ARTERIA OPHTHALMICA’NIN İLK DALI VE KLİNİK ÖNEMİ

Öz

Amaç: Arteria ophthalmica ve dalları en karmaşık anatomiye ve embriyolojiye sahip arterlerden biridir. Bu arterin dallarıyla ilgili birçok çalışma yapılmış olsa da, ilk dalı hakkında farklı kaynaklarda farklı sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada arteria ophthalmica’nın ilk dalının araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı’nda bulunan kadavralara ait olan 41 orbita incelendi. Bulgular: Yirmi üç orbitada (%56) a. centralis retinae’nin, 14 orbitada (%34) aa. ciliares posteriores’in, üç orbitada (%7) a. lacrimalis’in ve bir orbitada (%3) a. supraorbitalis’in ilk dal olduğu gözlendi. Sonuç: Arteria ophthalmica’nın ilk dalının yüksek oranda a. centralis retinae ya da aa. ciliares posteriores olduğu görüldü. Her iki arter de görme için temeldir ve bu bölgeyi ilgilendiren cerrahilerde bu arterlerin korunması oldukça önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arteria ophthalmica
• arteria centralis retinae
• arteriae ciliares posteriores
• arteria lacrimalis

FIRST BRANCH OF OPHTHALMIC ARTERY AND ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

Öz

Objective: The ophthalmic artery and its branches have one of the most complex anatomy and embryology of all arteries. Although many studies have been done on its branches, different references have given different conclusions about the first branch of it. Therefore, it was aimed to investigate the first branch of the ophthalmic artery in this study. Materials and Method: Forty-one orbits of the cadavers, which belonged to the Department of Anatomy of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, were examined. Results: It was observed that the first branch was the central retinal artery in 23 orbits (56%), the posterior ciliary arteries in 14 orbits (34%), the lacrimal artery in three orbits (7%) and the supraorbital artery in one orbit (3%). Conclusion: It was observed that the first branch of the ophthalmic artery was the central retinal artery or posterior ciliary arteries substantially. Both arteries are essential for vision and are very important to be protected in surgeries involving this area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ophthalmic artery
• central retinal artery
• posterior ciliary arteries
• lacrimal artery

Kaynakça

1. 1. Michalinos A, Zogana S, Kotsiomitis E, Mazarakis A, Troupis T. Anatomy of the ophthalmic artery: a review concerning its modern surgical and clinical applications. Anat Res Int 2015;2015:591961. [CrossRef]
2. 2. Hayashi N, Kubo M, Tsuboi Y, Nishimura S, Nishijima M, Ahmed Abdel-Aal M, et al. Impact of anomalous origin of the ophthalmic artery from the middle meningeal artery on selection of surgical approach to skull base meningioma. Surg Neurol 2007;68(5):568-72. [CrossRef]
3. 3. Toma N. Anatomy of the ophthalmic artery: embryological consideration. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2016;56(10):585-91. [CrossRef]
4. 4. Bonasia S, Bojanowski M, Robert T. Embryology and anatomical variations of the ophthalmic artery. Neuroradiology 2020;62(2):139-52. [CrossRef]
5. 5. Tsutsumi S, Rhoton AL Jr. Microsurgical anatomy of the central retinal artery. Neurosurgery 2006;59(4):870-9. [CrossRef] 6
6. . Meyer F. Zur anatomie der Orbitalarteien. Morph Jahr 1887;12:414-58.
7. 7. Hayreh SS, Dass R. The ophthalmic artery: I. Origin and intra-cranial and intra-canalicular course. Br J Ophthalmol 1962;46(2):65-98. [CrossRef]
8. 8. Hayreh SS, Dass R. The ophthalmic artery: II. Intra-orbital course. Br J Ophthalmol 1962;46(3):165-85. [CrossRef] 9. Hayreh SS. The ophthalmic artery: III. Branches. Br J Ophthalmol 1962;46(4):212-47. [CrossRef]

9. 10. Kuru Y. Meningeal branches of the ophthalmic artery. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1967;6(3):241-51. [CrossRef]
10. 11. Moret J, Lasjaunias P, Théron J, Merland JJ. The middle meningeal artery. Its contribution to the vascularisation of the orbit. J Neuroradiol 1977;4(2):225-48.
11. 12. Vignaud J, Hasso AN, Lasjaunias P, Clay C. Orbital vascular anatomy and embryology. Radiology 1974;111(3):617-26. [CrossRef]
12. 13. Lasjaunias P, Brismar J, Moret J, Théron J. Recurrent cavernous branches of the ophthalmic artery. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1978;19(4):553-60. [CrossRef]
13. 14. Perrini P, Cardia A, Fraser K, Lanzino G. A microsurgical study of the anatomy and course of the ophthalmic artery and its possibly dangerous anastomoses. J Neurosurg 2007;106(1):142-50. [CrossRef]
14. 15. Hayreh SS. Orbital vascular anatomy. Eye (Lond) 2006;20(10):1130-44. [CrossRef]
15. 16. Komai K, Miyazaki S, Onoe S, Shimo-Oku M, Hishida S. Vasomotor nerves of vessels in the human optic nerve. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1995;73(6):512-6. [CrossRef]
16. 17. Oikawa S, Kawagishi K, Yokouchi K, Fukushima N, Moriizumi T. Immunohistochemical determination of the sympathetic pathway in the orbit via the cranial nerves in humans. J Neurosurg 2004;101(6):1037-44. [CrossRef]
17. 18. Rhoton AL Jr. The orbit. Neurosurgery 2002;51(4):303-34. [CrossRef]
18. 19. Ruskell GL. Access of autonomic nerves through the optic canal, and their orbital distribution in man. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2003;275(1):973-8. [CrossRef]
19. 20. Bouthillier A, van Loveren HR, Keller JT. Segments of the internal carotid artery: a new classification. Neurosurgery 1996;38(3):425-33. [CrossRef]
20. 21. Lehecka M, Dashti R, Romani R, Celik O, Navratil O, Kivipelto L, et al. Microneurosurgical management of internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysms. Surg Neurol 2009;71(6):649-67. [CrossRef]
21. 22. Bertelli E, Regoli M, Bracco S. An update on the variations of the orbital blood supply and hemodynamic. Surg Radiol Anat 2017;39(5):485-96. [CrossRef]
22. 23. Dilenge D, Ascherl GF Jr. Variations of the ophthalmic and middle meningeal arteries: relation to the embryonic stapedial artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1980;1(1):45-54.
23. 24. Fiore DL, Pardatscher K, Fiore D, Zuccarello M, Iraci G. Persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery. Report of a case with associated fibromuscular hyperplasia of the extracranial internal carotid artery and multiple cerebral aneurysms. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 1981;24(3):106-8. [CrossRef]
24. 25. Parlato C, di Nuzzo G, Luongo M, Tortora F, Briganti F. Anatomical variant of origin of ophthalmic artery: case report. Surg Radiol Anat 2011;33(3):275-8. [CrossRef]
25. 26. Islak C, Ogüt G, Numan F, Cokyüksel O, Kuday C. Persistent nonmigrated ventral primitive ophthalmic artery. Report on one case. J Neuroradiol 1994;21(1):46-9.
26. 27. Indo M, Oya S, Tanaka M, Matsui T. High incidence of ICA anterior wall aneurysms in patients with an anomalous origin of the ophthalmic artery: possible relevance to the pathogenesis of aneurysm formation. J Neurosurg 2014;120(1):93-8. [CrossRef]
27. 28. Zhou WZ, Zhao LB, Liu S, Shi HB. Teaching NeuroImages: Unilateral agenesis of internal carotid artery with ophthalmic artery from opposite side. Neurology 2015;84(9):e65-6. [CrossRef]
28. 29. Baltsavias G, Türk Y, Valavanis A. Persistent ventral ophthalmic artery associated with supraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm: case report and review of the literature. J Neuroradiol 2012;39(3):186-9. [CrossRef]
29. 30. Bracard S, Liao L, Zhu F, Gory B, Anxionnat R, Braun M. The ophthalmic artery: a new variant involving two branches from the supracavernous internal carotid artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2020;42(2):201-5. [CrossRef]
30. 31. Watanabe A, Hirano K, Ishii R. Dural caroticocavernous fistula with both ophthalmic arteries arising from middle meningeal arteries. Neuroradiology 1996;38(8):806-8. [CrossRef]
31. 32. Fisher AG. A case of complete absence of both internal carotid arteries, with a preliminary note on the developmental history of the stapedial artery. J Anat Physiol 1913;48:37-46.
32. 33. Flemming EE. Absence of the left internal carotid artery. J Anat Physiol 1895;29:13-4.
33. 34. Lowrey LG. Anomaly in the circle of Willis, due to absence of the right internal carotid artery. Anat Rec 1916;10:221-2.
34. 35. Honma Y, Ogawa T, Nagao S. Angiographically occult anomalous ophthalmic artery arising from the anterior cerebral artery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997;139(5):480-1. [CrossRef]
35. 36. Li Y, Horiuchi T, Yako T, Ishizaka S, Hongo K. Anomalous origin of the ophthalmic artery from the anterior cerebral artery. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2011;51(8):579-81. [CrossRef]
36. 37. Hannequin P, Peltier J, Destrieux C, Velut S, Havet E, Le Gars D. The inter-optic course of a unique precommunicating anterior cerebral artery with aberrant origin of an ophthalmic artery: an anatomic case report. Surg Radiol Anat 2013;35(3):269-71. [CrossRef]
37. 38. Naeini RM, De J, Satow T, Benndorf G. Unilateral agenesis of internal carotid artery with ophthalmic artery arising from posterior communicating artery. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184(2):571-3. [CrossRef]
38. 39. Nakata H, Iwata Y. Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery with an ophthalmic artery arising from the posterior communicating artery. No Shinkei Geka 1987;15(1):57-62.
39. 40. Priman J, Christie DH. A case of abnormal internal carotid artery and associated vascular anomalies. Anat Rec 1959;134:87-95. [CrossRef]
40. 41. Sade B, Tampieri D, Mohr G. Ophthalmic artery originating from basilar artery: a rare variant. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25(10):1730-1.
41. 42. Schumacher M, Wakhloo AK. An orbital arteriovenous malformation in a patient with origin of the ophthalmic artery from the basilar artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15(3):550-3.
42. 43. Rivera R, Choi IS, Sordo JG, Giacaman P, Badilla L, Bravo E, et al. Unusual origin of the left ophthalmic artery from the basilar trunk. Surg Radiol Anat 2015;37(4):399-401. [CrossRef]
43. 44. Tonetti DA, Jadhav AP, Ducruet AF. A rare marginal tentorial artery to ophthalmic artery anastomosis. J Clin Neurosci 2015;22(4):773-4. [CrossRef]
44. 45. Baldoncini M, Campero A, Moran G, Avendaño M, Hinojosa-Martínez P, Cimmino M, et al. Microsurgical Anatomy of the Central Retinal Artery. World Neurosurg 2019;130:e172-e187. [CrossRef]
45. 46. Felten DL, O’Banion MK, Maida MS, Netter F. Netter’s Atlas of Neuroscience. Section III Systemic neuroscience 14-Sensory Systems. Philedelphia, PA: Elsevier; Third Edition 2016: 353-89. [CrossRef]