Araştırma Makalesi
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Doğu ve Batı Arasında Yer Alan Haliç’te Bir Bulgar, Mimari Yerleşkesi. Balkanlar ve Güney-Doğu Avrupada’ki Tek Demir Kilise

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 32, 11 - 31, 31.12.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul, Haliç’te bulunan Bulgar St. Stephan Demir Kilisesi’ne ve 120 yıllık tarihine genel bir bakış sunmaktır. Makale, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve İstanbul’un tarihsel gelişimi içinde bu mimari kompleksin farklı yapım aşamalarını tanıtmaktadır. Bu aşamalar genellikle ahşap, taş ve demir ile özdeşleşmiştir. Bir kilise kompleksinden söz etmekteyiz zira farklı aşamaların gelişimi esnasında bitişik yapı olarak bir manastır ve okula ait fikirler mevcuttur. 19. yüzyılda dünyadaki demir yapıların mimari örnekleri incelenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak mimari bir yapı olan St. Stephan Kilisesi tarihsellik ve yeni biçim oluşturma akımı arasındaki sınırda yerini almıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Archival
  • Archivio Cantonale di Bellinzona, ACB 1954 – 1971
  • ЦДА, Central State Archive, Bulgaria
  • Central State Archive (CSA), fund (f.) 321 K, inventory (inv.) 1, archive unit (a.u.) 473, sheet (sh.) 17-18. Protocol № 5 of the Building Commission meeting of November 18, 1895 (French lang.).
  • CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, a.u. 121, sheet (sh.) 59.
  • CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, a.u. 119, sh. 83, 82, 85,
  • CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, а. u. 121, sh. 135 b;
  • CSA, f. 246 K, inv. 1, a. u. 43, sh. 35, 65,
  • CSA, f. 246 K, inv. 1, а. u. 69, sh. 41 b.
  • CSA, f. 321 K, inv. 1, a.u. 473, sh. 19-20. Protocol № 6 of a meeting of the Building Commission of 18 November 1895.
  • CSA, f. 321 К, inv. 1, а. u. 473, sh. 143 – 144. Certificate for the establishment of the quality of steel for the Bulgarian building made in 1894 in Vienna. (French language)
  • National Library – Bulgarian Historical Archive, (fund 66), II A 5671 (grec lang., copy of the original), translation in bulg.: II A 5670.
  • Books and articles
  • Boyken, I., Vorgefertigte Eisenkirchen, Jahrbuch des Sonderforschungsbereiches 315, Erhalten historisch bedeutsamer Bauwerke, 1988, Ernst& und Sohn, Berlin, 1989, pр. 191 – 207.
  • Бъчеваров, Хр., Спомен за осветяванието на българската черкова „Св. Стефан“ в Цариград“ – Фенер на 8-й септемврий 1898 година. София, 1898. [Bachevarov, H. Memory about the inauguration of the Bulgarian church „St. Stephan „ in Constantinople“ - Phanar on 8 of September, 1898. Sofia].
  • Иванова, Бл., Тенденции в украсата на българската църква в Истанбул, Изкуствоведски четения, 2014, с. 345-355. [Ivanova, Bl., Trends in the Decoration of the Bulgarian Church in Istanbul, Art Readings].
  • Карапетров, П., “Неколко думи за българската черкова в Цариград”, Мисъл, София, 1892. г. І, кн. ХІ – ХІІ, с. 703 – 712; 787 – 800. [Karapetrov, P., „A few words about the Bulgarian church in Constantinople“, Missul (Reflection), Sofia].
  • Карапетров, П., “Сбирка от статии“, Средец, София, 1898, с. 15 – 24 [Karapetrov, P., „Collection of articles“, Sredets, Sofia].
  • Kuruyazici, H., Tapan, M., Sveti Stefan Bulgar Kilisesi, YKY, Istanbul, 1998, 2010.
  • Маркова, З., Българският храм в Цариград (Начална история), Сборник в памет на академик Михаил Димитров, София, 1974, с. 247 – 259. [Markova, Z., The Bulgarian Temple in Constantinople (Early History), Collection in Memory of Academician Mihail Dimitrov: Researches on the Bulgarian revival, Sofia].
  • Мишев, Д., Почин за съграждане българска църква и за създаване българска община в Цариград, Църковен архив. Годишно безплатно приложение към седмичното издание „Църковен вестник“ (г. ХХV и ХХVІ на същия), кн. І и ІІ, София, 1925. [Mishev, D., Initiative for construction of Bulgarian church and for creation a Bulgarian municipality in Tsarigrad, Church archive. Annual free appendix to the weekly edition of “Church newspaper” (XXV and XXVI), book I - II, Sofia].
  • Поп Георгиев, Й., “Принос към историята на българската църква в Цариград”, Архив на Министерството на Народното просвещение, София, 1911, год. ІІІ, кн. 1, с. 20 – 51. [Pop Georgiev, J., „Contribution to the History of the Bulgarian Church in Constantinople“, Archives of the Ministry of National Enlightenment, Sofia].
  • Стойнов, Ив., Българската светиня на Златния Рог и нейното минало. По случай 25 годишнината на българската желязна черква Свети Стефан в Цариград. София, 1923. [Stoynov, I., The Bulgarian relic of the Golden Horn and its past. On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of St. Stephan’s Bulgarian Iron Church in Constantinople. Sofia].
  • Темелски, Хр., Българската светиня на Златния рог. Велико Търново, 1998, 2005, 2010. [Temelski, H., The Bulgarian Relic of the Golden Horn. Veliko Tarnovo].

THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 32, 11 - 31, 31.12.2017

Öz

The aim of the paper is to provide a general overview of the Bulgarian St Stephan steel church standing at the Golden Horn in Istanbul, and to reveal its history of over 100 years. The article describes the different stages of construction of the architectural complex during the historical development of Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire. Those stages are generally characterized as wooden, masonry and steel. Herein, we discuss a church complex because there used to be the idea for adjoining buildings of a convent/presbytery and a school to be built. Architectural analogues of 19th century iron structures across the world are presented and compared. Main conclusion is that St Stephan Church, as an architectural edifice, claims its place on the borderline between historicism and the innovative trends of the new form-formation.

Kaynakça

  • Archival
  • Archivio Cantonale di Bellinzona, ACB 1954 – 1971
  • ЦДА, Central State Archive, Bulgaria
  • Central State Archive (CSA), fund (f.) 321 K, inventory (inv.) 1, archive unit (a.u.) 473, sheet (sh.) 17-18. Protocol № 5 of the Building Commission meeting of November 18, 1895 (French lang.).
  • CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, a.u. 121, sheet (sh.) 59.
  • CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, a.u. 119, sh. 83, 82, 85,
  • CSA, f. 166 K, inv. 1, а. u. 121, sh. 135 b;
  • CSA, f. 246 K, inv. 1, a. u. 43, sh. 35, 65,
  • CSA, f. 246 K, inv. 1, а. u. 69, sh. 41 b.
  • CSA, f. 321 K, inv. 1, a.u. 473, sh. 19-20. Protocol № 6 of a meeting of the Building Commission of 18 November 1895.
  • CSA, f. 321 К, inv. 1, а. u. 473, sh. 143 – 144. Certificate for the establishment of the quality of steel for the Bulgarian building made in 1894 in Vienna. (French language)
  • National Library – Bulgarian Historical Archive, (fund 66), II A 5671 (grec lang., copy of the original), translation in bulg.: II A 5670.
  • Books and articles
  • Boyken, I., Vorgefertigte Eisenkirchen, Jahrbuch des Sonderforschungsbereiches 315, Erhalten historisch bedeutsamer Bauwerke, 1988, Ernst& und Sohn, Berlin, 1989, pр. 191 – 207.
  • Бъчеваров, Хр., Спомен за осветяванието на българската черкова „Св. Стефан“ в Цариград“ – Фенер на 8-й септемврий 1898 година. София, 1898. [Bachevarov, H. Memory about the inauguration of the Bulgarian church „St. Stephan „ in Constantinople“ - Phanar on 8 of September, 1898. Sofia].
  • Иванова, Бл., Тенденции в украсата на българската църква в Истанбул, Изкуствоведски четения, 2014, с. 345-355. [Ivanova, Bl., Trends in the Decoration of the Bulgarian Church in Istanbul, Art Readings].
  • Карапетров, П., “Неколко думи за българската черкова в Цариград”, Мисъл, София, 1892. г. І, кн. ХІ – ХІІ, с. 703 – 712; 787 – 800. [Karapetrov, P., „A few words about the Bulgarian church in Constantinople“, Missul (Reflection), Sofia].
  • Карапетров, П., “Сбирка от статии“, Средец, София, 1898, с. 15 – 24 [Karapetrov, P., „Collection of articles“, Sredets, Sofia].
  • Kuruyazici, H., Tapan, M., Sveti Stefan Bulgar Kilisesi, YKY, Istanbul, 1998, 2010.
  • Маркова, З., Българският храм в Цариград (Начална история), Сборник в памет на академик Михаил Димитров, София, 1974, с. 247 – 259. [Markova, Z., The Bulgarian Temple in Constantinople (Early History), Collection in Memory of Academician Mihail Dimitrov: Researches on the Bulgarian revival, Sofia].
  • Мишев, Д., Почин за съграждане българска църква и за създаване българска община в Цариград, Църковен архив. Годишно безплатно приложение към седмичното издание „Църковен вестник“ (г. ХХV и ХХVІ на същия), кн. І и ІІ, София, 1925. [Mishev, D., Initiative for construction of Bulgarian church and for creation a Bulgarian municipality in Tsarigrad, Church archive. Annual free appendix to the weekly edition of “Church newspaper” (XXV and XXVI), book I - II, Sofia].
  • Поп Георгиев, Й., “Принос към историята на българската църква в Цариград”, Архив на Министерството на Народното просвещение, София, 1911, год. ІІІ, кн. 1, с. 20 – 51. [Pop Georgiev, J., „Contribution to the History of the Bulgarian Church in Constantinople“, Archives of the Ministry of National Enlightenment, Sofia].
  • Стойнов, Ив., Българската светиня на Златния Рог и нейното минало. По случай 25 годишнината на българската желязна черква Свети Стефан в Цариград. София, 1923. [Stoynov, I., The Bulgarian relic of the Golden Horn and its past. On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of St. Stephan’s Bulgarian Iron Church in Constantinople. Sofia].
  • Темелски, Хр., Българската светиня на Златния рог. Велико Търново, 1998, 2005, 2010. [Temelski, H., The Bulgarian Relic of the Golden Horn. Veliko Tarnovo].
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Blagovesta Ivanova Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 32

Kaynak Göster

APA Ivanova, B. (2017). THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi(32), 11-31.
AMA Ivanova B. THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. Aralık 2017;(32):11-31.
Chicago Ivanova, Blagovesta. “THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 32 (Aralık 2017): 11-31.
EndNote Ivanova B (01 Aralık 2017) THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 32 11–31.
IEEE B. Ivanova, “THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE”, Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 32, ss. 11–31, Aralık 2017.
ISNAD Ivanova, Blagovesta. “THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 32 (Aralık 2017), 11-31.
JAMA Ivanova B. THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2017;:11–31.
MLA Ivanova, Blagovesta. “THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 32, 2017, ss. 11-31.
Vancouver Ivanova B. THE BULGARIAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX AT THE GOLDEN HORN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST. THE ONLY STEEL CHURCH ON THE BALKANS AND IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2017(32):11-3.