TRIAGE AND MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES DURING EARTHQUAKE

Öz

The harm of earthquakes can be decreased with operative catastrophe planning and successful emergency assistance. First aid and triage organization are essential for the medical care of those trapped under the rubble after the earthquake. Every injury seen in orthopedics and traumatology practice can be observed with being under the rubble; these can be in a spectrum ranging from simple muscle crush to pelvis fracture with vascular injury. The main function of the orthopedist is to perform a quick diagnosis and accurate treatment to save the life and extremities. The first step in the management of limb and axial skeletal injuries is accurate immobilization of the injured region, such as a cervical collar for the cervical spinal segment. Maintaining a safe airway and large-bore intravenous access for hemodynamic stabilization are also priorities in traumatized patients. Surgical procedures related to orthopedics and traumatology can be classified as follows; emergency care, emergency surgeries, delayed surgeries, and planned surgeries. While performing all these surgical procedures, a multidisciplinary approach should be applied to monitor and treat the patient’s general condition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• disaster
• trauma
• crush injury
• amputation
• extremity salvage

DEPREM DURUMUNDA KAS-İSKELET YARALANMALARININ TRİYAJ VE YÖNETİMİ

Öz

Etkin afet planlaması ve başarılı acil durum yardımı ile depremin zararı azaltılabilir. Deprem sonrası enkaz altında kalanların tıbbi bakımı için ilk yardım ve triyaj organizasyonu şarttır. Ortopedi ve travmatoloji pratiğinde görülen her yaralanma enkaz altında kalındığında da gözlemlenebilir, bunlar basit kas ezilmesinden damar yaralanmalı pelvis kırığına kadar uzanan bir yelpazede olabilir. Ortopedistin temel işlevi, hızlı teşhis ve doğru tedaviyi yaparak hayatı ve uzuvları kurtarmaktır. Ekstremite ve aksiyal iskelet yaralanmalarının yönetiminde ilk adım yaralı bölgenin doğru şekilde immobilizasyonudur; servikal spinal segment için boyunluk gibi. Güvenli bir hava yolunun sürdürülmesi ve hemodinamik stabilizasyon için geniş çaplı intravenöz erişim de travma geçirmiş hastaların yönetiminin önceliğidir. Ortopedi ve travmatoloji ile ilgili olarak cerrahi işlemler şu şekilde sınıflandırılabilir; acil bakım, acil ameliyatlar, gecikmiş ameliyatlar ve planlı ameliyatlar. Tüm bu cerrahi işlemler yapılırken hastanın genel durumunun takibi ve tedavisi için multidisipliner bir yaklaşım uygulanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• travma
• ezilme yaralanması
• amputasyon
• ekstremite kurtarma

Kaynakça

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