Ladik Gölü Havzası’ndaki Potansiyel Toprak Erozyonu Alanlarının AHP ve CBS Entegrasyonu ile Değerlendirilmesi (Samsun, Türkiye)

Öz

Toprak başta canlı yaşamı, tarımsal faaliyetler ve gıda tedariki için gerekli olan temel bir unsurdur. Dolayısıyla bu temel unsurun varlığı ve korunması sürdürülebilir arazi yönetimi için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan Lâdik Gölü Havzası, Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde, Orta Karadeniz Bölümü’nde yer alan tektonik bir havzadır. Araştırma kapsamında Lâdik Gölü Havzası’nda birden çok coğrafi faktörün Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) teknikleri kullanılarak toprak erozyonu duyarlılık analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler yapılırken eğim, toprak derinliği, litoloji, yükseklik, arazi kullanımı, drenaj yoğunluğu, drenaj sıklığı ve yağış olmak üzere sekiz (8) coğrafi faktör kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda toprak erozyonu duyarlılığı için düşük, orta, yüksek ve çok yüksek olmak üzere dört (4) farklı düzey belirlenmiş ve havzanın %27,44’ü düşük, %14,63’ü orta, %36,30’u yüksek ve %21,63’ü çok yüksek düzeyde toprak erozyonu duyarlılığı tespit edilmiştir. Buradaki yüzde oranlarını %27,44'ünde düşük, %14,63'ünde orta, %36,30'unda yüksek, %21,63'ünde çok yüksek düzeyde toprak erozyonu duyarlılığı tespit edilmiştir. Toprak erozyonun önüne geçmek ya da erozyonu yavaşlatmak alınabilecek bazı önlemlerle mümkündür. Tarımsal kullanımın yoğun olduğu havzada eğim değerlerine uygun tarımsal işleme ve ürün seçimi ilk akla gelen uygulamadır. Bu tür çalışmalar karar vericilere erozyona karşı yerinde önlemler almaları için yol gösterici niteliktedir. Ayrıca çalışma neticesinde elde edilen sonuçlara yönelik çalışma sahasında erozyonun önlenmesi ve azaltılması için gerekli çalışmaların neler olduğu konusuna da dikkat çekilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak Erozyonu
• Toprak Erozyonu Duyarlılık Analizi
• Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP)
• Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)
• Ladik Gölü Havzası

Evaluation of Potential Soil Erosion Areas in the Ladik Lake Basin via AHP and GIS Integration (Samsun, Türkiye)

Öz

Soil is a fundamental element essential for living organisms, agricultural activities, and food supply. Therefore, the presence and conservation of this fundamental element are crucial for sustainable land management. The Ladik Lake Basin, which was analyzed in this study, is a tectonic basin located in the Northern part of Turkey in the Middle Black Sea Region. Within the scope of this research, soil erosion susceptibility analysis was conducted using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, considering multiple geographical factors in the Ladik Lake Basin. In the analyses, eight (8) geographical factors were used: slope, soil depth, lithology, elevation, land use, drainage density, drainage frequency, and precipitation. As a result of the analysis, four (4) distinct levels were identified for soil erosion susceptibility, classified as low, moderate, high, and very high, and the findings revealed that 27.44 % of the basin exhibited low susceptibility, 14.63 % moderate susceptibility, 36.30 % high susceptibility, and 21.63 % very high susceptibility to soil erosion. Preventing or slowing soil erosion is possible through various measures. In a basin with intensive agricultural use, appropriate agricultural practices and crop selection based on slope values are the primary considerations. Such studies serve as a guide for decision makers in taking on-site measures to prevent erosion. Additionally, attention is drawn to the necessary efforts for preventing and reducing erosion in the study area based on the results obtained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil Erosion
• Soil Erosion Susceptibility Analysis
• Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Ladik Lake Basin

Kaynakça

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