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A Damascene Shāfi‘ī Professor-Mufti in Istanbul: Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī’s Travelogue (1032/1623)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 175 - 201, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1219821

Öz

The aim of this article is to introduce Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī’s (d. 1061/1651) Istanbul travelogue, which until recently was considered to be lost, as a new primary source for the examination of early modern Ottoman history. As an eminent Shāfi‘ī professor-mufti in Damascus, Najm al-Dīn traveled to Istanbul in 1623 with the intention of petitioning the Imperial Council to regain his teaching position that he had lost to a rival local scholar. His journey took him four and a half months, during which time he penned an account in the form of a travelogue, adhering to the literary conventions established by previous Arab travelers. This article examines the content of the autograph copy of the travelogue highlighting Najm al-Dīn’s views on cities, architectural structures, individuals, and significant socio-political events in Damascus, Istanbul, and other Anatolian towns on his way. It also scrutinizes Najm al-Dīn’s narrative strategies throughout the travelogue, including his use of language and poetic composition as well as inclusion of dream and fortune-telling anecdotes. This article also considers the relationship between Najm al-Dīn’s work and previous Arabic travelogues to highlight continuities and divergences, as well as new information provided. Najm al-Dīn’s travelogue offers a vivid description of Anatolian towns in the early seventeenth century. It also provides insight into the multi-faceted imperial factionalism in Istanbul in the post-Osman II (d. 1031/1622) period. Furthermore, the narrative elements within the travelogue shed light on the mindset and vision of an early modern provincial Shāfi‘ī professor-mufti in the Ottoman center.

Kaynakça

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  • Abu Husayn Abdulrahim - Abu Hussein, Tarek. “On the Road to the Abode of Felicity: Observations of a Damascene Scholar in Anatolia and Istanbul in 1530”. Ostour 3/6 (July 2017), 33-44. google scholar
  • Abu-Husayn, Tarek. “Historian and Historical Thought in an Ottoman World: Biograhical Writing in 16th and 17th Century Syria / Bilad al-Sham”. MA Thesis, Istanbul, Sabancı University, 2010. google scholar
  • Akdağ, Mustafa. Türk Halkının Dirlik ve Düzenlik Kavgası “Celalî İsyanları”. Istanbul: Cem Yayınevi, 1995. google scholar
  • And, Metin. Istanbul in the Sixteenth Century: the City, the Palace, Daily Life. Istanbul: Akbank, 1994. google scholar
  • Atçıl, Abdurrahman. Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. google scholar
  • Bakhit, M. Adnan. The Ottoman Province of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1982. google scholar
  • Beyazıt, Yasemin. Osmanlı İlmiye Mesleğinde İstihdam (XVI. Yüzyıl). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2014. google scholar
  • Börekçi, Günhan. “İnkırâzın Eşiğinde Bir Hanedan: III. Mehmed, I. Ahmed, I. Mustafa ve 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Siyasî Krizi”. Dîvân Dergisi 14/26 (2009), 45-96. google scholar
  • Çakar, Enver. “XVI. Yüzyılda Şam Beylerbeyiliğinin İdarî Taksimatı”. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13/1 (2003), 351-74. google scholar
  • Çakır, Coşkun - Akkuş, Yakup. “Trade in Ottoman Istanbul”. From Antiquity to the 21st Century History of Istanbul. Accessed 10 December 2022. https://istanbultarihi.ist/560-trade-in-ottoman-istanbul google scholar
  • Çelebi, İlyas. “Fal (İslam’da Fal)”. Türkiye Diyânet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Accessed 9 December 2022. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/fal#2-islamda-fal google scholar
  • Darling, Linda T. The Janissaries of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century, or, How Conquering a Province Changed the Ottoman Empire. Otto Spies Memorial Lecture 6, eds. Stephan Conermann and Gül Şen. EBVerlag, 2019. google scholar
  • Elger, Ralf. Glaube, Skepsis, Poesie: Arabische Istanbul-Reisende im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert. Würzburg: Ergon
  • Verlag in Kommission, 2011. google scholar
  • Elger, Ralf. “Istanbul in Early Modern Arabic Literature”. From Antiquity to the 21st Century History of Istanbul. Accessed 24 November 2022. https://istanbultarihi.ist/626-istanbul-in-early-modern-muslim-arabic- literature google scholar
  • Elhajhamed, Abdulsattar. “Kadı Muhibbüddin el-Hamevî’nin Bevâdi’d-Dumû‘il-‘Andemiyye bi-Vâdi’d- Diyâr’ir-Rûmiyye Adlı Seyahatnamesi Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. Nüsha Şarkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 19/48 (2019), 203-26. google scholar
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  • Faroqhi, Suraiya. Pilgrims and Sultans: The Hajj under the Ottomans 1517-1683. Tauris, 1994. google scholar
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  • al-Fîrûzâbâdî, Muhammad b. Ya’qub Majd al-Din. al-Qamüs al-muhit. ed. Muhammad Nu’aym al-‘Arqusi. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risala, 2005. google scholar
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  • al-Ghazzi, Najm al-Din. Itqan ma yahsun min al-akhbar al-da’ira ‘ala al-alsun. ed. Khalil b. Muhammad al-‘Arabi. Cairo: al-Faruq al-Haditha, 1995. google scholar
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Dımaşklı Bir Şâfiî Müderris-Müftünün İstanbul Serüveni: Necmeddin el-Gazzî’nin Seyahatnamesi (1032/1623)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 175 - 201, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1219821

Öz

Bu makale Necmeddin el-Gazzî’nin (ö. 1061/1651) yakın bir tarihe kadar kayıp olduğu düşünülen İstanbul seyahatnamesini erken modern Osmanlı tarihi için yeni bir kaynak olarak tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Dımaşk’ta saygın bir Şâfiî müderris-müftü olan Necmeddin, müderrisi olduğu medresenin başka bir yerel âlime verilmesi üzerine 1623 tarihinde İstanbul’a seyahat etti. Toplamda dört buçuk ay süren bu seyahatin ardından, önceki Arap seyyahların seyahatnameleri tarafından oluşturulan yazım geleneğini dikkate alarak bir seyahatname kaleme aldı. Bu çalışma söz konusu seyahatnemenin müellif nüshasına odaklanarak Necmeddin’in Dımaşk, İstanbul ve yolu üzerinde bulunan Anadolu şehirlerindeki mekanlar, mimarî yapılar, kişiler ve önemli siyasi-sosyal olaylar hakkındaki mülahazalarını incelemektedir. Ayrıca Necmeddin’in seyahatnamesindeki kelime seçimi, şiirler, rüya ve fal anekdotları gibi anlatı unsurlarını değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma, önceki Arapça seyahatnamelere ve mevcut Osmanlı araştırmalarına atıfta bulunarak, Necmeddin’in seyahatnamesi için tarihsel bağlam oluşturmakta ve bu kaynağın sunduğu yeni bilgilerin altını çizmektedir. Necmeddin’in seyahat anlatısı, dönemin Anadolu şehirlerinin canlı bir tasvirini sunmakta ve II. Osman’ın (ö. 1031/1622) katli akabinde İstanbul’da yükselişe geçen hizip mücadelelerine yeni bir pencereden bakmaya imkân vermektedir. Ayrıca, seyahatnamedeki anlatı unsurları on yedinci yüzyılın ilk yarısında Osmanlı merkezini ziyaret eden bir Şâfiî eyalet müftüsünün zihniyeti ve bakış açısı hakkında önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Husayn, Abdulrahim. Provincial Leadership in Syria 1575-1650. Lebanon: American University of Beirut, 1985. google scholar
  • Abu Husayn Abdulrahim - Abu Hussein, Tarek. “On the Road to the Abode of Felicity: Observations of a Damascene Scholar in Anatolia and Istanbul in 1530”. Ostour 3/6 (July 2017), 33-44. google scholar
  • Abu-Husayn, Tarek. “Historian and Historical Thought in an Ottoman World: Biograhical Writing in 16th and 17th Century Syria / Bilad al-Sham”. MA Thesis, Istanbul, Sabancı University, 2010. google scholar
  • Akdağ, Mustafa. Türk Halkının Dirlik ve Düzenlik Kavgası “Celalî İsyanları”. Istanbul: Cem Yayınevi, 1995. google scholar
  • And, Metin. Istanbul in the Sixteenth Century: the City, the Palace, Daily Life. Istanbul: Akbank, 1994. google scholar
  • Atçıl, Abdurrahman. Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. google scholar
  • Bakhit, M. Adnan. The Ottoman Province of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1982. google scholar
  • Beyazıt, Yasemin. Osmanlı İlmiye Mesleğinde İstihdam (XVI. Yüzyıl). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2014. google scholar
  • Börekçi, Günhan. “İnkırâzın Eşiğinde Bir Hanedan: III. Mehmed, I. Ahmed, I. Mustafa ve 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Siyasî Krizi”. Dîvân Dergisi 14/26 (2009), 45-96. google scholar
  • Çakar, Enver. “XVI. Yüzyılda Şam Beylerbeyiliğinin İdarî Taksimatı”. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13/1 (2003), 351-74. google scholar
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  • Darling, Linda T. The Janissaries of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century, or, How Conquering a Province Changed the Ottoman Empire. Otto Spies Memorial Lecture 6, eds. Stephan Conermann and Gül Şen. EBVerlag, 2019. google scholar
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  • Verlag in Kommission, 2011. google scholar
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  • al-Fîrûzâbâdî, Muhammad b. Ya’qub Majd al-Din. al-Qamüs al-muhit. ed. Muhammad Nu’aym al-‘Arqusi. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risala, 2005. google scholar
  • Fleischer, Cornell H. Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire: The Historian Mustafa Âli (15411600). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. google scholar
  • Frenkel, Yehoshua. “The Ottomans and the Mamluks through the Eyes of Arab Travelers (in 16th-17th Centuries)”. The Mamluk-Ottoman Transition: Continuity and Change in Egypt andBiladAl-Sham in the Sixteenth Century. eds. Stephan Conermann and Gül Şen. 275-293. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2016. google scholar
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  • Nalçacı, Nida N. “İstanbul’un Tarihsel Kaynakları Olarak Seyahatnameler”. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi 8/16 (2010), 523-562. google scholar
  • Nev’izade Atayi. Hadâ’iku’l-hakâ’ik fî tekmileti’ş-Şakâ’ik: Nev‘izâde Atâyi’nin Şakâ’ik Zeyli. Istanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu, 2017. google scholar
  • Niyazioğlu, Aslı. Dreams and Lives in Ottoman Istanbul: A Seventeenth-Century Biographer’s Perspective Taylor & Francis, 2016. google scholar
  • Özbaran, Salih. Bir Osmanlı Kimliği 14.-17. Yüzyıllarda Rûm/RûmîAidiyet ve İmgeleri. Istanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2004. google scholar
  • Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press, USA, 1993. google scholar
  • Pfeifer, Helen. Empire of Salons: Conquest and Community in Early Modern Ottoman Lands. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022. google scholar
  • Reynolds, Dwight F. ed. Interpreting the Self: Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. google scholar
  • el-Rouayheb, Khaled. “Heresy and Sufism in the Arabic-Islamic World, 1550-1750: Some Preliminary Observations”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental andAfrican Studies, 73/3 (2010), 357-80. google scholar
  • Sarıcaoğlu, Fikret. “Hüseyin Paşa, Mere”, Türkiye Diyânet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Accessed 10 December 2022. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/huseyin-pasa-mere google scholar
  • Shafir, Nir. “The Road from Damascus: Circulation and the Redefinition of Islam in the Ottoman Empire, 1620-1720”. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, University of California, 2016. google scholar
  • Shafir, Nir. “In an Ottoman Holy Land: The Hajj and the Road from Damascus, 1500-1800”. History of Religions 60/1 (2020), 1-36. google scholar
  • Şeyhi Mehmed Efendi. Vekâyi‘u’l-fuzalâ: Şeyhî’nin Şakâ’ikZeyli. Istanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı, 2018. google scholar
  • Tezcan, Baki. The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. New York: Cambridge University, 2010. google scholar
  • Türkhan, Ayşe. “Arap Seyahatnamelerinde Osmanlı İstanbul’u ve Türkler: İbrahim el-Hiyârî Seyahatnamesi”. Ph.D. dissertation. Istanbul, Istanbul University, 2021. google scholar
  • Yılmaz, Harun. Zengi ve Eyyubi Dımaşk’ında Ulema ve Medrese (1154-1260). Istanbul: Klasik Yayınevi, 2017. google scholar
  • Winter, Michael. “al-Gazzi”. Historians of the Ottoman Empire. Accessed 27 November 2022. https://ottomanhistorians.uchicago.edu/en/historian/al-gazzi google scholar
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 175 - 201, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1219821

Öz

Kaynakça

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  • Reynolds, Dwight F. ed. Interpreting the Self: Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. google scholar
  • el-Rouayheb, Khaled. “Heresy and Sufism in the Arabic-Islamic World, 1550-1750: Some Preliminary Observations”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental andAfrican Studies, 73/3 (2010), 357-80. google scholar
  • Sarıcaoğlu, Fikret. “Hüseyin Paşa, Mere”, Türkiye Diyânet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Accessed 10 December 2022. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/huseyin-pasa-mere google scholar
  • Shafir, Nir. “The Road from Damascus: Circulation and the Redefinition of Islam in the Ottoman Empire, 1620-1720”. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, University of California, 2016. google scholar
  • Shafir, Nir. “In an Ottoman Holy Land: The Hajj and the Road from Damascus, 1500-1800”. History of Religions 60/1 (2020), 1-36. google scholar
  • Şeyhi Mehmed Efendi. Vekâyi‘u’l-fuzalâ: Şeyhî’nin Şakâ’ikZeyli. Istanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı, 2018. google scholar
  • Tezcan, Baki. The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. New York: Cambridge University, 2010. google scholar
  • Türkhan, Ayşe. “Arap Seyahatnamelerinde Osmanlı İstanbul’u ve Türkler: İbrahim el-Hiyârî Seyahatnamesi”. Ph.D. dissertation. Istanbul, Istanbul University, 2021. google scholar
  • Yılmaz, Harun. Zengi ve Eyyubi Dımaşk’ında Ulema ve Medrese (1154-1260). Istanbul: Klasik Yayınevi, 2017. google scholar
  • Winter, Michael. “al-Gazzi”. Historians of the Ottoman Empire. Accessed 27 November 2022. https://ottomanhistorians.uchicago.edu/en/historian/al-gazzi google scholar
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gürzat Kami 0000-0001-7463-7774

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Kami, Gürzat. “A Damascene Shāfi‘ī Professor-Mufti in Istanbul: Najm Al-Dīn Al-Ghazzī’s Travelogue (1032/1623)”. İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi 13/1 (Mart 2023), 175-201. https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2023.1219821.