Havran Lagünü’nde (Balıkesir) Ekolojik Risk Seviyesinin Zamansal Değişimi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 46, 123 - 135, 25.05.2023

Dilek Aykır , Şakir Fural , Serkan Kükrer , Yunus Emre Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1180818

Öz

Havran Lagünü; Balıkesir’in Havran ilçesinde, Ege Denizi kıyısında, Havran Çayı’nın ağız kısmında oluşan bir sulak alandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; yörede hızla artan antropojenik aktivitelerden kaynaklanan element kirliliğinin lagün üzerindeki ekolojik etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu kapsamda; Havran Lagünü’nden 34 cm uzunluğunda bir sediment karotu alınmıştır. Elementlerin taşınım süreçlerindeki rollerini belirlemek için klorofil bozunma ürünleri ve toplam organik karbon analizi yapılmıştır. Çoklu element analizleri ICP-MS ile Bureau Veritas Analytical Laboratuvarı’nda (Kanada) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zenginleşme faktörü ve jeoakümülasyon indeksi ile element kaynakları belirlenmiştir. Ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi için toksik risk indeksi, ekolojik ve potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi kullanılmıştır. Zenginleşme faktörü sonuçlarına göre karotun farklı bölümlerinde Mo, Ti, Mn ve Cd orta düzeyde, As önemli düzeyde zenginleşmiştir. Bu durum, bahsi geçen elementlerin antropojenik aktivitelerden etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Temel Bileşen Analizi sonuçlarına göre; Mo, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, Hg ve Cu, Pb, As ortak kaynaklı görünmektedir. Toksik risk karotun alt bölümlerinde yüksek As kontaminasyonuna bağlı olarak orta dereceye ulaşmış ancak yüzeyde düşük seviyeye inmiştir. Hg ve As orta derecede, Cd orta – önemli derecede ekolojik risk oluşturmaktadır. Lagünde orta derecede potansiyel ekolojik risk bulunmaktadır. Karot yüzeyinde artan organik karbon ve klorofil bozunma ürünleri konsantrasyonu organik kirliliğin bir göstergesidir. Elementlerin kaynak tanımlamalarında tarım, endüstri, yerleşme baskın antropojenik faaliyetler olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kıyı ekosistemi, Ekolojik risk, Element kontaminasyonu

Destekleyen Kurum

Ardahan Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

2020-006

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Ardahan Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından 2020-006 nolu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Destekleri için Ardahan Üniversitesi BAP birimine teşekkür ederiz. Arazi çalışmasındaki destekleri için Prof. Dr. Abdullah SOYKAN ve Uzman Furkan İNAN’a teşekkür ederiz.

Temporal Change in The Ecological Risk Level of The Havran Lagoon (Balıkesir)

Öz

The Havran Lagoon is formed at the mouth of the Havran Stream in the Havran district of Balıkesir, located on the Aegean Sea coast. This study aimed to investigate the ecological effects of element pollution on the lagoon caused by rapidly increasing anthropogenic activities in the region. In this context, 34 cm-long core was taken from the Havran Lagoon, and then to determine their role in the transport processes of the elements, chlorophyll degradation products and total organic carbon analysis were performed. Element concentration analyzes were performed with ICP-MS at the Bureau Veritas Analytical Laboratory (Canada). Element sources were identified with the help of the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index. The toxic risk index, ecological risk index, and potential ecological risk index were used for ecological risk assessment. According to the findings obtained from enrichment factor, Mo, Ti, Mn and Cd were found to be moderately enriched, while As was significantly enriched in different parts of the core. Hence, it was confirmed that the mentioned elements were affected by anthropogenic activities. According to the results of the principal component analysis, Mo, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Hg and Cu, Pb, and As appear to have common sources. The toxic risk reached a moderate level due to high As contamination in the lower parts of the core, but decreased to a low level at the surface. Hg and As produced a moderate ecological risk, while Cd was associated with a moderate to significant ecological risk. There is a moderate potential ecological risk in the lagoon. The increasing concentration of organic carbon and chlorophyll degradation products in recent years indicates organic pollution. The dominant anthropogenic activities were identified to be agriculture, industry, and settlement during the resource definition of the elements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coastal Ecosystem, Ecological Risk, Element Contamination

Proje Numarası

2020-006

Kaynakça

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