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Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018)

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 45, 69 - 83, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298

Öz

Understanding the long-term variations of extreme temperature events is important for detecting and understanding the characteristics of climate change. However, it is not clear to what degree urbanization impacts climate change. In the study, station pairs were created by selecting 42 stations that recorded data between 1970-2018 to reflect the climate characteristics seen in Turkey. The changes of the selected climate indices in these station pairs in the hot (April-September) and cold (October-March) periods were examined by taking into account the observations covering the years 1970-2018. This study utilized the RClimDex program and Mann Kendall trend analysis technique. The RClimDex program was used to generate 27 climate indices. The information derived from the indices not only demonstrates how the mean value changes over time, rather, it; also contains information about how the statistical distribution of the data has changed. In addition, the results provide crucial information about the trends of extremes. In the study, 4 indices related to temperature (Diurnal Temperature Range, Cool Nights, Warm Nights, Minimum of Minimum) were selected and examined. When the changes in the climate indices of the selected stations in the hot and cold periods are examined, it is observed that the change in the hot period is more pronounced than the change in the cold period. According to Mann Kendall trend analysis, most of the trends are statistically significant at the 95% level in all station pairs examined. Results of the trend analysis show that the fastest tendency to increase occur in stations located in the Black Sea, Aegean and Mediterranean coastal zones where the moisture content in the air is higher. This finding points to the positive feedback mechanism created by the increased moisture content in atmosphere through global climate change.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, D. Z. (2013). Hot Days in the Summer in Turkey and Their Trends (1970-2006). (In Turkish). Turkish Geographical Review 61, 1-10. google scholar
  • Aguilar, E. M., Brunet, M., Peterson, T., &Wieringa J. (2003) Guidelines on climate metadata and homogenization. World Meteorological Organization 53, 55-65. google scholar
  • Alexander LV, Zhang X, Peterson TC, Caesar J, Gleason B, Klein TankAMG, Haylock M, Collins D, Trewin B, Rahimzadeh F, Tagipour A, Rupa Kumar K, Revadekar J, Griffiths G, Vincent L, Stephenson DB,Burn J, Aguilar E, Brunet M, Taylor M, New M, Zhai P, Rusticucci M,Vazquez-Aguirre JL. (2006) Global observed changes in daily climateextremes of temperature and precipitation. .J. Geophys. Res.111(D5):D05109, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006290. google scholar
  • Amani-Beni, M., Zhang, B., Gao-di, X., Xu, J. (2018) Impact of urban park’s tree, grass and waterbody on microclimate in hot summer days: A case study of Olympic Park in Beijing, China, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 32.1/6. google scholar
  • Atalay, i. (2013). Applied climatology (In Turkish), META MediaPrinting, Bornova/izmir. google scholar
  • Aykir, D., (2017) The Effect of Urbanization in Extreme Temperature Indices in Turkey (In Turkish). Turkish Geographical Review 69. 47/57. google scholar
  • Brazdil, R., Chroma, K., Dobrovolny, P., Tolasz, R., (2009). Climate fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period 1961-2005. Int. J. Climatol. 29, 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1718. google scholar
  • Coper, M.J., & Garreaud, R. D. (2015). Characterization of the 1970s climate shift in South America, International Journal of Climatology, 35, 2164-2179. google scholar
  • Çiçek, İ. (2005) Changes in City and Rural Temperature Differences in Ankara (In Turkish) (1970- 2002). Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences, V:15, Issue: 2, S: 1-16, Elazığ. google scholar
  • De Luis, M., Cufar, K., Saz, M.A., Longares, L.A., Ceglar, A., Kajfez-Bogataj, L., (2014). Trends in seasonal precipitation and temperature in Slovenia during 1951-2007. Reg. Environ. Chang. 14, 18011810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0365-7. google scholar
  • Dumitrescu, A., Bojariu, R., Birsan, M.-V., Marin, L., Manea, A., (2015). Recent climatic changes in Romania from observational data (1961-2013). Theor. Appl. Climatol. 122, 111-119. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00704-014-1290-0. google scholar
  • El Kenawy, A., Lopez-Moreno, J.I., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., (2012). Trend and variability of surface air temperature in northeastern Spain (1920-2006): Linkage to atmospheric circulation. Atmos. Res. 106, 159-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.12. 006 Erlat, E., & Yavaşlı D.D. (2009) Changes and Trends in Tropical Days and Summer Days in the Aegean Region (In turkish)). Aegean Geographical Journal 18/(1-2), 1-15. google scholar
  • Erlat, E., & Türkeş, M. (2017). Observed Variations and Trends in Number of Tropical Nights in Turkey. Aegean Geographical Journal, 26(2), 95-106. google scholar
  • Ezber, Y., Şen, Ö. L., & Karaca M., (2007). Investigation of urbanization effects on climate in Istanbul: Using statistical and dynamical techniques”. Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, 667-679. google scholar
  • Feidas, H., Makrogiannis, T., Bora-Senta, E., (2004). Trend analysis of air temperature time series in Greece and their relationship with circulation using surface and satellite data: 1955-2001. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 79, 185-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00704-016-1854-2. google scholar
  • Gönençgil, B. (2011). Effects of urbanization on temperature trends and the concept of urban heat island (In Turkish). Turkish Geographical Society Publication 6, 127-136. google scholar
  • Hua, L.J.; MA, Z.G. & Guo, W.D., (2007). The impact of urbanization on air temperature across China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology google scholar
  • Huth, R., Pokorna, L., (2005). Simultaneous analysis of climatic trends in multiple variables: an example of application of multivariate statistical methods. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 469-484. https://doi. org/10.1002/joc.1146 google scholar
  • IPCC, (2007). The Fourth Assessment Report. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 28-73. google scholar
  • IPCC, (2013). The Fifth Assessment Report. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 159-203. google scholar
  • Kalaycı, S., & Kahya, E. (1998). Determination of water quality trends of Susurluk basin rivers (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science 22, 503-514. google scholar
  • Kioutsioukis, I., Melas, D., & Zerefos, C. (2009). Statistical assessment of changes in climate extremes over Greece (1955-2002). International Journal of Climatology. 10.1002/joc.2030. google scholar
  • Klein, T. A., &Können, G. (2003). Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe 1946-1999. Journal of Climate 16, 3665-3680. google scholar
  • Klein Tank, A.M.G., Können, G.P., Selten, F.M., (2005). Signals of anthropogenic influence on European warming as seen in the trend patterns of daily temperature variance. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1087 google scholar
  • Kum, G., & Kılıç, Ş. (2013). The effect of urbanization on temperature and precipitation parameters: The case of Antep” (In Turkish). Journal of Social Sciences 3.6, 23-39. google scholar Landsberg, H. (1981). The urban climate. Academic Press, 221-260. google scholar
  • Libiseller, C., & Grimwall, A., (2002). Performance of partial Mann Kendall Tests for trend detection in the presence of covariates. Environmetrics 13.1, 71-84. google scholar
  • Mamara, A., Argiriou, A.A., Anadranistakis, M., (2016). Recent trend analysis of mean air temperature in Greece based on homogenized data. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 126, 543-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00704-015-1592-x. google scholar
  • Marsh, W., (1991). Landscape planning, environmental applications. 2nd Edition, 202-253. google scholar
  • Mostafa, N.A., Amira N. M., Wheida, A. , El Nazer, M., Adel, M., El Leithy, L., Siour, G., Coman, A., Borbon, A., Wahab Magdy, A., Omar, M., Saad-Hussein, A., Alfaro, S.C. (2019). Past (1950-2017) and future (2100) temperature and precipitation trends in Egypt. Weather and Climate Extremes, 26/100225. google scholar
  • Nastos, P.T., & Matzarakis, A.P. (2008). Variability of tropical days over Greece within the second half of the twentieth century. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 93: 75-89. google scholar
  • Pathak, C., Chandra, S., Maurya, G., Rathore, A., Sarif, M.O., Gupta, R.D. (2020). The Effects of Land Indices on Thermal State in Surface Urban Heat Island Formation: A Case Study on Agra City in India Using Remote Sensing Data (1992-2019). Earth System and Environment. DOI: 10.1007/s41748-020-00172-8 google scholar
  • Rousta, I., Sarif, M. O., Gupta, R. D., Olafsson, H., Ranagalage, M., Murayama, Y., Zhang, H., and Mushore, T. D. (2018). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover and Its Effects on Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat Data: A Case Study of Metropolitan City Tehran (1988-2018). Sustainability, 10(12), 1-26; DOI: 10.3390/ su10124433. google scholar
  • Shi, P. Qiao, X., Chen, X., Zhou, M., Qu, S., Ma, X., Zhang, Z. (2014). Spatial distribution and temporal trends in daily and monthly precipitation concentration indices in the upper reaches of the Huai River, China. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess (2014) 28:201-212 DOI 10.1007/s00477-013-0740-z. google scholar
  • Pokorna, L., Kucerova, M. , Huth, R., (2018). Annual cycle of temperature trends in Europe, 1961-2000, Global and Planetary Change, 170/146-162.Sarif, M. O., Gupta, R. D. (2019). Land Surface Temperature Profiling and Its Relationships With Land Indices: A case study on Lucknow City. International Workshop on ‘Capacity building and Education Outreach in Advanced Geospatial Technologies and Land Management’, ISPRS Annals, Land Management Training Center, 10th -11th December, 2019, Dhulikhel (Near Kathmandu), Nepal; DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-5-W2-89-2019 google scholar
  • Sarif, M. O., Rimal, B., and Stork, N. E. (2020). Assessment of spatial and temporal dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover and its influence on land surface temperatures in Surface Urban Heat Island: A case study of the Kathmandu Valley. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(12), 1-29; DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9120726. google scholar
  • Serquet, G., Marty, C., Dulex, J.P., Rebetez, M., (2011). Seasonal trends and temperature dependence of the snowfall/precipitation-day ratio in Switzerland. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L07703. https://doi. org/10.1029/2011GL046976. google scholar
  • Scherrer, S.C., Ceppi, P., Croci-Maspoli, M., Appenzeller, C., (2012). Snow-albedo feedback and Swiss spring temperature trends. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 110, 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0712-0. google scholar
  • Sneyers, R. (1990). On the statistical analysis of series of observations. WMO Technical Note 143, 192. google scholar
  • Şensoy, S., Demircan, M., & Alan, Ü. (2008). Trends in Turkey climate extrme indices from 1971 to 2004. IV. Atmospheric Sciences Symposium Proceedings, 453-460 google scholar
  • Türkeş, M., Sümer, U., Demir, İ. (2002). Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929-1999. International Journal of Climatology 22: 947-977. google scholar
  • Van Oldenborgh, G.J., Drijfhout, S., van Ulden, A., Haarsma, R., Sterl, A., Severijns, C., Hazeleger, W., Dijkstra, H., (2009). Western Europe is warming much faster than expected. Clim. Past 5, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-1-2009. google scholar
  • Wibig, J., Glowicki, B., (2002). Trends of minimum and maximum temperature in Poland. Clim. Res. 20, 123-133. https://doi. org/10.3354/cr020123. google scholar
  • WMO, (2016). World Meteorological Organization Statement on the status of the global climate in 2015. WMO-No. 1167. WMO: Author. google scholar
  • Xiaolan, W. (2003.) Detection of Undocumented Changepoints: A Revision of The Two- Phase Regression Model. Journal of Climate 16, 3383-3385. google scholar
  • Xoplaki, E., Gonzalez-Rouco, J.F., Gyalistras, D., Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Wanner, H. (2003). Interannual summer air temperature variability over Greece and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and Mediterranean SSTS. 1950-1999. Climate Dynamics 20: 537-554. google scholar
  • Xoplaki, E., Luterbacher, J., Paeth, H., Dietrich, D., Steiner, N., Grosjean, M., Wanner, H., (2005). European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium. Geoph. Res. Lett. 32, L15713. https://doi.org/10. 1029/2005GL023424. google scholar

Türkiye’de Seçilen Bazı Istasyonlarda Sıcaklık Ekstremlerinin Dönemsel Değişimleri, 1970-2018

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 45, 69 - 83, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298

Öz

Ekstrem sıcaklık olaylarının uzun süreli değişimlerini anlamak, iklim değişikliğinin tespiti ve özelliklerinin anlaşılması için önemlidir. Bununla birlikte şehirleşmeden ne kadar etkinin geldiği açık değildir. Bu çalışmada şehir özelliğine sahip 21 istasyon ile kırsal özelliğe sahip 21 istasyon seçilmiştir. Nüfusu 100 binin altında olan yerler kırsal olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki 1970-2018 yılları arasında 42 meteoroloji istasyonu için şehir ve kır istasyon çiftleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu istasyon çiftlerinde seçilen iklim indislerinin sıcak ve soğuk dönemdeki değişimleri,1970-2018 yılları arasını kapsayan rasatları dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme için RClimDex programı ve Mann Kendall trend analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. RClimDex programı 27 adet iklim indisi üretmektir. İndislerden türetilmiş bilgi yalnızca ortalama değerin zaman içinde nasıl değiştiğini değil; aynı zamanda verinin istatistiksel dağılımının nasıl değiştiği konusunda da bilgi içerir. Ayrıca sonuçlar ekstremlerin trendleri hakkında çok önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada sıcaklık ile ilgili olan 4 indis seçilerek incelenmiştir. Seçilen istasyonların iklim indislerinin sıcak ve soğuk dönemdeki değişimleri incelendiğinde sıcak dönemdeki değişimin, soğuk döneme göre, şehir istasyonlarında kır istasyonlarına göre değişimin daha daha belirgin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Mann Kendall trend analizine göre incelenen tüm istasyon çiftlerinde Trendlerin çoğu %5 seviyesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Trend analizinin sonuçları istasyonlarda en hızlı artış eğiliminin havadaki nem içeriğinin daha yüksek olduğu Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz kıyı kuşağında yer alan istasyonlarda gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Bu durum küresel iklim değişimi ile birlikte atmosferde artan nem içeriğinin oluşturduğu pozitif geri besleme mekanizmasını düşündürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, D. Z. (2013). Hot Days in the Summer in Turkey and Their Trends (1970-2006). (In Turkish). Turkish Geographical Review 61, 1-10. google scholar
  • Aguilar, E. M., Brunet, M., Peterson, T., &Wieringa J. (2003) Guidelines on climate metadata and homogenization. World Meteorological Organization 53, 55-65. google scholar
  • Alexander LV, Zhang X, Peterson TC, Caesar J, Gleason B, Klein TankAMG, Haylock M, Collins D, Trewin B, Rahimzadeh F, Tagipour A, Rupa Kumar K, Revadekar J, Griffiths G, Vincent L, Stephenson DB,Burn J, Aguilar E, Brunet M, Taylor M, New M, Zhai P, Rusticucci M,Vazquez-Aguirre JL. (2006) Global observed changes in daily climateextremes of temperature and precipitation. .J. Geophys. Res.111(D5):D05109, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006290. google scholar
  • Amani-Beni, M., Zhang, B., Gao-di, X., Xu, J. (2018) Impact of urban park’s tree, grass and waterbody on microclimate in hot summer days: A case study of Olympic Park in Beijing, China, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 32.1/6. google scholar
  • Atalay, i. (2013). Applied climatology (In Turkish), META MediaPrinting, Bornova/izmir. google scholar
  • Aykir, D., (2017) The Effect of Urbanization in Extreme Temperature Indices in Turkey (In Turkish). Turkish Geographical Review 69. 47/57. google scholar
  • Brazdil, R., Chroma, K., Dobrovolny, P., Tolasz, R., (2009). Climate fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period 1961-2005. Int. J. Climatol. 29, 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1718. google scholar
  • Coper, M.J., & Garreaud, R. D. (2015). Characterization of the 1970s climate shift in South America, International Journal of Climatology, 35, 2164-2179. google scholar
  • Çiçek, İ. (2005) Changes in City and Rural Temperature Differences in Ankara (In Turkish) (1970- 2002). Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences, V:15, Issue: 2, S: 1-16, Elazığ. google scholar
  • De Luis, M., Cufar, K., Saz, M.A., Longares, L.A., Ceglar, A., Kajfez-Bogataj, L., (2014). Trends in seasonal precipitation and temperature in Slovenia during 1951-2007. Reg. Environ. Chang. 14, 18011810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0365-7. google scholar
  • Dumitrescu, A., Bojariu, R., Birsan, M.-V., Marin, L., Manea, A., (2015). Recent climatic changes in Romania from observational data (1961-2013). Theor. Appl. Climatol. 122, 111-119. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00704-014-1290-0. google scholar
  • El Kenawy, A., Lopez-Moreno, J.I., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., (2012). Trend and variability of surface air temperature in northeastern Spain (1920-2006): Linkage to atmospheric circulation. Atmos. Res. 106, 159-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.12. 006 Erlat, E., & Yavaşlı D.D. (2009) Changes and Trends in Tropical Days and Summer Days in the Aegean Region (In turkish)). Aegean Geographical Journal 18/(1-2), 1-15. google scholar
  • Erlat, E., & Türkeş, M. (2017). Observed Variations and Trends in Number of Tropical Nights in Turkey. Aegean Geographical Journal, 26(2), 95-106. google scholar
  • Ezber, Y., Şen, Ö. L., & Karaca M., (2007). Investigation of urbanization effects on climate in Istanbul: Using statistical and dynamical techniques”. Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, 667-679. google scholar
  • Feidas, H., Makrogiannis, T., Bora-Senta, E., (2004). Trend analysis of air temperature time series in Greece and their relationship with circulation using surface and satellite data: 1955-2001. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 79, 185-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00704-016-1854-2. google scholar
  • Gönençgil, B. (2011). Effects of urbanization on temperature trends and the concept of urban heat island (In Turkish). Turkish Geographical Society Publication 6, 127-136. google scholar
  • Hua, L.J.; MA, Z.G. & Guo, W.D., (2007). The impact of urbanization on air temperature across China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology google scholar
  • Huth, R., Pokorna, L., (2005). Simultaneous analysis of climatic trends in multiple variables: an example of application of multivariate statistical methods. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 469-484. https://doi. org/10.1002/joc.1146 google scholar
  • IPCC, (2007). The Fourth Assessment Report. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 28-73. google scholar
  • IPCC, (2013). The Fifth Assessment Report. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 159-203. google scholar
  • Kalaycı, S., & Kahya, E. (1998). Determination of water quality trends of Susurluk basin rivers (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science 22, 503-514. google scholar
  • Kioutsioukis, I., Melas, D., & Zerefos, C. (2009). Statistical assessment of changes in climate extremes over Greece (1955-2002). International Journal of Climatology. 10.1002/joc.2030. google scholar
  • Klein, T. A., &Können, G. (2003). Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe 1946-1999. Journal of Climate 16, 3665-3680. google scholar
  • Klein Tank, A.M.G., Können, G.P., Selten, F.M., (2005). Signals of anthropogenic influence on European warming as seen in the trend patterns of daily temperature variance. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1087 google scholar
  • Kum, G., & Kılıç, Ş. (2013). The effect of urbanization on temperature and precipitation parameters: The case of Antep” (In Turkish). Journal of Social Sciences 3.6, 23-39. google scholar Landsberg, H. (1981). The urban climate. Academic Press, 221-260. google scholar
  • Libiseller, C., & Grimwall, A., (2002). Performance of partial Mann Kendall Tests for trend detection in the presence of covariates. Environmetrics 13.1, 71-84. google scholar
  • Mamara, A., Argiriou, A.A., Anadranistakis, M., (2016). Recent trend analysis of mean air temperature in Greece based on homogenized data. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 126, 543-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00704-015-1592-x. google scholar
  • Marsh, W., (1991). Landscape planning, environmental applications. 2nd Edition, 202-253. google scholar
  • Mostafa, N.A., Amira N. M., Wheida, A. , El Nazer, M., Adel, M., El Leithy, L., Siour, G., Coman, A., Borbon, A., Wahab Magdy, A., Omar, M., Saad-Hussein, A., Alfaro, S.C. (2019). Past (1950-2017) and future (2100) temperature and precipitation trends in Egypt. Weather and Climate Extremes, 26/100225. google scholar
  • Nastos, P.T., & Matzarakis, A.P. (2008). Variability of tropical days over Greece within the second half of the twentieth century. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 93: 75-89. google scholar
  • Pathak, C., Chandra, S., Maurya, G., Rathore, A., Sarif, M.O., Gupta, R.D. (2020). The Effects of Land Indices on Thermal State in Surface Urban Heat Island Formation: A Case Study on Agra City in India Using Remote Sensing Data (1992-2019). Earth System and Environment. DOI: 10.1007/s41748-020-00172-8 google scholar
  • Rousta, I., Sarif, M. O., Gupta, R. D., Olafsson, H., Ranagalage, M., Murayama, Y., Zhang, H., and Mushore, T. D. (2018). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover and Its Effects on Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat Data: A Case Study of Metropolitan City Tehran (1988-2018). Sustainability, 10(12), 1-26; DOI: 10.3390/ su10124433. google scholar
  • Shi, P. Qiao, X., Chen, X., Zhou, M., Qu, S., Ma, X., Zhang, Z. (2014). Spatial distribution and temporal trends in daily and monthly precipitation concentration indices in the upper reaches of the Huai River, China. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess (2014) 28:201-212 DOI 10.1007/s00477-013-0740-z. google scholar
  • Pokorna, L., Kucerova, M. , Huth, R., (2018). Annual cycle of temperature trends in Europe, 1961-2000, Global and Planetary Change, 170/146-162.Sarif, M. O., Gupta, R. D. (2019). Land Surface Temperature Profiling and Its Relationships With Land Indices: A case study on Lucknow City. International Workshop on ‘Capacity building and Education Outreach in Advanced Geospatial Technologies and Land Management’, ISPRS Annals, Land Management Training Center, 10th -11th December, 2019, Dhulikhel (Near Kathmandu), Nepal; DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-5-W2-89-2019 google scholar
  • Sarif, M. O., Rimal, B., and Stork, N. E. (2020). Assessment of spatial and temporal dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover and its influence on land surface temperatures in Surface Urban Heat Island: A case study of the Kathmandu Valley. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(12), 1-29; DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9120726. google scholar
  • Serquet, G., Marty, C., Dulex, J.P., Rebetez, M., (2011). Seasonal trends and temperature dependence of the snowfall/precipitation-day ratio in Switzerland. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L07703. https://doi. org/10.1029/2011GL046976. google scholar
  • Scherrer, S.C., Ceppi, P., Croci-Maspoli, M., Appenzeller, C., (2012). Snow-albedo feedback and Swiss spring temperature trends. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 110, 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0712-0. google scholar
  • Sneyers, R. (1990). On the statistical analysis of series of observations. WMO Technical Note 143, 192. google scholar
  • Şensoy, S., Demircan, M., & Alan, Ü. (2008). Trends in Turkey climate extrme indices from 1971 to 2004. IV. Atmospheric Sciences Symposium Proceedings, 453-460 google scholar
  • Türkeş, M., Sümer, U., Demir, İ. (2002). Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929-1999. International Journal of Climatology 22: 947-977. google scholar
  • Van Oldenborgh, G.J., Drijfhout, S., van Ulden, A., Haarsma, R., Sterl, A., Severijns, C., Hazeleger, W., Dijkstra, H., (2009). Western Europe is warming much faster than expected. Clim. Past 5, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-1-2009. google scholar
  • Wibig, J., Glowicki, B., (2002). Trends of minimum and maximum temperature in Poland. Clim. Res. 20, 123-133. https://doi. org/10.3354/cr020123. google scholar
  • WMO, (2016). World Meteorological Organization Statement on the status of the global climate in 2015. WMO-No. 1167. WMO: Author. google scholar
  • Xiaolan, W. (2003.) Detection of Undocumented Changepoints: A Revision of The Two- Phase Regression Model. Journal of Climate 16, 3383-3385. google scholar
  • Xoplaki, E., Gonzalez-Rouco, J.F., Gyalistras, D., Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Wanner, H. (2003). Interannual summer air temperature variability over Greece and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and Mediterranean SSTS. 1950-1999. Climate Dynamics 20: 537-554. google scholar
  • Xoplaki, E., Luterbacher, J., Paeth, H., Dietrich, D., Steiner, N., Grosjean, M., Wanner, H., (2005). European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium. Geoph. Res. Lett. 32, L15713. https://doi.org/10. 1029/2005GL023424. google scholar
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Dilek Aykır 0000-0002-2748-4055

İbrahim Atalay 0000-0002-0327-1485

Mücahit Coşkun 0000-0002-7881-6742

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 45

Kaynak Göster

APA Aykır, D., Atalay, İ., & Coşkun, M. (2022). Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018). Coğrafya Dergisi(45), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298
AMA Aykır D, Atalay İ, Coşkun M. Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018). Coğrafya Dergisi. Aralık 2022;(45):69-83. doi:10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298
Chicago Aykır, Dilek, İbrahim Atalay, ve Mücahit Coşkun. “Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018)”. Coğrafya Dergisi, sy. 45 (Aralık 2022): 69-83. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298.
EndNote Aykır D, Atalay İ, Coşkun M (01 Aralık 2022) Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018). Coğrafya Dergisi 45 69–83.
IEEE D. Aykır, İ. Atalay, ve M. Coşkun, “Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018)”, Coğrafya Dergisi, sy. 45, ss. 69–83, Aralık 2022, doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298.
ISNAD Aykır, Dilek vd. “Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018)”. Coğrafya Dergisi 45 (Aralık 2022), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298.
JAMA Aykır D, Atalay İ, Coşkun M. Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018). Coğrafya Dergisi. 2022;:69–83.
MLA Aykır, Dilek vd. “Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018)”. Coğrafya Dergisi, sy. 45, 2022, ss. 69-83, doi:10.26650/JGEOG2022-1094298.
Vancouver Aykır D, Atalay İ, Coşkun M. Periodic Changes of Temperature Extremes at Some Selected Stations in Turkiye (1970-2018). Coğrafya Dergisi. 2022(45):69-83.