Sayısal Yükseklik Modellerindeki Mekânsal Çözünürlük Değişkenliğinin Taşkın Tehlike Analizine Etkileri

Yıl 2023, , 137 - 156, 25.05.2023

Hasan Özdemir , Abdullah Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1177718

Öz

Taşkın tehlike ve risk çalışmalarında temel altlık veri olarak yüzey topografyasını temsil etmesi bakımından raster tabanlı Sayısal Yükseklik Modelleri (SYM) sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; küresel ve lokal ölçekte kullanılan ve birçok çalışmalara altlık oluşturan farklı kaynaklı ve farklı çözünürlükteki SYM’lerle taşkın tehlike analizleri gerçekleştirerek, Ulus yerleşmesi (Bartın) temelindeki tehlikenin değişkenliğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda atlık verileri, Ulus Çayı havzası ve Ulus yerleşmesi için elde edilen MERIT 90m, FABDEM 30m, TopoSYM 10m, SYM5m, LiDAR 1m ve İHA 0,1m çözünürlüklü SYM verileri, Ulus yerleşmesine akış gösteren Ulus üst kolu, Süleyman, Alpı ve Eldeş akarsularının SWAT yağış-akış modeliyle üretilmiş 500 yıllık akımları oluşturmaktadır. Bu veriler ile mekânsal çözünürlük değişkenliğini iyi ortaya koyabilmek için sabit Manning n değeri kullanılarak (n=0.035), 2 boyutlu LISFLOOD-FP hidrodinamik model temelinde taşkın tehlike analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak düşük çözünürlükten yüksek çözünürlüğe model zamanı ve ortalama hesaplama hataları artarken, suyun yayılışı, insan ve bina için üretilen tehlike sınıflarının alansal dağılışı azalış göstermiştir. Bölgesel yapılacak çalışmalarda FABDEM verisi daha avantajlı iken havza bazlı yapılacak çalışmalarda LiDAR verisi veya üzerindeki bina ve bitki örtüsü topluluklarına ait yüksekliklerin temizlenmesi koşuluyla SYM5 verisi kullanılabilir verilerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Taşkın tehlike, Sayısal Yükseklik Modeli, LISFLOOD-FP, Ulus Çayı

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi, TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

OUAP(F)-2019/13 ve 121Y578

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, çalışma alanının içine alacak şekilde LiDAR verisini sağlayan Delta LiDAR firması ve İbrahim Şimşek’e teşekkür eder.

The Effects of Spatial Resolution Variability of Digital Elevation Models on Flood Hazard Analysis

Öz

Raster-based Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) represent the surface topography as the primary input in flood hazard and risk studies. The study aims to reveal the variability of the hazard at the base of the Ulus settlement by performing flood hazard analyses with different source and resolution DEMs, which are used on a global and local scale and form a primary input for many studies. For this purpose, DEMs data, such as MERIT 90m, FABDEM 30m, TopoDEM 10m, DEM5m, LiDAR 1m, and UAV 0.1m, for the Ulus River basin and settlement and the 500-year flood produced for the river tributaries using the SWAT rainfall-runoff model were used. To examine spatial resolution variability, flood hazard analyses were performed based on the two-dimensional LISFLOODFP hydrodynamic model, using a fixed Manning n value (n=0.035). As a result, although there is an increase in cost, time, and model instabilities from low resolution to high resolution, it is essential to choose the most appropriate DEM according to the required detail and scale of the hazard analysis to be able to obtain more accurate results. While the model time and average computational errors from low resolution to high resolution increased, the water extent and the spatial distribution of the hazard classes produced for people and buildings decreased. The FABDEM data is more advantageous in regional studies than others, whereas the LiDAR data can be used in basin-scaled studies. In addition, the DEM5 data also can be used in basin-scaled studies after clearing the heights of the buildings and vegetation groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Flood hazard, Digital Elevation Model, LISFLOOD-FP, Ulus River

Proje Numarası

OUAP(F)-2019/13 ve 121Y578

Kaynakça

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