Doğu ve Batı Arasında Yer Alan Haliç’te Bir Bulgar, Mimari Yerleşkesi. Balkanlar ve Güney-Doğu Avrupada’ki Tek Demir Kilise

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul, Haliç’te bulunan Bulgar St. Stephan Demir Kilisesi’ne ve 120 yıllık tarihine genel bir bakış sunmaktır. Makale, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve İstanbul’un tarihsel gelişimi içinde bu mimari kompleksin farklı yapım aşamalarını tanıtmaktadır. Bu aşamalar genellikle ahşap, taş ve demir ile özdeşleşmiştir. Bir kilise kompleksinden söz etmekteyiz zira farklı aşamaların gelişimi esnasında bitişik yapı olarak bir manastır ve okula ait fikirler mevcuttur. 19. yüzyılda dünyadaki demir yapıların mimari örnekleri incelenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak mimari bir yapı olan St. Stephan Kilisesi tarihsellik ve yeni biçim oluşturma akımı arasındaki sınırda yerini almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bulgar St. Stephan Demir Kilisesi,İstanbul’da Haliç,Osmanlı İmparatorluğu,Avrupa,Doğu ve Batı

THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE

Öz

The aim of the paper is to provide a general overview of the Bulgarian St Stephan steel church standing at the Golden Horn in Istanbul, and to reveal its history of over 100 years. The article describes the different stages of construction of the architectural complex during the historical development of Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire. Those stages are generally characterized as wooden, masonry and steel. Herein, we discuss a church complex because there used to be the idea for adjoining buildings of a convent/presbytery and a school to be built. Architectural analogues of 19th century iron structures across the world are presented and compared. Main conclusion is that St Stephan Church, as an architectural edifice, claims its place on the borderline between historicism and the innovative trends of the new form-formation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bulgarian St Stephan steel church,Golden Horn in Istanbul,Ottoman Empire,Europe,East and West.

Kaynakça

1. Archival
2. Archivio Cantonale di Bellinzona, ACB 1954 – 1971
3. ЦДА, Central State Archive, Bulgaria
4. Central State Archive (CSA), fund (f.) 321 K, inventory (inv.) 1, archive unit (a.u.) 473, sheet (sh.) 17-18. Protocol № 5 of the Building Commission meeting of November 18, 1895 (French lang.).
5. CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, a.u. 121, sheet (sh.) 59.
6. CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, a.u. 119, sh. 83, 82, 85,
7. CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, а. u. 121, sh. 135 b;
8. CSA, f. 246 K, inv. 1, a. u. 43, sh. 35, 65,

9. CSA, f. 246 K, inv. 1, а. u. 69, sh. 41 b.
10. CSA, f. 321 K, inv. 1, a.u. 473, sh. 19-20. Protocol № 6 of a meeting of the Building Commission of 18 November 1895.
11. CSA, f. 321 К, inv. 1, а. u. 473, sh. 143 – 144. Certificate for the establishment of the quality of steel for the Bulgarian building made in 1894 in Vienna. (French language)
12. National Library – Bulgarian Historical Archive, (fund 66), II A 5671 (grec lang., copy of the original), translation in bulg.: II A 5670.
13. Books and articles
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22. Поп Георгиев, Й., “Принос към историята на българската църква в Цариград”, Архив на Министерството на Народното просвещение, София, 1911, год. ІІІ, кн. 1, с. 20 – 51. [Pop Georgiev, J., „Contribution to the History of the Bulgarian Church in Constantinople“, Archives of the Ministry of National Enlightenment, Sofia].
23. Стойнов, Ив., Българската светиня на Златния Рог и нейното минало. По случай 25 годишнината на българската желязна черква Свети Стефан в Цариград. София, 1923. [Stoynov, I., The Bulgarian relic of the Golden Horn and its past. On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of St. Stephan’s Bulgarian Iron Church in Constantinople. Sofia].
24. Темелски, Хр., Българската светиня на Златния рог. Велико Търново, 1998, 2005, 2010. [Temelski, H., The Bulgarian Relic of the Golden Horn. Veliko Tarnovo].