GENDER DYSPHORIA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Öz

Gender dysphoria (GD) is defined as an apparent incongruence between assigned sex and experienced gender. Scholars across the world are attempting to achieve guidelines for a universal approach for children and adolescents experiencing GD. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the biopsychosocial model as a holistic template for gender dysphoria. Youth with gender dysphoria often evince emotional and behavioral problems resulting from the stress of being marginalized and being forced to inhabit a body that does not match the experienced gender. The assessment processes for young people with GD are complex: numerous crucial factors regarding gender identity and possible psychopathologies must be contemplated by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Treatment guidelines establish different protocols of beginning treatment for different age groups; however, consensus has not yet been achieved in approaches applied to GD in discrete clinics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gender dysphoria
• bio-psycho-social model

ÇOCUK VE ERGENLERDE CİNSİYET HOŞNUTSUZLUĞU

Öz

Cinsiyet Hoşnutsuzluğu (CH), kişinin yaşadığı ya da dışa vurduğu cinsel kimlikle, onun için doğumda belirlenen cinsiyet kimliği arasında belirgin bir uyuşmazlık olması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dünya genelinde bu durumdaki çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik ortak yaklaşım kılavuzları oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Son yapılan çalışmalar cinsiyet hoşnutsuzluğu için bütüncül bir model olan biyo-psiko-sosyal modelin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Cinsiyet hoşnutsuzluğu olan gençlerde, bir azınlık olmanın verdiği stres ve deneyimlenen cinsiyet ile eşleşmeyen bir bedende yaşamanın verdiği sıkıntı sonucunda yüksek oranlarda duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar saptanmaktadır. Cinsiyet hoşnutsuzluğu olan gençlere yönelik değerlendirme süreçleri karmaşıktır. Bu süreçte Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ile ilgili uzman bir hekim tarafından cinsiyete özgü belirtiler ve olası psikopatolojilere yönelik birçok önemli faktör göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Tedavi kılavuzlarına göre farklı yaş gruplarında tedavi başlangıcı ile ilgili farklılıklar bulunmakla birlikte, klinikler arasında uygulanan farklı yaklaşımlar açısından henüz görüş birliği sağlanamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cinsiyet hoşnutsuzluğu
• biyo-psiko-sosyal model
• .

Kaynakça

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