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Büveyhîler Dönemi Bağdat’ında Yaşayan Sünnî Bir Âlim ve Diplomat: Bâkıllânî’nin Farklı İnanç Mensuplarıyla Etkileşimi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 243 - 261, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1205566

Öz

Onuncu yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren İslam dünyasında köklü siyasi ve dinî değişimler meydana gelmiştir. İran’da Şiî kökenli bir hanedanlık kuran Büveyhîler Bağdat’ı 945 tarihinde kontrol ettikten sonra Abbâsî halifeliğine tahakküm etmeye başlamışlardır. Geleneksel tarih anlatısında Büveyhîlerin özellikle Irak’ta Şiîliği ön plana çıkardığı ve Sünnîlere baskı yaptığı şeklinde bir algı bulunmaktadır. Büveyhîler Şiîlikle özdeşleştirilmişse de farklı din ve mezhep mensupları (Hristiyanlar, Mu‘tezilîler, Şiîler ve Sünnîler) Büveyhî sarayında iyi bir şekilde temsil edilmiş ve kendi fikirlerini özgürce ifade etme imkânı bulmuşlardır. Yine Bizans İmparatorluğu ile olan diplomatik ve kültürel etkileşim sayesinde Büveyhîler, Hristiyanlığa dair mevzularla da yakından ilgilenme imkânına sahip olmuşlardır. Bu makalede, onuncu yüzyılın önemli Eş‘arî âlimlerinden biri olan ve yaşamını Büveyhî hanedanlığı döneminde geçiren Bâkıllânî’nin (ö. 403/1013) hayatı ve eserleri üzerinde durulacak ve onun Büveyhî hanedanı ile olan olumlu münasebeti ortaya konacaktır. Böylelikle, Büveyhîler döneminde çoğunlukla mezhep ve din çatışmalarına şahit olmaktan ziyade daha esnek din ve mezhep sınırlarının ortaya çıktığı, değişik din ve mezhep grupları arasındaki farklılıkların müzakere edildiği vurgulanacaktır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Amedroz, H. F. “An Embassy from Baghdad to the Emperor Basil II”. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1914), 915-942. google scholar
  • al-Amin, Abdel Hameed. Byzantium and Islam (9th-10th centuries), A Historical Evaluation of the Role of Religion in Byzantine-Muslim Relations. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. University of Birmingham (2000). google scholar
  • al-Ash‘aff. Kitab al-Luma'fi al-Radd ala Ahl al-Zaygh wa al-Bid‘a ed. Muhammad Amin google scholar
  • al-Ismä‘ili. Rabat: Kulliyya al-Adab wa al-Ulum al-Insäniyya, 2013. google scholar
  • al-Bäqilläni. Kitab Tamhid al-Awail wa Talkhis al-Dalail. ed. al-Shaykh Imäd al-Din Ahmad Haydar. Beirut: Muassasa al-Kutub al-Thaqäfiyya, 1987. google scholar
  • al-Bäqilläni. al-Intisar li'l-Qur‘an. ed. Muhammad Isäm al-Qudah. Amman: al-Fath Books, 2001. google scholar
  • Bayhom- Daou, Tamima. Shaykh Mufid. Oxford: Oneworld, 2005. google scholar
  • Busse, Heribert. Chalif und Grosskönig: die Büyiden im Irak (945-1055). Beirut: Ergon Verlag Würzburg In Kommission, 2004. google scholar
  • Busse, Heribert. “Iran under the Buyids”. The Cambridge History of Iran. ed. R. N. Frye. 4/250-304.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. google scholar
  • Cahen, Claude. “Buwayhids or Buyids”. The Encyclopedia ofIslam (Second Edition). 1/1350-1357. Leiden: Brill, 1986. google scholar
  • Canard, Marius. “Les Relations Politiques et Sociales Entre Byzance et les Arabes”.Dumbarton Oaks Papers, XVIII, Washington D.C. (1964), 35-56. google scholar
  • Canard, Marius. “Deux Documents Arabes sur Bardas Skleros”. Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici, 5 (1939), 55- 69. google scholar
  • Donohue, John J. The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future. Leiden: Brill, 2003. google scholar
  • Fakhri, Mäjid. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publication, 2000. google scholar
  • Greenfield, Richard P. H.- Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry. Holy Men ofMount Athos. Cambridge; Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Haddad, Wadi Zaidan. “A Tenth-Century Speculative Theologian’s Refutation of the Basic Doctrines of Christianity: al-Bäqilläni (d. A.D. 1013)”. Muslim-Christian Encounters. ed. Y. Y. Haddad-W. Z. Haddad. Gainesville; Florida: University Press of Florida, 1995. 82-94. google scholar
  • Hanne, Eric J. Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2007. google scholar
  • el-Hibri, Tayeb. The Abbasid Caliphate -A History-. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. google scholar
  • Holmes, Catherine. BasilII and the Governance of Empire, 976-1025. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. google scholar
  • Ibish, Yusuf. “Life and Works of al-Bâqillânî”. Islamic Studies 4 (1965), 225-236. google scholar
  • Ibn Asakir. Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftanf ma Nusiba ila al-Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari. ed. H. al-Qudsi. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 1978. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Athir. al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. ed. Muhammad Yusuf al-Daqaq, 11 vols. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al- Ilmiyya, 1987. google scholar
  • Ibn Hallikan. Wafayat al-A‘yan wa Abnau Abna’ al-Zaman. ed. Dr. Ihsan Abbas, 8 vols. Beirut: Daru Sadir, 1978. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Imad. Shazarat al-Dhahab fi Akhbar man Dhahab, 8 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Masirah, 1979. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Jawzi. al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa al-Umam. ed. Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Ata-Mustafa Abd al-Qadir Ata, 19 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1995. google scholar
  • Ibn Kathir. al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 15 vols. Beirut: Maktaba al-Ma‘arif, 1991. google scholar
  • Jiwa, Shainool. “The Baghdad Manifesto (402 AH / 1011 CE): A Re-examination of Fatimid- Abbasid Rivalry”. the Institute ofIsmaili Studies, 1-30 (edited version of the article was published in The Fatimid Caliphate: Diversity of Traditions. ed. Farhad Daftary-Shainool Jiwa. London: I.B. Taurus, 2017, 22-79). google scholar
  • Karadaş, Cağfer. “Bizans Sarayında Müslüman-Hıristiyan Münazarası: Büveyhî Elçisi Bâkıllânî ile İmparator II. Basileios Arasında Geçen Tartışma”. İslâm Araştırmaları Dergisi 22 (2009), 1-35. google scholar
  • al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. Tarikh Madina al-Salam. ed. Bashshar Awwad Ma‘ruf, 17 vols.Beirut: Dar al- Gharb al-Islami, 2001. google scholar
  • Kraemer, Joel L. Humanism in the Renaissance ofIslam: The Cultural Revival During the BuyidAge. Leiden: Brill, 1992. google scholar
  • Le Strange, Guy. Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate, from Contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1900. google scholar
  • Lika, Eva-Maria. Proofs of Prophecy and the Refutation of the Isma Iliyya: The Kitab Ithbat Nubuwwat al- Nabi by the Zaydi Al-Mu’ayyad Bi-Ilah al-Haruni (D. 411/1020). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. google scholar
  • Madelung, Wilferd- Schmidtke, Sabine. al-Şâhib Ibn Abbad Promoter of Rational Theology: Two Mu'tazili Kalam Texts from the Cairo Geniza. Leiden: Brill, 2016. google scholar
  • Madelung, Wilferd. “al-Mufid”. The Encyclopedia ofIslam (Second Edition). 7/312-313. Leiden: Brill, 1993. google scholar
  • Makdisi, George. The Rise ofColleges: Institutions ofLearning in Islam and the West. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981. google scholar
  • McDermott, M. J. “A Debate between al-Mufid and al-Baquillani”. Recherches d’Islamologie, Recueil d’articles offert à G. Anawati et L. Gardet par leurs collègues et amis. Louvain, 1977. 223-35. google scholar
  • Merçil, Erdoğan. “Bahâüddevle”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 4/475-476. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1991. google scholar
  • Nagel, Tilman. “Buyids”. Encyclopedia Iranica, 4/6, 578-586. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1990. google scholar
  • Ostrogorsky, George. History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Blackwell, 1968. google scholar
  • Pierce, Matthew. Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi‘ism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Qadi lyadh. Tartib al-Madariqwa Taqrib al-Masalikli-Ma’rifaA’lamMadhhabMalik. ed. Sa’id Ahmad A’rab, 8 vols. Maghrib: Wizara al-Awqaf wa al-Shu‘un al-Islamiyya, 1982. google scholar
  • al-Rudhrawari. Eclipse of the Abbasid Caliphate. ed. and trans. H. Amedroz and D. Margoliouth, 6 vols. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1920-1. google scholar
  • Shaykh al-Mufid. al-Ifsah fi al-Imama. Qum: al-Matba‘a Mihr, 1991. google scholar
  • Thomas, David. “al-Baqillani”. Christian Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Volume II. ed. David google scholar
  • Thomas and Alexander Mallett. Leiden: Brill, 2010. 446-450. google scholar
  • Thomas, David. Christian Doctrines in Islamic Theology. Leiden: Brill, 2008. google scholar
  • Walker, Paul E. “The Ismaili Da'wa in the Reign of the Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim”. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 30 (1993), 161-182. google scholar
  • Yahya b. Sa‘id al-Antaqi. Tarikh al-Antaqi. ed. Omar Abd al-Salam Tadmuri. Tripoli, Lebanon: Jurus Press, 1990. google scholar
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 243 - 261, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1205566

Öz

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Amedroz, H. F. “An Embassy from Baghdad to the Emperor Basil II”. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1914), 915-942. google scholar
  • al-Amin, Abdel Hameed. Byzantium and Islam (9th-10th centuries), A Historical Evaluation of the Role of Religion in Byzantine-Muslim Relations. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. University of Birmingham (2000). google scholar
  • al-Ash‘aff. Kitab al-Luma'fi al-Radd ala Ahl al-Zaygh wa al-Bid‘a ed. Muhammad Amin google scholar
  • al-Ismä‘ili. Rabat: Kulliyya al-Adab wa al-Ulum al-Insäniyya, 2013. google scholar
  • al-Bäqilläni. Kitab Tamhid al-Awail wa Talkhis al-Dalail. ed. al-Shaykh Imäd al-Din Ahmad Haydar. Beirut: Muassasa al-Kutub al-Thaqäfiyya, 1987. google scholar
  • al-Bäqilläni. al-Intisar li'l-Qur‘an. ed. Muhammad Isäm al-Qudah. Amman: al-Fath Books, 2001. google scholar
  • Bayhom- Daou, Tamima. Shaykh Mufid. Oxford: Oneworld, 2005. google scholar
  • Busse, Heribert. Chalif und Grosskönig: die Büyiden im Irak (945-1055). Beirut: Ergon Verlag Würzburg In Kommission, 2004. google scholar
  • Busse, Heribert. “Iran under the Buyids”. The Cambridge History of Iran. ed. R. N. Frye. 4/250-304.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. google scholar
  • Cahen, Claude. “Buwayhids or Buyids”. The Encyclopedia ofIslam (Second Edition). 1/1350-1357. Leiden: Brill, 1986. google scholar
  • Canard, Marius. “Les Relations Politiques et Sociales Entre Byzance et les Arabes”.Dumbarton Oaks Papers, XVIII, Washington D.C. (1964), 35-56. google scholar
  • Canard, Marius. “Deux Documents Arabes sur Bardas Skleros”. Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici, 5 (1939), 55- 69. google scholar
  • Donohue, John J. The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future. Leiden: Brill, 2003. google scholar
  • Fakhri, Mäjid. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publication, 2000. google scholar
  • Greenfield, Richard P. H.- Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry. Holy Men ofMount Athos. Cambridge; Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Haddad, Wadi Zaidan. “A Tenth-Century Speculative Theologian’s Refutation of the Basic Doctrines of Christianity: al-Bäqilläni (d. A.D. 1013)”. Muslim-Christian Encounters. ed. Y. Y. Haddad-W. Z. Haddad. Gainesville; Florida: University Press of Florida, 1995. 82-94. google scholar
  • Hanne, Eric J. Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2007. google scholar
  • el-Hibri, Tayeb. The Abbasid Caliphate -A History-. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. google scholar
  • Holmes, Catherine. BasilII and the Governance of Empire, 976-1025. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. google scholar
  • Ibish, Yusuf. “Life and Works of al-Bâqillânî”. Islamic Studies 4 (1965), 225-236. google scholar
  • Ibn Asakir. Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftanf ma Nusiba ila al-Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari. ed. H. al-Qudsi. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 1978. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Athir. al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. ed. Muhammad Yusuf al-Daqaq, 11 vols. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al- Ilmiyya, 1987. google scholar
  • Ibn Hallikan. Wafayat al-A‘yan wa Abnau Abna’ al-Zaman. ed. Dr. Ihsan Abbas, 8 vols. Beirut: Daru Sadir, 1978. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Imad. Shazarat al-Dhahab fi Akhbar man Dhahab, 8 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Masirah, 1979. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Jawzi. al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa al-Umam. ed. Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Ata-Mustafa Abd al-Qadir Ata, 19 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1995. google scholar
  • Ibn Kathir. al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 15 vols. Beirut: Maktaba al-Ma‘arif, 1991. google scholar
  • Jiwa, Shainool. “The Baghdad Manifesto (402 AH / 1011 CE): A Re-examination of Fatimid- Abbasid Rivalry”. the Institute ofIsmaili Studies, 1-30 (edited version of the article was published in The Fatimid Caliphate: Diversity of Traditions. ed. Farhad Daftary-Shainool Jiwa. London: I.B. Taurus, 2017, 22-79). google scholar
  • Karadaş, Cağfer. “Bizans Sarayında Müslüman-Hıristiyan Münazarası: Büveyhî Elçisi Bâkıllânî ile İmparator II. Basileios Arasında Geçen Tartışma”. İslâm Araştırmaları Dergisi 22 (2009), 1-35. google scholar
  • al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. Tarikh Madina al-Salam. ed. Bashshar Awwad Ma‘ruf, 17 vols.Beirut: Dar al- Gharb al-Islami, 2001. google scholar
  • Kraemer, Joel L. Humanism in the Renaissance ofIslam: The Cultural Revival During the BuyidAge. Leiden: Brill, 1992. google scholar
  • Le Strange, Guy. Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate, from Contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1900. google scholar
  • Lika, Eva-Maria. Proofs of Prophecy and the Refutation of the Isma Iliyya: The Kitab Ithbat Nubuwwat al- Nabi by the Zaydi Al-Mu’ayyad Bi-Ilah al-Haruni (D. 411/1020). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. google scholar
  • Madelung, Wilferd- Schmidtke, Sabine. al-Şâhib Ibn Abbad Promoter of Rational Theology: Two Mu'tazili Kalam Texts from the Cairo Geniza. Leiden: Brill, 2016. google scholar
  • Madelung, Wilferd. “al-Mufid”. The Encyclopedia ofIslam (Second Edition). 7/312-313. Leiden: Brill, 1993. google scholar
  • Makdisi, George. The Rise ofColleges: Institutions ofLearning in Islam and the West. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981. google scholar
  • McDermott, M. J. “A Debate between al-Mufid and al-Baquillani”. Recherches d’Islamologie, Recueil d’articles offert à G. Anawati et L. Gardet par leurs collègues et amis. Louvain, 1977. 223-35. google scholar
  • Merçil, Erdoğan. “Bahâüddevle”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 4/475-476. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1991. google scholar
  • Nagel, Tilman. “Buyids”. Encyclopedia Iranica, 4/6, 578-586. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1990. google scholar
  • Ostrogorsky, George. History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Blackwell, 1968. google scholar
  • Pierce, Matthew. Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi‘ism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Qadi lyadh. Tartib al-Madariqwa Taqrib al-Masalikli-Ma’rifaA’lamMadhhabMalik. ed. Sa’id Ahmad A’rab, 8 vols. Maghrib: Wizara al-Awqaf wa al-Shu‘un al-Islamiyya, 1982. google scholar
  • al-Rudhrawari. Eclipse of the Abbasid Caliphate. ed. and trans. H. Amedroz and D. Margoliouth, 6 vols. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1920-1. google scholar
  • Shaykh al-Mufid. al-Ifsah fi al-Imama. Qum: al-Matba‘a Mihr, 1991. google scholar
  • Thomas, David. “al-Baqillani”. Christian Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Volume II. ed. David google scholar
  • Thomas and Alexander Mallett. Leiden: Brill, 2010. 446-450. google scholar
  • Thomas, David. Christian Doctrines in Islamic Theology. Leiden: Brill, 2008. google scholar
  • Walker, Paul E. “The Ismaili Da'wa in the Reign of the Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim”. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 30 (1993), 161-182. google scholar
  • Yahya b. Sa‘id al-Antaqi. Tarikh al-Antaqi. ed. Omar Abd al-Salam Tadmuri. Tripoli, Lebanon: Jurus Press, 1990. google scholar

A Muslim Scholar and Diplomat in Baghdad at the Time of the Būyids: The Encounters of al-Bāqillānī within a Multi-Confessional Environment

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 243 - 261, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1205566

Öz

The late tenth century witnessed fundamental political and religious transformations in the Muslim world. After emerging as a Shī‘ī Dynasty in Iran in the first half of the tenth century, the Būyids controlled Baghdad in 945 and began to dominate the Sunnī Abbāsid Caliphate. In academia, it is generally believed that the Būyid Dynasty exclusively supported the Shī‘ī faith and popularized Shī‘ī practices while marginalizing and oppressing Sunnism in Iraq. Even though the Būyids were identified with Shī‘ism, different confessional groups (Christians, Mu’tazilīs, Shī‘īs, and Sunnīs) were well-represented in the Būyid court. In addition to encountering the Byzantines diplomatically and culturally, the Būyids were also engaged with Christianity. In my paper, through the life and works of a famous Sunnī theologian, al-Bāqillānī (d. 403/1013), I examine how the Būyids interacted with different religious groups. I also analyze how they established more flexible and porous confessional boundaries rather than engaging in sectarianism and religious conflict.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Amedroz, H. F. “An Embassy from Baghdad to the Emperor Basil II”. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1914), 915-942. google scholar
  • al-Amin, Abdel Hameed. Byzantium and Islam (9th-10th centuries), A Historical Evaluation of the Role of Religion in Byzantine-Muslim Relations. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. University of Birmingham (2000). google scholar
  • al-Ash‘aff. Kitab al-Luma'fi al-Radd ala Ahl al-Zaygh wa al-Bid‘a ed. Muhammad Amin google scholar
  • al-Ismä‘ili. Rabat: Kulliyya al-Adab wa al-Ulum al-Insäniyya, 2013. google scholar
  • al-Bäqilläni. Kitab Tamhid al-Awail wa Talkhis al-Dalail. ed. al-Shaykh Imäd al-Din Ahmad Haydar. Beirut: Muassasa al-Kutub al-Thaqäfiyya, 1987. google scholar
  • al-Bäqilläni. al-Intisar li'l-Qur‘an. ed. Muhammad Isäm al-Qudah. Amman: al-Fath Books, 2001. google scholar
  • Bayhom- Daou, Tamima. Shaykh Mufid. Oxford: Oneworld, 2005. google scholar
  • Busse, Heribert. Chalif und Grosskönig: die Büyiden im Irak (945-1055). Beirut: Ergon Verlag Würzburg In Kommission, 2004. google scholar
  • Busse, Heribert. “Iran under the Buyids”. The Cambridge History of Iran. ed. R. N. Frye. 4/250-304.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. google scholar
  • Cahen, Claude. “Buwayhids or Buyids”. The Encyclopedia ofIslam (Second Edition). 1/1350-1357. Leiden: Brill, 1986. google scholar
  • Canard, Marius. “Les Relations Politiques et Sociales Entre Byzance et les Arabes”.Dumbarton Oaks Papers, XVIII, Washington D.C. (1964), 35-56. google scholar
  • Canard, Marius. “Deux Documents Arabes sur Bardas Skleros”. Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici, 5 (1939), 55- 69. google scholar
  • Donohue, John J. The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future. Leiden: Brill, 2003. google scholar
  • Fakhri, Mäjid. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publication, 2000. google scholar
  • Greenfield, Richard P. H.- Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry. Holy Men ofMount Athos. Cambridge; Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Haddad, Wadi Zaidan. “A Tenth-Century Speculative Theologian’s Refutation of the Basic Doctrines of Christianity: al-Bäqilläni (d. A.D. 1013)”. Muslim-Christian Encounters. ed. Y. Y. Haddad-W. Z. Haddad. Gainesville; Florida: University Press of Florida, 1995. 82-94. google scholar
  • Hanne, Eric J. Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2007. google scholar
  • el-Hibri, Tayeb. The Abbasid Caliphate -A History-. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. google scholar
  • Holmes, Catherine. BasilII and the Governance of Empire, 976-1025. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. google scholar
  • Ibish, Yusuf. “Life and Works of al-Bâqillânî”. Islamic Studies 4 (1965), 225-236. google scholar
  • Ibn Asakir. Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftanf ma Nusiba ila al-Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari. ed. H. al-Qudsi. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 1978. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Athir. al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. ed. Muhammad Yusuf al-Daqaq, 11 vols. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al- Ilmiyya, 1987. google scholar
  • Ibn Hallikan. Wafayat al-A‘yan wa Abnau Abna’ al-Zaman. ed. Dr. Ihsan Abbas, 8 vols. Beirut: Daru Sadir, 1978. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Imad. Shazarat al-Dhahab fi Akhbar man Dhahab, 8 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Masirah, 1979. google scholar
  • Ibn al-Jawzi. al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wa al-Umam. ed. Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Ata-Mustafa Abd al-Qadir Ata, 19 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1995. google scholar
  • Ibn Kathir. al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 15 vols. Beirut: Maktaba al-Ma‘arif, 1991. google scholar
  • Jiwa, Shainool. “The Baghdad Manifesto (402 AH / 1011 CE): A Re-examination of Fatimid- Abbasid Rivalry”. the Institute ofIsmaili Studies, 1-30 (edited version of the article was published in The Fatimid Caliphate: Diversity of Traditions. ed. Farhad Daftary-Shainool Jiwa. London: I.B. Taurus, 2017, 22-79). google scholar
  • Karadaş, Cağfer. “Bizans Sarayında Müslüman-Hıristiyan Münazarası: Büveyhî Elçisi Bâkıllânî ile İmparator II. Basileios Arasında Geçen Tartışma”. İslâm Araştırmaları Dergisi 22 (2009), 1-35. google scholar
  • al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. Tarikh Madina al-Salam. ed. Bashshar Awwad Ma‘ruf, 17 vols.Beirut: Dar al- Gharb al-Islami, 2001. google scholar
  • Kraemer, Joel L. Humanism in the Renaissance ofIslam: The Cultural Revival During the BuyidAge. Leiden: Brill, 1992. google scholar
  • Le Strange, Guy. Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate, from Contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1900. google scholar
  • Lika, Eva-Maria. Proofs of Prophecy and the Refutation of the Isma Iliyya: The Kitab Ithbat Nubuwwat al- Nabi by the Zaydi Al-Mu’ayyad Bi-Ilah al-Haruni (D. 411/1020). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. google scholar
  • Madelung, Wilferd- Schmidtke, Sabine. al-Şâhib Ibn Abbad Promoter of Rational Theology: Two Mu'tazili Kalam Texts from the Cairo Geniza. Leiden: Brill, 2016. google scholar
  • Madelung, Wilferd. “al-Mufid”. The Encyclopedia ofIslam (Second Edition). 7/312-313. Leiden: Brill, 1993. google scholar
  • Makdisi, George. The Rise ofColleges: Institutions ofLearning in Islam and the West. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981. google scholar
  • McDermott, M. J. “A Debate between al-Mufid and al-Baquillani”. Recherches d’Islamologie, Recueil d’articles offert à G. Anawati et L. Gardet par leurs collègues et amis. Louvain, 1977. 223-35. google scholar
  • Merçil, Erdoğan. “Bahâüddevle”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 4/475-476. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1991. google scholar
  • Nagel, Tilman. “Buyids”. Encyclopedia Iranica, 4/6, 578-586. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1990. google scholar
  • Ostrogorsky, George. History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Blackwell, 1968. google scholar
  • Pierce, Matthew. Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi‘ism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Qadi lyadh. Tartib al-Madariqwa Taqrib al-Masalikli-Ma’rifaA’lamMadhhabMalik. ed. Sa’id Ahmad A’rab, 8 vols. Maghrib: Wizara al-Awqaf wa al-Shu‘un al-Islamiyya, 1982. google scholar
  • al-Rudhrawari. Eclipse of the Abbasid Caliphate. ed. and trans. H. Amedroz and D. Margoliouth, 6 vols. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1920-1. google scholar
  • Shaykh al-Mufid. al-Ifsah fi al-Imama. Qum: al-Matba‘a Mihr, 1991. google scholar
  • Thomas, David. “al-Baqillani”. Christian Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Volume II. ed. David google scholar
  • Thomas and Alexander Mallett. Leiden: Brill, 2010. 446-450. google scholar
  • Thomas, David. Christian Doctrines in Islamic Theology. Leiden: Brill, 2008. google scholar
  • Walker, Paul E. “The Ismaili Da'wa in the Reign of the Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim”. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 30 (1993), 161-182. google scholar
  • Yahya b. Sa‘id al-Antaqi. Tarikh al-Antaqi. ed. Omar Abd al-Salam Tadmuri. Tripoli, Lebanon: Jurus Press, 1990. google scholar
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Muhammed Seyyit Şen 0000-0003-2954-7360

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Şen, Muhammed Seyyit. “A Muslim Scholar and Diplomat in Baghdad at the Time of the Būyids: The Encounters of Al-Bāqillānī Within a Multi-Confessional Environment”. İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi 13/1 (Mart 2023), 243-261. https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1205566.