 2013 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |