TÜRK SEÇMENİNİN İDEOLOJİK ve SİYASİ DURUMU BAĞLAMINDA AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ALGISI

Yıl 2011, Sayı: 20, 101 - 130, 14.08.2014

Mustafa Şahin

Öz

Demokrasi fa rkh ideolojileri ve farkh kimlikleri temsil eden partiler aras111d an ozgurce bir tercih yapdmas1111 mumkun kdar. Farkh du unce sistemlerine, farkiI sosyo-klilturel ozelliklere sahip bireylerin farkh tercihlerde bulunmalan dogaldir. Siyasi davra111~111 en yaygm ve 6!9ulebilir bi9imi olan oy verme davram~ a yonclik olarak yapiian orneklem ara~tmnalan ve istatistikl analizlcrin amac1 sc9menin terci hl crin i ~eki llendiren etkenleri ortaya koymaya 9ah~maktad1r. Sc9meni tanunak, beklcntilerini/kaygiian111 ogrenmek ve bu dogrultuda politikalar iiretebi lmek, partiler i9in se9imi kazanmanm anahtan olarak g6rulmektcdir. Turkiye'de ser;:menlere yonelik r;:ah ~ma r yapiimakta ve farklI egi~ken er kullaniiarak ser;:men avra 111 lan analiz edilmeye 9ah Ilm akta d1r. Bizim 9ah~mam1z Turkiye ir;:in onemli ve bir o kadar da rtJ maiI bir konu olan Avrupa Birligi uyeligi konusunda Ti.irk ser;:menin du ~unce lerini ortaya koymay1 hedefl emektedir. Turk insanmm Avrupa Birligi konusunda farkl1 du~uncelere sahip olduklan bir ger9ektir. Ozellikle Turkiye'deki muhafazakar kesimlerle, ulusal kaygiian ag1r basan kesimler arasmda bu an lamda 9ok ciddi farklar olacag1 muhakkaktJr. Bu fa rkhhk, etnik kimlige dayah politikalar iiretmcye 9a ~a n partilerde ve bu partilerin se9menlerinde daha keskindir. Tiirkiye'dc faaliyet gosteren siyasal partilerin Avrupa Birligi'ne yonelik soylcmleri, ilgili partilerin ser;:menlerinin de Avrupa Birligi'ne ili~kin tercih lerini etkilemektcdir. pm1 ~ oldugumuz alan 9ah~mas1 koy mu tur . Tiirkiye genelinde yap!lan alan ara~tmnam1z, 18 ya~ ve iistli k1r/kent niifusunu temsil eden 2000 birimlik ornek kitle uzerinde 18 ilde gerr;:ek le tirilmi~tir. Amac1m1z Turk se9meninin siyasal parti tercihlerini, Avrupa Birligi 'ne yonelik tutumlanm ve yapilan tercihlerin Avrupa Birligi'ne yoneli k algilamalannda oynad1g1 rolu ortaya koymakt1r. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seçmen, seçmen davranışı, siyasal partiler, Avrupa Birliği

TURKISH VOTER'S PERCEPTION ABOUT EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL STANDING

Öz

Democracy makes possible to make a choice freely between political parties which represent different ideologies and ethnic identities. It is natural to have different preferences by individuals who have different belief systems and different socio-cultural aspects. As it is known "voting" is the most common and measurable form of political behavior. Purpose of many researches and statistical analysis about voting behavior is trying to bring out factors that shape voters' preferences. Recognizing the voters, learning their expectations and producing suitable policies have crucial importance for the political parties for winning the elections. As well as in many countries, voter oriented researches also being made in Turkey. Different variables are being used in these researches to analyze voting behavior. Purpose of our study is to bring out the ideas of Turkish voters about the Turkye's EU membership. As it is known Turkey's EU membership is a really important and really controversial question. It is a fact that Turkish people have different ideas about the membership and it is certain that there will be great difference between conservatives and overridingly nationalist parts in Turkey. This difference is quite sharp in some political parties and their voters which is trying to produce some policies based on ethnic identiti es. Attitudes and perceptions of Turkish political parties towards the European Union affects the preferences of their voters' ideas concerning with the European Union. In the same way the results of our field study has verified this point of view. Our field study was held on Turkey in general. We have done the research with a sampling which consist 2000 units of people from J 8 different cities of Turkey. Our subjects were at the age of 18 or older than 18 who represents rural and urban population of Turkey. Our aim is to reveal political party preferences of Turkish voters and the role of their preferences in the perception and attitudes towards the European Union.

Anahtar Kelimeler

vote1, voter behavior, political parties, European Union

Kaynakça

• Akgiin, Birol., Tiirkiye'de Sei;men Davram~1 PartiJer Sistemi ve Siyasal Giiven, Ankara: Nobel Yaymlan, 2002
• Av~ar, Nililfer, "Se9men Davramsmm Sosyo-Ekonomik Boyutlan ve Meslegin Se9men Davrams1 Ozerindeki Etkileri", (Bas1Imam1s Yiiksek Lisans Tezi), Siileyman Demirel Oniversitesi, Isparta, 2002
• Ba~levent, Cem., Hasan Kirmanoglu ve Burhan Senatalar, "Empirical Investigation Of Party Preferences And Economic Voting In Turkey", European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 44, No: 4, 2005, pp.547-562
• B6liikb~~1 , Saban Sitem., "Se9imlerde Ya~anan Oy Degi~kenlikleri", Dumlupmar Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitiisii Dergisi, 13, Kiitahya, ss.195-220
• <;:arkoglu, Ali ve Binnaz Toprak, Degi~en Tiirkiye'de Din, Toplum ve Siyaset, Istanbul: TESEV Yaymlan, No: 11 , 2006
• <;:etin, Halis., "Demokratik Me~ruiyet Versus Karizmatik Me~ruiyet , C.U. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, May1s 2003, Cilt: 27, No:l, ss.91-108
• Erdogan, Seyfettin., Siyaset-Ekonomi ili~kileri , tanbul:Degi~im Yaymevi, 2004 Esmer, Ylimaz, "At the ballot box: Determinants of voting behavior in Turkey", Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey, Y. Esmer and S. Sayan (eds.), Boulder: Lynn Rienner, 2002, pp.91-114
• Gomez T. Brad, J. Matthew Wilson, "Political Sophistication and Economic Voting in the American Electorate: A Theory of Heterogeneous Attribution ", American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 45, No. 4, Oct., 2001
• Giilmen, Yiiksel.,Tiirk Sei;men Davram~mda Ekonomik ve Sosyal Fakttirlerin Rolii 1960-1970, istanbul: istanbul Oniversitesi Yaymlan, Yaym No:253 l, 1979 /
• Harrop M&Miller W L, Elections and Voters: A Comparative Introduction, London: MacMillan Education Ltd.,1987
• Heywood, Andrew, Siyaset, <;::ev: Bekir Berat Ozipek vd., Ed. Bugra Kalkan, Ankara: Liberte Yaymlan, 2006
• Janda, Kenneth, Jeffery Berry ve Jerry Goldman, The Challenge of Democracy, 5th edition, Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 1997
• Kalayc10glu, Ersin, "The Shaping of Party Preferences in Turkey: Coping with the PostCold War Era'', New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol. 20, Spring 1999, pp.47-76 Kalayc1oglu, Ersin "Elections and Party Preferences in Turkey", Comparative Political Studies, vol.27, Issue 3, October, 1994,pp. 402-424
• Kalender, Ahmet., Siyasal ileti~im-Sei;menler ve ikna Stratejileri, Konya: <;: izgi Kitabevi Yaymlan, 2000
• Lazarsfeld, P., F.,Berelson B., H. Gaudet ., The People's Choice How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign, New York: Columbia University Press, 1968
• C>zcan, Yusuf Ziya., "Siyasi Parti Tercihleri Belirleyen Etmenler: istanbul Ornegi", (Determinants of Political Party Preferences: The Case of istanbul), Toplum ve Bilim, No. 76, Bahar 1998
• Ozsoy, Osman, Tiirkiye'de Se~men Davram$I ve Etkin Propaganda, istanbul: Alfa Yaymlan, 2002
• Toka, Gabor, "Party Appeals and Voter Loyalty in New Democracies", Political Studies, c.46, no.3, 1998
• Torlak, Si.iii.in Evirn;; ve Ferihan Polat, Denizli Ornegi <;er~evesinde Kentlile$me Siirecinde Se~men Davram$I Degi$imi, Ankara: Mi.ilkiye Dergisi, Say1 253, 2008, ss. 149-166
• Yildmm, Erdogan, Tiirkiye'de Siyaset Siireci ve Profesyonel Siyasette Benligin Kurulmas1: SHP Ornegi, Ankara:Ark Yaymlan, 1995.