RUSYA FEDERASYONU’NUN ARKTİKA POLİTİKASI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 57 - 95, 29.12.2017

Oktay Ateş

Öz

Dünyanın en kuzeyinde bulunan Arktika bölgesi, çoğunluğu buzlarla kaplı büyük bir alana sahiptir. Ancak, son yıllarda iklim değişimi yoluyla etkileri daha fazla hissedilen küresel ısınma yüzünden, bölgeye olan ilgi artmaktadır. Bu ilginin başında da, Arktika’nın büyük miktarda sahip olduğu düşünülen petrol, doğalgaz gibi hidrokarbon kaynakları gelmektedir. Ayrıca, Arktika Okyanusu’nun, küresel ısınma sebebiyle gelecek on yıllarda tamamen buzlardan arınacağına ilişkin tahminler, bölgedeki Kuzeybatı Geçidi ve Kuzey Denizi Rotası’nın, uluslararası ticaretteki geleneksel suyollarına alternatif olabilecekleri beklentisini yaratmıştır. Bu bağlamda, başta Arktika devletleri olmak üzere, dünyanın enerji ve ticaret devi ülkeleri, Arktika ile yakından ilgilenmektedir. Bir Arktika devleti olarak Rusya, geçmişten gelen tecrübesiyle bölgede süregelen jeopolitik mücadelelerin çok önemli bir unsurudur. Hâlihazırda, Arktika’daki en geniş kıyılara sahip devlet olan Rusya’nın, Arktika bölgesinin enerji kaynakları bakımından çok zengin olduğu düşünülmektedir. İşte bu makalede, Rusya’nın Arktika’ya geçmişten bugüne yaklaşımları, bölgedeki faaliyetleri ve muhtemel gelecek perspektifi ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arktika, Kuzey Kutbu, Rusya Federasyonu, Rusya Arktikası

Arctic Policy of the Russian Federation

Öz

The Arctic region, located in the northernmost part of the world, is

largely ice-covered. However, because of global warming affecting the entire

planet through climate change, the Arctic region recently has been receiving

increasing attention. The foremost reason for this attention is the presence of

large amounts of useful hydrocarbon resources, such as oil and gas. Further,

it has been predicted that, owing to global warming, the Arctic Ocean would

become ice-free; this has raised questions pertaining to whether the Northwest

Passage and Northern Sea Route could be alternatives to traditional seaways

in international transport. In this context, the Arctic states and energy and

trade giants, worldwide, are taking a close interest in the Arctic region. As an Arctic country, Russia, with its own historical experiences, is a crucial factor

in the ongoing geopolitical challenges. At present, Russia possesses the largest

shelves in the Arctic region, and the Russian Arctic is considered highly rich in

energy resources. This study discusses Russia’s approaches to the Arctic from

the past to present, its regional activities, and possible future plans.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arctic, North Pole, Russian Federation, Russian Arctic

Kaynakça

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