A Forgotten Source in the History of Linguistics: Husserl’s Logical Investigations

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 37, 105 - 117, 31.12.2021

Simone Aurora Çevirmen: Tuba Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.26650/jol.2021.892241

Öz

In appearance, Husserl’s (1859-1938) writings seem not to have had any influence on linguistic research, nor does what the German philosopher wrote about language seem to be worth a place in the history of linguistics. The purpose of the paper is exactly to contrast this view, by reassessing both the position and the role of Husserl’s early masterpiece — the Logical Investigations — within the history of linguistics. To this end, I will focus mainly on the third (On the theory of wholes and parts) and fourth (The distinction between independent and non-independent meanings). Investigations, paying special attention to Husserl’s mereology and to the idea of a general pure grammar. The paper tries to situate the third and fourth Logical Investigation within the general context of late nineteenth-century and early twentiethcentury linguistics and furthermore attempts to show the historical and theoretical importance of the Logical Investigations for the birth and the development of one of the most important linguistic “schools” of the twentieth century, namely structural linguistics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, History of Linguistics

Dilbilim Tarihinde Unutulmuş Bir Kaynak: Husserl’in Mantıksal Araştırmaları

Öz

Görünüşe göre, Edmund Husserl’in (1859-1938) yazılarının dilbilimsel araştırma üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olmadığı gibi Alman filozofun dille ilgili yazdıklarının da dilbilim tarihinde yer almaya değmez olduğu görülür. Makalenin amacı, Husserl’in ilk başyapıtının- Mantıksal Araştırmalar / The Logical Investigations -dilbilim tarihi içerisindeki hem konumunu hem de rolünü yeniden değerlendirerek bu görüşü tam olarak karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla ağırlıklı olarak üçüncü (bütün ve parça teorisi) ve dördüncü (bağımsız ve bağımsız olmayan anlamlar arasındaki ayrım) bölümler üzerinde durulacaktır. Araştırmalar, Husserl’in mereolojisine ve genel saf dilbilgisi fikrine özel önem verir. Çalışma, üçüncü ve dördüncü bölümlerde Mantıksal Araştırmaları (The Logical Investigations) geç on dokuzuncu yüzyıl ve erken yirminci yüzyılın genel şartları içinde konumlandırmaya çalışır ve dahası yirminci yüzyılın en önemli dilbilimi “ekoller”inden birinin, yani yapısal dilbilimin, doğuşu ve gelişiminde Mantıksal Araştırmaların tarihsel ve teorik önemini göstermeyi amaçlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Edmund Husserl, Mantıksal Araştırmalar, Dilbilim Tarihi

Kaynakça

• Amsterdamska, O. (1987). The Neogrammarian Doctrine. Sociology of the Sciences Monographs, vol 6. Springer. Dordrecht.
• Bar-Hillel, Y. (1977). “Husserl’s Conception of a Purely Logical Grammar” in J.N. Mohanty (ed.). Readings on Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations. Nijhoff. The Hague.
• Benveniste, É. (1962). “‘Structure’ en linguistique” in R. Bastide (ed.). Sens et usages du terme structure dans les sciences humaines et sociales. Mouton & Co., The Hague.
• Brøndal, V. (1943). “Linguistique structurale” in V. Brøndal. Essais de linguistique générale. Munksgaard. Copenhague.
• Campbell, L. (1999). Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. The MIT Press. Cambridge. Crystal, D. (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Blackwell. Malden-OxfordCarlton.
• Dennes, M. (1997). “L’influence de Husserl en Russie au début du XXe siècle et son impact sur les émigrés russes de Prague” Cahiers de l’ILSL. No. 9.
• Drummond, J.J. (2003). “Husserl’s Third Logical Investigation: Parts and Wholes. Founding Connections, and the Synthetic A Priori” in D.O. Dahlstrom (ed.). Husserl’s Logical Investigations. Kluwer. Dordrecht.
• Fine, K. (1995). “Part-Whole” in B. Smith, D.W. Smith (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Husserl. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
• Flack, P. (2013). “Le moment phénoménologique de la linguistique structurale” Cahiers de l’ILSL, No. 37.
• Graffi, G. (2001). 200 Years of Syntax John Benjamins, Amsterdam-Philadelphia.
• Gonzàlez, Porta M.A. (2008). “La Idea de una Morfología de la Significación o Gramática Universal en la 4ª Investigación Lógica de Husserl” Cognitio. Vol. 9. No. 1.
• Holenstein, E. (1975). Roman Jakobsons phänomenologischer Strukturalismus. Suhrkamp. Frankfurt am Main.
• Holenstein, E. (1976). Linguistik Semiotik Hermeneutik. Plädoyers für eine strukturale Phänomenologie. Suhrkamp. Frankfurt am Main.
• Holenstein, E. (1985). Sprachliche Universalien. Eine Untersuchung zur Natur des menschlischen Geistes. Brockmeyer. Bochum.
• Husserl, E. (1984). Logische Untersuchungen. Zweiter Band. Erster Teil. Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis. Husserliana. Vol. 19 (1), hrsg. von U. Panzer, Nijhoff, The Hague-Boston- Lancaster.
• Jakobson, R. (1962). “Typological Studies and Their Contribution to Historical Comparative Linguistics” in Selected Writings I. Phonological Studies. Mouton & Co., The Hague.
• Jakobson, R. (1962). “Kindersprache, Aphasie, und allgemeine Lautgesetze” in R. Jakobson. Selected Writings I. Phonological Studies. Mouton & co, The Hague.
• Lakoff, R. (1976). “La Grammaire générale et raisonnée, ou la grammaire de Port-Royal” in H. Parret (ed.). History of Linguistic Thought and Contemporary Linguistics de Gruyter. Berlin-New York.
• Lyons, J. (1995). Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
• Orth, E.W. (1973). “Philosophy of Language as Phenomenology of Language and Logic” in M. Natanson (ed.). Phenomenology and the Social Sciences. Volume I. Northwestern University Press, Evanston.
• Ortiz, Hill C. (2003). “Incomplete Symbols, Dependent Meanings, and Paradox”. in D.O. Dahlstrom (ed.). Husserl’s Logical Investigations. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
• Patočka, J. (1999). “Roman Jakobsons phänomenologischer Strukturalismus” in J. Patočka. Texte, Dokumente, Bibliographie, Karl Alber/ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ. FreiburgMünchen/Prag.
• Pos, H. (2013). Écrits sur le langage. Sdvig Press. Geneve-Lausanne.
• Saussure, F. De. (1995). Course de linguistique générale. Payot & Rivages. Paris.
• Smith, B., Smith D.W. (1995). “Introduction” in B. Smith, D. W. Smith (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Husserl Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
• Sokolowski, R. (1977). “The Logic of Parts and Wholes in Husserl’s Investigations” in J.N. Mohanty (ed.). Readings on Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations. Nijhoff, The Hague.
• Sonesson, G. (2004). “The Meanings of Structuralism. Considerations on Structures and Gestalten, with Particular Attention to the Masks of Lévi-strauss” Segni e Comprensione, XXVI, No. 78.
• Stempel, W.-D. (1978). Gestalt, Ganzheit, Struktur. Aus Vor- und Frühgeschichte des Strukturalismus in Deutschland. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.
• Stjernfelt, F. (2007). Diagrammatology. An Investigation on the Borderlines of Phenomenology, Ontology, and Semiotics. Springer, Dordrecht.
• Swiggers, P. (1981). “The relationships between Phenomenology and Structuralism: Some Critical Remarks” Ars Semiotica. Vol. 4. No. 3.
• Trask, R.L. (2014). A Student’s Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Routledge, Abingdon-New York.