The Relationship Between Space And Belonging Of Turkish Migrants In London

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 30, 61 - 78, 05.11.2015

Ahmet Uysal

Öz

The concept of space is so significant in order to figure out the sense of belonging of migrants and the concept of belonging, which is multidimensional. Given that the question of “who are you” is connected with the question of “where are you from”, the geographical perspective is convenient to comprehend the relationship between belonging and space. The relationship between belonging and space in general has three dimensions: Locational, personal and social dimensions. This paper examines the location dimension which are reflected in the ways of “being both in here and there”, “being neither in here nor there” and “being a citizen of the world”. In addition, the concepts of belonging and space affect and reproduce one another. From a geographical perspective, the aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between space and belonging among the Turkish migrants in London, and the places that have profound influence on their sense of belonging. Field observation was used for a method to gain information about Turkish spaces in London. Also, semi-structured interview, which is a method in qualitative resource, was used for comprehending the process of the migration and the relationship between space and sense of belonging. In this sense, it was made thirty two semi-structured interview to represent the inclusiveness of belonging.

 

Key Words: Turkish immigration, Migrant, Belonging.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

LONDRA’DAKİ TÜRKLERDE AİDİYET VE MEKÂN İLİŞKİSİ

Öz

Çok boyutlu bir kavram olan aidiyeti ve özellikle göçmenlerin aidiyet duygusunu anlamak için mekân kavramı oldukça önemlidir. “Kimsin” sorusunun “nerelisin” sorusuyla paralellikler gösterdiği göz önüne alınırsa, aidiyet ve mekân arasındaki ilişkiye coğrafi bir perspektif ile bakmak aidiyet kavramını anlamak için oldukça faydalıdır. Göçmenlerde mekân ve aidiyet ilişkisinin yansıması “hem orada hem burada olma durumu”, “ne orada ne burada olma durumu” ve “dünya vatandaşı olma durumu” şeklindedir. Ayrıca mekân ve aidiyet arasındaki ilişki birbirini etkileyen ve yeniden üreten bir olgudur. Bu ifade edilen coğrafi perspektifle, yarım asrı aşan bir süredir Londra’da bulunan Türkiyeli ve Kıbrıslı göçmenlerin mekân ve aidiyet ile kurdukları ilişkiyi nelerin ve nerelerin etkilediğini irdelemek, çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Göçmenlerin aidiyet duygusu ile mekân arasındaki ilişkisiyi incelemek için nitel yöntemlerden birisi olan derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, otuz iki kişi ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır ve bu görüşmeler sayesinde Londra’daki göçmenlerin mekân ile kurdukları aidiyet ilişkisinin derinliği ve çeşitliliği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk Göçü, Göçmen, Aidiyet.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türk Göçü, Göçmen, Aidiyet

Kaynakça

• ANSARI, H., 2004, The infidel within: Muslims in Britain since 1800, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, London.
• ARMSTRONG, W., 1999, Belonging, ethnic diversity and everyday experience: co existing identities on the Italo Slovene frontier, McGill University, Montreal.
• ASTONISH, M., 2010, “Searching for Belonging: An Analytical Framework”, Geography Compass 4:644-659
• BALIKÇIOĞLU, O., 2012, Londralılar, Işık Yayınları, Lefkoşa.
• BROWN, B., and PERKINS, D.D., 1992, “Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: Individual and block levels of analysis”, Journal of Environmental Psychology 23 (2003) 259–271
• BUONFINO, A. and Thomson, L., 2007, Belonging in contemporary Britain, Commission on Integration and Cohesion, London.
• BUTTIMER, A., 1980, “Home, reach, and the sense of place”, In The human experience of space and place, eds. Anne Buttimer and David Seamon, 166-187. London, Croom Helm..
• CASEY, E., 1997, The fate of place:a philosophical history, University of California Press, Berkeley.
• CROUCHER, S. L., 2004, Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity in Changing World, Rowman & Littlefield, Boulder.
• DÜVEL, F., 2000, Turkish Migration to th UK, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), Oxford.
• ENNELI, P., MODOOD, T., and BRADLEY, H., 2005, Young Turks and Kurds: A set of 'invisible' disadvantaged groups, Joseph Rowntree Foundation/University of Bristol, York.
• EHRKAMP, P., 2005, “We Turks are no Germans': Assimilation discourses and the dialectical construction of identities in Germany”, Environment and Planning A 38, 1673- 1682.
• FENSTER, T., 2005, “Gender and the city: the different formations of belonging. In L. Nelson and J. Seager (eds) A companion to feminist geography, Oxford, Blackwell, 242- 257.
• FONTONA, A. and JAMES, H. F. 2000 The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. Handbook of qualitative research, ed. DENZIN N.K and LINCOLN, Y.S. 645- 672. 2.baskı, Thousand Oaks, Sage.
• FOX, L., 2006, Conceptualising home: Theories, laws and policies, Hart Publishing, London.
• HO, E. L.-E., 2006, “Negotiating belonging and perceptions of citizenship in a transnational world: Singapore, a cosmopolis?”, Social & Cultural Geography 7(3), 385- 401.
• HOME AFFAIRS COMMITTEE, 2011, “Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union, The Stationery Office.
• JACOPS, J. M., 2004, “Too many houses for a home: Narrating the house in the Chinese diaspora”, In Drifting: Architecture and migrancy, ed. Stephen Cairns, 164-184, Routledge, London.
• LEE, C. and HUMMON, D.M., 1993, “A Place to Call Home: Identification with Dwelling, Community, and Region”, The Sociological Quarterly, Cilt. 34, No. 1 (Spring, 1993), s. 111- 131
• MACKENZIE, A. F. D., 2004, Place and the art of belonging, Cultural Geographies 11(115-137)
• MADSEN, K. D. and NAERSSEN, T., 2003, Migration, identity, and belonging. Journal of Borderlands Studies 18(1), 61-75
• MASSEY, D., 1994, Space, place and gender, Polity Press, Cambridge.
• MEHMET ALI, A., 2001, Turkish Speaking Communities and Education – No Delight , Fatal Publications, London.
• RELPH, E., 1976, Place and Placelessness, Pion, London.
• ROBINS, K. and AKSOY, A., 2001, “From spaces of identity to mental spaces: lessons from Turkish Cypriot cultural experience in Britain”, Journal ofEthnic and Migration Studies, 27 (4): 685-711.
• SICAKKAN, H. G. and LITHMAN, Y., 2005, “Theorizing identity politics, belonging modes and citizenship”. In SICAKKAN, H.G. and Y. LITHMAN, Y (eds) Changing the basis of citizenship in the modern state. Political theory and political diversity, New York, Edwin Mellen Press, 197-225.
• SONYEL, R. 1988 The Silent Minority: Turkish Muslim Children in British School, The Islamic Academy, Cambridge.
• SPORTON, D. and VALENTINA, G., 2007, “Identities on the Move: the integration experiences of Somali refugee and asylum seeker young people”,University of Leeds, Leeds.
• TUAN, Yi-Fu., 1974, “Space and place: humanistic perspective”, Progress in Geography 6: 213-252.
• TUAN, Yi-Fu., 1977, Space and place: The perspective of experience, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
• TÜMERTEKIN, E. ve ÖZGÜÇ, N., 2013, Beşeri Coğrafya: İnsan, Kültür ve Mekân, Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul.
• UYSAL, A., 2014, Londra’da Türk Varlığı: Mekan ve Aidiyet, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
• VERONIS, L., 2007, “Strategic spatial essentialism: Latin Americans real and imagined geographies of belonging in Toronto”, Social & Cultural Geography 8(3), 455-473.
• YILMAZ, I., 2005, Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan, Ashgate, Aldershot.
• YUVAL-DAVIS, N., 2006, “Belonging and the politics of belonging”, Patterns of Prejudice 40(3), 197-214.
• WHITE, A. and GILMARTIN, M., 2008, “Critical geographies of citizenship and belonging in Ireland”, Womens Studies International Forum 31(5), 390-399. WINDERS, J., 2007, “Bringing back the (B)order: Post-9/11 politics of
• immigration, borders, and belonging in the contemporary US South” Antipode 39(5), 920-942.