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Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 1 - 18, 06.01.2022

Yusuf Kızılkan , Saliha Koday

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275

Öz

The integration of sustainability to the concept of development and the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations added another dimension to the relationship between human and environment. The Brundtland Report and Agenda 21 report published in 1987 and 1992, respectively, diversified the mountainous area approaches and they have become a research subject for sustainability research. Studying developmental aspects of sustainability approaches towards mountainous areas and determining their limits have posed challenges since the beginning. Recently, these impediments are overcome by various Geographic Information Systems and criteria for mountainous area relimitations based on environmental and topographic characteristics. However, socio-economic assessments for the mountainous area relimitations are yet to be performed. This article highlights the importance of international and national scale in, several relimitation projects and analysis of Giresun’s mountainous areas focusing on topographical and the socioeconomic characteristics. A three-step approach has been adopted for socio-economic analysis of mountainous areas. The first step is the introduction of the physical integrity of the mountainous areas and the natural environmental conditions. The second is to determine the boundaries of mountainous areas and zones affected by mountainous areas in social and economic terms by adhering to natural conditions. Third, the socio-economic analysis of the mountainous areas in Giresun Province through 11 criteria. An assessment proposal based on socio-economic characteristics regarding human-nature interactions in mountainous areas has been presented, as well. The diversity of aspects that affect the sustainability of mountainous areas is explained with practical examples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mountainous Area Socio-Economic Analysis Giresun Province

Kaynakça

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Dağlık Alanlarda Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma: Giresun İli Dağlık Alanlarının Sınırlandırılması ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Özellikleriyle Analizi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 1 - 18, 06.01.2022

Yusuf Kızılkan , Saliha Koday

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275

Öz

Kalkınma kavramına sürdürülebilirliğin dahil edilmesi ve Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından belirlenen sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri ile insan ve çevre ilişkisi ayrı bir boyut kazanmıştır. 1987’de Brundtland Raporu ve 1992 yılında yayınlanan Gündem 21 raporu ile dağlık alan yaklaşımları çeşitlenmiş ve bu alanlar sürdürülebilirlik yönüyle çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımlarının dağlık alanlardaki kalkınma yönlerinin incelenmesi ve dağlık alanların sınırlarının belirlenmesi geçmişten günümüze zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu zorluklar günümüzde çeşitli Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve çevre özellikleriyle topografik niteliklere bağlı dağlık alan sınırlamalarına yönelik kriterlerle aşılmaktadır. Ancak oluşturulan dağlık alan sınırlamalarında sosyo-ekonomik özellikler açısından değerlendirmelerde bulunulmamıştır. Bu makale uluslararası ve ulusal ölçekte dağlık alanların önemini ve çeşitli sınırlama çalışmalarını vurgulayarak, Türkiye’de yapılacak olan topografik özellikler temelinde, Sosyo-Ekonomik niteliklere bağlı dağlık alan analizini içermektedir. Bu kapsamda dağlık alanlarda sosyo-ekonomik analiz için üç aşamalı yaklaşım benimsenmiştir; birincisi dağlık alanların fiziki bütünlükleri ve doğal çevre şartlarına yönelik tanıtımdır; ikincisi doğal şartlara bağlı kalarak sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda dağlık alan sınırlarının ve dağlık alanlardan etkilenen zonların belirlenmesidir; üçüncüsü ise Giresun İli dağlık alanlarının 11 kritere göre sosyo-ekonomik açıdan analizidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada insan ve çevre ilişkisi içinde dağlık alanlarda sosyo-ekonomik özelliklere bağlı değerlendirme önerisi sunulmuş, dağlık alanların sürdürülebilirliğine etki edecek yönlerin çeşitliliği uygulamalı örnekleriyle açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dağlık Alanlar Sosyo-Ekonomik Analiz Giresun İli

Kaynakça

  • Akten, S., and Gül, A. (2014). Korunan Doğal Alanlarda Ziyaretçilerin Olası Etki Düzeyleri Önlem Ve Standartların Belirlenmesi (Gölcük Tabiat Parkı Örneği). Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 15(2), 130-139. google scholar
  • Bayar, R., and Karabacak, K. (2020). Determination of human impact on land cover: The case of Ankara Province. Cografya Dergisi. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2019-0043 google scholar
  • Bekdemir, Ü., and Sezer, İ. (2016). Giresun İlinin Turizm Potansiyeli. Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler, Nobel Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Birinci, S. Kaymaz, Ç.K. and Camcı, A. (2017). Harran County Seat and Traditional Dome Residencies in Terms of Culture Tourism (Şanliurfa)”, Turkish Studies-International Periodical for the Lan-guages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(3), 93-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.11289 google scholar
  • Blyth, S. (2002). Mountain Watch: Environmental Change Sustainable Developmental in Mountains (No. 12). UNEP/Earthprint. google scholar
  • Botkin, J. W., Elmandjra, M., and Malitza, M. (1979). No Limits to Learn-ing: Bridging the Human Gap: The Report to The Club of Rome. google scholar
  • Dal, N., and Gönençgil, B. (2018). Türkiye’de Dağ ve Dağlık Alan Sınırlandırması için Bir Yaklaşım, TÜCAUM 30. Yıl Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu, Bildiriler Kitabı, 907-913. google scholar
  • Dax, T. (2005). The redefinition of Europe’s Less Favoured Areas. 3rd Annual Conference - Rural Development in Europe Funding Europe-an RuralDevelopment in 2007-2013,15-16November 2005, London google scholar
  • Debarbieux, B., Price, M. F., and Balsiger, J. (2015). The institutional-ization of mountain regions in Europe. Regional Studies, 49(7), 1193-1207. google scholar
  • Elibüyük, M., and Yılmaz, E. (2010). Türkiye’nin Coğrafi Bölge ve Bölümlerine Göre Yükselti Basamakları ve Eğim Grupları (Altitude Steps and Slope Groups of Turkey in Comparison with Geographi-cal Regions and Sub-Regions). Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 8(1), 27-55. google scholar
  • Erol, O. (1992). 1/1.000.000 scale Geomorphological map of Turkey. Ankara: MTA. google scholar
  • Espon (The European Observation Network for Territorial Develop-ment and Cohesion) and University of Geneva (2012). Geographi-cal Specificities and Development Potentials in Europe: Final Scientific Report. google scholar
  • European Commission (2004). Mountain Areas in Europe: Analysis of Mountain Areas in EU member States, Acceding and other Europe-an Countries. Nordregio Report 2004: 1, Report to the Director-ate-General for Regional Development, European Commission. Stockholm: Nordregio. google scholar
  • Fisunoğlu, M. (1997). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekonomi. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Uygulanması Tartışma Toplantısı 11-12 Aralık 1997, Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayın, (126), 13-26. google scholar
  • Funnell, D. C. and Price, M. F. (2003). Mountain geography: A review. Geographical Journal, 169(3), 183-190. google scholar
  • Giresun İli Doğa Turizmi Master Planı (2013-2023). (2013). T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı 12. Bölge Müdürlüğü Giresun Şube Müdürlüğü. Giresun. google scholar
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  • Godde, P. M., Price, M. F. and Zimmermann, F. M. (Ed.). (2000). Tour-ism and Development in Mountain Regions. USA: Cabi Publishing google scholar
  • Gönençgil B. (1999). “Dağlık Alanların Sürdürülebilir Kullanımı İçin Dağ Alanları Yönetimi (DAY) ve Planlaması”, Türkiye’de Çevre Kirlenmesi Öncelikleri Sempozyumu III, 18-19 Kasım 1999, Kocaeli google scholar
  • Gönençgil, B. (2009). Küresel Degredasyon Sürecinde Dağlar ve Dağ Alanları Yönetimi. İstanbul: Çantay Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Gürgen, G. (1997). Şebinkarahisar-Alucra Çevresinde Volkanik Şekiller. Ankara Üniversitesi Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 6, 149-161. google scholar
  • Hoşgören, M. Y. (2011). Jeomorfoloji Terimleri Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Çan-tay Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Huddleston, B., Ataman, E., and Fe d’Ostiani, L. (2003). Towards a GIS-based Analysis of Mountain Environments and Populations. Environment and Natural Resources Working Paper 10. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. google scholar
  • Hulse, J. H. (2007). Sustainable Development at Risk: Ignoring the Past. International Development Research Centre, Cambridge Uni-versity Press. India google scholar
  • Jia, Y., Tang, X., and Liu, W. (2020). Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Value and Landscape Ecological Risk in Wuhu City. Sustainability, 12(7), 2803. google scholar
  • Kang, S., Lee, S. R., and Cho, S. E. (2020). Slope Stability Analysis of Unsaturated Soil Slopes Based on the Site-Specific Characteristics: A Case Study of Hwangryeong Mountain, Busan, Korea. Sustain-ability, 12(7), 2839. google scholar
  • Kapos, V., Rhind, J., Edwards, M., Price, M. F., and Ravilious, C. (2000). Developing A Map of The World’s Mountain Forests. Forests in Sustain-able Mountain Development: A State of Knowledge Report For 2000. Task Force on Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development, 4-19. google scholar
  • Keçer, M. (1993). 1 / 25.000 Scale Geomorphological Map of Giresun Province google scholar
  • Koday, S., Kaymaz, H., and Kaya, G. (2018). Kuzalan Tabiat Parki’nin Doğa Turizm Potansiyeli (Dereli-Giresun). Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 37, 124-143. google scholar
  • Koday, S., Koday, Z. and Kızılkan, Y. (2017). Siirt Ilinde Bir Mesken Kültürü: Cas Evleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(4), 1369-1385. google scholar
  • Kohler, T., Hurni, H., Wiesmann, U., and Klay, A. (2004). Mountain infrastructure: access, communication, and energy. in Martin F. Price, Libor F. Jansky, and Andrei A. Iatsenia Key Issues for Moun-tain Areas (pp. 38-62). New York: United Nations University Press. google scholar
  • Kohler, T., Pratt, J., Debarbieux. B., Balsiger, J., Rudaz G., Maselli D., (eds) 2012. From Rio 1992 to Rio 2012 and beyond. Final Draft for Rio 2012. Sustainable Mountain Development, Green Economy and Institutions. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC); Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) University of Bern. google scholar
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Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yusuf Kızılkan 0000-0001-9815-8129

Saliha Koday 0000-0003-2515-4287

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 43

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızılkan, Y., & Koday, S. (2022). Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis. Coğrafya Dergisi(43), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275
AMA Kızılkan Y, Koday S. Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis. Coğrafya Dergisi. Ocak 2022;(43):1-18. doi:10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275
Chicago Kızılkan, Yusuf, ve Saliha Koday. “Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis”. Coğrafya Dergisi, sy. 43 (Ocak 2022): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275.
EndNote Kızılkan Y, Koday S (01 Ocak 2022) Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis. Coğrafya Dergisi 43 1–18.
IEEE Y. Kızılkan ve S. Koday, “Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis”, Coğrafya Dergisi, sy. 43, ss. 1–18, Ocak 2022, doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275.
ISNAD Kızılkan, Yusuf - Koday, Saliha. “Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis”. Coğrafya Dergisi 43 (Ocak 2022), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275.
JAMA Kızılkan Y, Koday S. Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2022;:1–18.
MLA Kızılkan, Yusuf ve Saliha Koday. “Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis”. Coğrafya Dergisi, sy. 43, 2022, ss. 1-18, doi:10.26650/JGEOG2021-850275.
Vancouver Kızılkan Y, Koday S. Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Relimitation of Mountain Areas in Giresun Province and A Socio-Economic Analysis. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2022(43):1-18.
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