Sürdürülebilir İklim Duyarlı Kentlerin Pandemideki Dirençlilikleri

Öz

Bir küresel kriz olarak nitelendirilebilen COVID-19 pandemisi, küresel ağların düğüm noktaları olan kentlerde daha çok görülmektedir. Bu sebeple kentler, pandemi ile mücadelede en önemli aktör olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Pandeminin yaratmış olduğu krizin etkilerine benzer nitelikte olan ve hatta daha yıkıcı riskleri taşıyan iklim krizi ile mücadelede de kentler, en önemli role sahip aktörlerden biridir. Dolayısıyla kentlerin, bu riskler karşısında dirençliliğini artırabilmesi ve iklim krizi ile mücadele edebilmesi için sürdürülebilirlik politikalarını uygulamaları önem taşımaktadır. Sürdürülebilirlik politikalarının uygulanması hususunda birçok küresel ağ, hem küresel iklim politikalarına hem de kent yönetimlerine çeşitli destekler sunmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, pandemi ile birlikte kentlerin sosyo-mekânsal yapısına yönelik tartışmaların, “kentsel sürdürülebilirlik ve kentsel dirençlilik” boyutları ele alınarak, üç farklı küresel sürdürülebilirlik ağlarının üçüne de üye olan, farklı yönetim biçimlerine sahip 5 ülkeden seçilen, farklı ölçeklerdeki kentlerin pandemi sürecindeki dirençliliğine ve sürdürülebilirliği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada küresel kentsel ağların belirlediği sürdürülebilirlik ve dirençlilik hedeflerinin, pandeminin yarattığı koşullar altında seçilen kentlerde yeterince bağlayıcı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda birçok kentin sürdürülebilirlik ve dirençlilik politikalarında “sosyal boyutu” yeterince dikkate almadığı, birçok kentte sağlık sistemlerinin hala yetersiz olduğu ve sosyo-mekânsal adaletsizliğin afet dönemlerinde kırılganlığı artırdığı bu çalışmanın temel sonuçlarından bazılarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• kentsel dirençlilik
• kentsel sürdürülebilirlik

The Resilience of Sustainable Climate-Sensitive Cities in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Öz

Cities that are the nodal points of global networks have been hit hardest by The COVID-19 pandemic. Cities are also one of the most significant actors in fighting against the climate crisis, which is similar to the effects of the crisis created by the pandemic and carries even more devastating risks. Therefore, it is crucial for them to implement sustainability policies to increase their resilience against these risks and combat the climate crisis. In implementing sustainability policies, many global networks offer various supports to both global climate-sensitive policies and city governments. In this study, the “urban sustainability and urban resilience” dimensions were discussed on the socio-spatial structure of cities during the pandemic, and inferences were made regarding the resilience and sustainability of the cities according to their sizes during the pandemic process. Cities were selected from five different countries which have different government types and are members of three different global sustainability networks. The study contributes to the the literature by showing whether efficiently applied sustainability policies of a global sustainability membership matter for different-sized cities in increasing their resilience or not. It is found that the sustainability and resilience targets determined by the global urban networks are not applied in the cities participating in these networks, under the risk conditions created by the pandemic. In addition, many member cities do not sufficiently consider the “social dimension” in their sustainability and resilience policies such as health systems. It is surprising to see their insufficiency socio-spatial injustice and vulnerability in disaster periods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Urban sustainability
• Urban Resilience

Kaynakça

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