Araştırma Makalesi

Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory

Sayı: 55 31 Aralık 2021
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Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory

Öz

There has been contemporary disagreement about Aristotle`s substance theory. This disagreement has mainly focused on the problem of whether Aristotelian forms are particular or universal. According to the majority of the criteria which are stipulated by Aristotle in Metaphysics Zeta, forms are substances. However, Aristotle also explicitly outlines in the Zeta, and especially in chapters 13 and 16, that no universal can be a substance. At these points in his work, Aristotle should have been clearer regarding whether forms are universals or particulars. In terms of the conclusion of Chapter 13 of Zeta, as well as some other criteria, one may conclude that, if the substance is form, then it should be particular. There are many instances, however, where Aristotle says that since universals are knowable, particulars cannot be known. It seems that if substances are particulars, it is hard to see how they can be knowable. Furthermore, if they are universal, it is hard to say whether particular forms are substances. Since Aristotle never mentioned whether forms could be both universal and particular, this causes difficulties. To examine this problem in more depth, I will not only analyse some textual evidence which is often used to justify the view that forms are universal, but also some textual evidence which is used to justify the view that forms are particular. In so doing, I will also identify some possible solutions regarding the problem of the status of forms in Aristotle`s substance theory. Lastly, I will suggest that individual forms are substances because they are instances of universals and, hence, may be knowable. I will support my view by employing the neo-Aristotelian substance theory posited by Jonathan Lowe; namely, the “Four-Category Ontology.” .

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Aristotle. Metaphysics. Translated by David Bostock. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.
  2. Aristotle. Metaphysics. Translated by Ross D.W. N.C.: Alex Catalogue, 2000.
  3. Aristotle. Categories, and De Interpretatione. Translated by Ackrill J.L. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
  4. Cohen, S. Marc. "Individual and Essence in Aristotle`s Metaphysics". Paideia: Special Aristotle Edition. (1978): 75-85.
  5. Galluzzo, Gabriele. "Aquinas’s Interpretation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Book Z." Recherches de Theologie et Philosophie Medievales: Vol.74(2). (2007): 423-481.
  6. Halper, Edward, C. "Aristotle’s Solution of the Problem of Sensible Substance". Journal of Philosophy: XXXIV. (1987): 666-672.
  7. Heinaman, R. "Knowledge Of Substance In Aristotle". The Journal of Hellenic Studies: 101. (1981): 63-77.
  8. Lowe, E.J. "Form without Matter" Ratio: 11 (3). (1998): 214-234.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Felsefe

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2021

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Ekim 2021

Kabul Tarihi

10 Ocak 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2021 Sayı: 55

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kar, E. (2021). Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory. Felsefe Arkivi, 55, 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1012750
AMA
1.Kar E. Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory. Felsefe Arkivi. 2021;(55):35-48. doi:10.26650/arcp.1012750
Chicago
Kar, Erman. 2021. “Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory”. Felsefe Arkivi, sy 55: 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1012750.
EndNote
Kar E (01 Aralık 2021) Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory. Felsefe Arkivi 55 35–48.
IEEE
[1]E. Kar, “Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory”, Felsefe Arkivi, sy 55, ss. 35–48, Ara. 2021, doi: 10.26650/arcp.1012750.
ISNAD
Kar, Erman. “Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory”. Felsefe Arkivi. 55 (01 Aralık 2021): 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1012750.
JAMA
1.Kar E. Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory. Felsefe Arkivi. 2021;:35–48.
MLA
Kar, Erman. “Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory”. Felsefe Arkivi, sy 55, Aralık 2021, ss. 35-48, doi:10.26650/arcp.1012750.
Vancouver
1.Erman Kar. Particulars and Universals in Aristotelian Substance Theory. Felsefe Arkivi. 01 Aralık 2021;(55):35-48. doi:10.26650/arcp.1012750