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EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 4, 384 - 389, 19.10.2020

Öz

Objective: Modern people are exposed to many environmental factors, including Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF). ELF-MFs are emitted from everything that produces electricity or that it passes through. Some studies have shown no significant detrimental effect of ELF-MFs on biological systems, while other studies have shown that ELF-MFs increase the risk of the development of childhood leukaemia (1). Moreover, the 40 Hz-7mT range ELF-MF has been used as a magnetotherapy instrument (2). In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of ELFMF on healthy dermal fibroblasts and breast cancer cells (MCF7). Material and Method: After the administration of 1 mT-50 Hz ELF-MF to healthy and cancer cells for different exposure times, apoptosis/necrosis levels were investigated and cell cycles and proliferation indexes were examined. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to find the most effective dose. Results: The ELF-MF did not show any significant effect on MCF7 cells. However, it caused increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of healthy fibroblast cells. Furthermore, no changes in the cell cycle were observed in either cell line. As a result of AHP, the most effective exposure was determined to be 1 hour. Conclusion: Our results showed that while the ELF-MF reduces the viability of healthy fibroblasts, it has not observed therapeutic effect on breast cancer cells.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Manser M, Sater MR, Schmid CD, Noreen F, Murbach M, Kuster N, et al. ELF-MF exposure affects the robustness of epigenetic programming during granulopoiesis. Sci Rep 2017;7:43345. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Goraca A, Ciejka E, Piechota A. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on the parameters of oxidative stress in heart. J Physiol Pharmacol 2010;61(3):333-8.
  • 3. Lange S, Viergutz T, Simko M. Modifications in cell cycle kinetics and in expression of G1 phase-regulating proteins in human amniotic cells after exposure to electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation. Cell Prolif 2004;37(5):337-49. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Trillo MA, Martinez MA, Cid MA, Leal J, Ubeda A. Influence of a 50 Hz magnetic field and of all-trans-retinol on the proliferation of human cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2012;40(5):1405-13. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Cid MA, Ubeda A, Hernandez-Bule ML, Martinez MA, Trillo MA. Antagonistic effects of a 50 Hz magnetic field and melatonin in the proliferation and differentiation of hepatocarcinoma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012;30(6):1502-16. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Wei M, Guizzetti M, Yost M, Costa LG. Exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields and proliferation of human astrocytoma cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharm 2000;162(3):166-76. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Eleuteri AM, Amici M, Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Cuccioloni M, Grimaldi S, et al. 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance protein carbonyl groups content in cancer cells: effects on proteasomal systems. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009;2009:834239. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Lai H, Singh NP. Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 1997;18(2):156-65. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Kaszuba-Zwoinska J, Ciecko-Michalska I, Madroszkiewicz D, Mach T, Slodowska-Hajduk Z, Rokita E, et al. Magnetic field anti-inflammatory effects in Crohn’s disease depends upon viability and cytokine profile of the immune competent cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;59(1):177-87.
  • 10. Sutbeyaz ST, Sezer N, Koseoglu F, Kibar S. Low-frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Fibromyalgia A Randomized, Double-blind, Sham-controlled Clinical Study. Clin J Pain 2009;25(8):722-8. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Markov MS. Magnetic field therapy: A review. Electromagn Biol Med 2007;26(1):1-23. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Lappin MS, Lawrie FW, Richards TL, Kramer ED. Effects of a pulsed electromagnetic therapy on multiple sclerosis fatigue and quality of life: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Altern Ther Health M 2003;9(4):38-48.
  • 13. Bertolino G, Braga AD, Rosa KDLD, Brito LCD, de Araujo JE. Macroscopic and histological effects of magnetic field exposition in the process of tissue reparation in Wistar rats. Arch Dermatol Res 2006;298(3):121-6. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Cane V, Botti P, Soana S. Pulsed Magnetic-Fields Improve Osteoblast Activity during the Repair of an Experimental Osseous Defect. J Orthopaed Res 1993;11(5):664-70. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Cameron IL, Sun LZ, Short N, Hardman WE, Williams CD. Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field (TEMF) and gamma irradiation on human breast cancer xenograft growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2005;5:23. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Yamaguchi S, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Sekino M, Ueno S. The effect of repetitive magnetic stimulation on the tumor development. Ieee T Magn 2004;40(4):3021-3. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Kirson ED, Gurvich Z, Schneiderman R, Dekel E, Itzhaki A, Wasserman Y, et al. Disruption of cancer cell replication by alternating electric fields. Cancer Res 2004;64(9):3288-95. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Barbault A, Costa FP, Bottger B, Munden RF, Bomholt F, Kuster N, et al. Amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields for the treatment of cancer: Discovery of tumorspecific frequencies and assessment of a novel therapeutic approach. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009;28(1):51. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Chen G, Lu D, Chiang H, Leszczynski D, Xu Z. Using model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to evaluate the effects of ELF-MF and RF-EMF exposure on global gene expression. Bioelectromagnetics 2012;33(7):550-60. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Tenuzzo B, Chionna A, Panzarini E, Lanubile R, Tarantino P, Di Jeso B, et al. Biological effects of 6 mT static magnetic fields: A comparative study in different cell types. Bioelectromagnetics 2006;27(7):560-77. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Focke F, Schuermann D, Kuster N, Schar P. DNA fragmentation in human fibroblasts under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M 2010;683(1-2):74-83. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Induction of genomic instability, oxidative processes, and mitochondrial activity by 50Hz magnetic fields in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Mutat Res 2014;760:33-41. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Tiwari R, Lakshmi NK, Bhargava SC, Ahuja YR. Epinephrine, DNA integrity and oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) at 132 kV substations. Electromagn Biol Med 2015;34(1):56- 62. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Lai H, Singh NP. Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 1997;18(6):446-54. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Lai H, Singh NP. Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat. Environ Health Persp 2004;112(6):687-94. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Mahmoudinasab H, Sanie-Jahromi F, Saadat M. Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on expression levels of some antioxidant genes in human MCF-7 cells. Mol Biol Res Commun 2016;5(2):77-85.
  • 27. Rollwitz J, Lupke M, Simko M. Fifty-hertz magnetic fields induce free radical formation in mouse bone marrowderived promonocytes and macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004;1674(3):231-8. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Frahm J, Lantow M, Lupke M, Weiss DG, Simko M. Alteration in cellular functions in mouse macrophages after exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. J Cell Biochem 2006;99(1):168-77. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Lupke M, Rollwitz J, Simko M. Cell activating capacity of 50 Hz magnetic fields to release reactive oxygen intermediates in human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and in Mono Mac 6 cells. Free Radic Res 2004;38(9):985-93. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Hisamitsu T, Narita K, Kasahara T, Seto A, Yu Y, Asano K. Induction of apoptosis in human leukemic cells by magnetic fields. Jpn J Physiol 1997;47(3):307-10.
  • 31. Simko M, Kriehuber R, Weiss DG, Luben RA. Effects of 50 Hz EMF exposure on micronucleus formation and apoptosis in transformed and nontransformed human cell lines. Bioelectromagnetics 1998;19(2):85-91. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Chen YC, Chen CC, Tu W, Cheng YT, Tseng FG. Design and fabrication of a microplatform for the proximity effect study of localized ELF-EMF on the growth of in vitro HeLa and PC-12 cells. J Micromech Microeng 2010;20(12):125023. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Ruiz-Gomez MJ, de la Pena L, Prieto-Barcia MI, Pastor JM, Gil L, Martinez-Morillo M. Influence of 1 and 25 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic fields on antitumor drug potency in a human adenocarcinoma cell line. Bioelectromagnetics 2002;23(8):578-85. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Ruiz-Gomez A, Ruiz-Gomez MJ, Pastor JM, De la Pena L, Martinez M. Stochastic simulation of logistic growth of a colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Europ J Cancer 1999;35:S28.
  • 35. Hannan CJ, Jr., Liang Y, Allison JD, Pantazis CG, Searle JR. Chemotherapy of human carcinoma xenografts during pulsed magnetic field exposure. Anticancer Res 1994;14(4A):1521-4.
  • 36. Tofani S, Barone D, Berardelli M, Berno E, Cintorino M, Foglia L, et al. Static and ELF magnetic fields enhance the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of cis-platin against lewis lung carcinoma, but not of cyclophosphamide against B16 melanotic melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2003;48(1):83-90.

ÇOK DÜŞÜK FREKANSLI MANYETİK ALANIN SAĞLIKLI FİBROBLAST VE MEME KANSERİ HÜCRELERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 4, 384 - 389, 19.10.2020

Öz

Amaç: Modern insan, çok düşük frekanslı manyetik alan (ELF-MF) da dâhil olmak üzere birçok çevresel etkene maruz kalmaktadır. ELF-MF, içinden elektrik geçen veya üreten her şeyden yayılır. Bazı çalışmalar ELF-MF’nin biyolojik sistemler üzerinde önemli bir zararlı etkisi olmadığını göstermişken, diğer çalışmalar ELF- MF’nin çocukluk çağı lösemisi geliştirme riskini arttırdığını göstermiştir (1). Dahası, 40 Hz-7mT gücündeki ELF-MF bir magnetoterapi aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır (2). Bu çalışmada, ELF-MF’nin sağlıklı dermal fibroblastlar ve meme kanseri hücreleri (MCF7) üzerindeki etkisinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı maruziyet süreleri için sağlıklı ve tümör hücrelerine 1 mT-50 Hz ELF-MF uygulandıktan sonra apoptoz/ nekroz seviyeleri araştırılmıştır; hücre döngüleri ve proliferasyon indeksleri incelenmiştir. En etkili dozu bulmak için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: ELF-MF, MCF7 hücreleri üzerinde herhangi bir anlamlı bir etki göstermemiştir. Bununla birlikte, sağlıklı fibroblast hücrelerinde apoptozun artmasına ve proliferasyonunu düşmesine sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca, her iki hücre hattında da hücre döngüsünde herhangi bir değişiklik gözlemlenmemiştir. AHP sonucunda en etkili maruziyetin 1 saat olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, ELF-MF’nin sağlıklı fibroblastların canlılığını azaltırken meme kanseri hücreleri üzerinde herhangi bir terapötik etki yaratmadığını göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Manser M, Sater MR, Schmid CD, Noreen F, Murbach M, Kuster N, et al. ELF-MF exposure affects the robustness of epigenetic programming during granulopoiesis. Sci Rep 2017;7:43345. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Goraca A, Ciejka E, Piechota A. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on the parameters of oxidative stress in heart. J Physiol Pharmacol 2010;61(3):333-8.
  • 3. Lange S, Viergutz T, Simko M. Modifications in cell cycle kinetics and in expression of G1 phase-regulating proteins in human amniotic cells after exposure to electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation. Cell Prolif 2004;37(5):337-49. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Trillo MA, Martinez MA, Cid MA, Leal J, Ubeda A. Influence of a 50 Hz magnetic field and of all-trans-retinol on the proliferation of human cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2012;40(5):1405-13. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Cid MA, Ubeda A, Hernandez-Bule ML, Martinez MA, Trillo MA. Antagonistic effects of a 50 Hz magnetic field and melatonin in the proliferation and differentiation of hepatocarcinoma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012;30(6):1502-16. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Wei M, Guizzetti M, Yost M, Costa LG. Exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields and proliferation of human astrocytoma cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharm 2000;162(3):166-76. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Eleuteri AM, Amici M, Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Cuccioloni M, Grimaldi S, et al. 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance protein carbonyl groups content in cancer cells: effects on proteasomal systems. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009;2009:834239. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Lai H, Singh NP. Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 1997;18(2):156-65. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Kaszuba-Zwoinska J, Ciecko-Michalska I, Madroszkiewicz D, Mach T, Slodowska-Hajduk Z, Rokita E, et al. Magnetic field anti-inflammatory effects in Crohn’s disease depends upon viability and cytokine profile of the immune competent cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;59(1):177-87.
  • 10. Sutbeyaz ST, Sezer N, Koseoglu F, Kibar S. Low-frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Fibromyalgia A Randomized, Double-blind, Sham-controlled Clinical Study. Clin J Pain 2009;25(8):722-8. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Markov MS. Magnetic field therapy: A review. Electromagn Biol Med 2007;26(1):1-23. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Lappin MS, Lawrie FW, Richards TL, Kramer ED. Effects of a pulsed electromagnetic therapy on multiple sclerosis fatigue and quality of life: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Altern Ther Health M 2003;9(4):38-48.
  • 13. Bertolino G, Braga AD, Rosa KDLD, Brito LCD, de Araujo JE. Macroscopic and histological effects of magnetic field exposition in the process of tissue reparation in Wistar rats. Arch Dermatol Res 2006;298(3):121-6. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Cane V, Botti P, Soana S. Pulsed Magnetic-Fields Improve Osteoblast Activity during the Repair of an Experimental Osseous Defect. J Orthopaed Res 1993;11(5):664-70. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Cameron IL, Sun LZ, Short N, Hardman WE, Williams CD. Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field (TEMF) and gamma irradiation on human breast cancer xenograft growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2005;5:23. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Yamaguchi S, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Sekino M, Ueno S. The effect of repetitive magnetic stimulation on the tumor development. Ieee T Magn 2004;40(4):3021-3. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Kirson ED, Gurvich Z, Schneiderman R, Dekel E, Itzhaki A, Wasserman Y, et al. Disruption of cancer cell replication by alternating electric fields. Cancer Res 2004;64(9):3288-95. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Barbault A, Costa FP, Bottger B, Munden RF, Bomholt F, Kuster N, et al. Amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields for the treatment of cancer: Discovery of tumorspecific frequencies and assessment of a novel therapeutic approach. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009;28(1):51. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Chen G, Lu D, Chiang H, Leszczynski D, Xu Z. Using model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to evaluate the effects of ELF-MF and RF-EMF exposure on global gene expression. Bioelectromagnetics 2012;33(7):550-60. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Tenuzzo B, Chionna A, Panzarini E, Lanubile R, Tarantino P, Di Jeso B, et al. Biological effects of 6 mT static magnetic fields: A comparative study in different cell types. Bioelectromagnetics 2006;27(7):560-77. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Focke F, Schuermann D, Kuster N, Schar P. DNA fragmentation in human fibroblasts under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M 2010;683(1-2):74-83. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Induction of genomic instability, oxidative processes, and mitochondrial activity by 50Hz magnetic fields in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Mutat Res 2014;760:33-41. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Tiwari R, Lakshmi NK, Bhargava SC, Ahuja YR. Epinephrine, DNA integrity and oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) at 132 kV substations. Electromagn Biol Med 2015;34(1):56- 62. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Lai H, Singh NP. Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 1997;18(6):446-54. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Lai H, Singh NP. Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat. Environ Health Persp 2004;112(6):687-94. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Mahmoudinasab H, Sanie-Jahromi F, Saadat M. Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on expression levels of some antioxidant genes in human MCF-7 cells. Mol Biol Res Commun 2016;5(2):77-85.
  • 27. Rollwitz J, Lupke M, Simko M. Fifty-hertz magnetic fields induce free radical formation in mouse bone marrowderived promonocytes and macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004;1674(3):231-8. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Frahm J, Lantow M, Lupke M, Weiss DG, Simko M. Alteration in cellular functions in mouse macrophages after exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. J Cell Biochem 2006;99(1):168-77. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Lupke M, Rollwitz J, Simko M. Cell activating capacity of 50 Hz magnetic fields to release reactive oxygen intermediates in human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and in Mono Mac 6 cells. Free Radic Res 2004;38(9):985-93. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Hisamitsu T, Narita K, Kasahara T, Seto A, Yu Y, Asano K. Induction of apoptosis in human leukemic cells by magnetic fields. Jpn J Physiol 1997;47(3):307-10.
  • 31. Simko M, Kriehuber R, Weiss DG, Luben RA. Effects of 50 Hz EMF exposure on micronucleus formation and apoptosis in transformed and nontransformed human cell lines. Bioelectromagnetics 1998;19(2):85-91. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Chen YC, Chen CC, Tu W, Cheng YT, Tseng FG. Design and fabrication of a microplatform for the proximity effect study of localized ELF-EMF on the growth of in vitro HeLa and PC-12 cells. J Micromech Microeng 2010;20(12):125023. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Ruiz-Gomez MJ, de la Pena L, Prieto-Barcia MI, Pastor JM, Gil L, Martinez-Morillo M. Influence of 1 and 25 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic fields on antitumor drug potency in a human adenocarcinoma cell line. Bioelectromagnetics 2002;23(8):578-85. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Ruiz-Gomez A, Ruiz-Gomez MJ, Pastor JM, De la Pena L, Martinez M. Stochastic simulation of logistic growth of a colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Europ J Cancer 1999;35:S28.
  • 35. Hannan CJ, Jr., Liang Y, Allison JD, Pantazis CG, Searle JR. Chemotherapy of human carcinoma xenografts during pulsed magnetic field exposure. Anticancer Res 1994;14(4A):1521-4.
  • 36. Tofani S, Barone D, Berardelli M, Berno E, Cintorino M, Foglia L, et al. Static and ELF magnetic fields enhance the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of cis-platin against lewis lung carcinoma, but not of cyclophosphamide against B16 melanotic melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2003;48(1):83-90.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA
Yazarlar

Handan Kayhan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4967-2740

Babek Erdebilli Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8860-3903

Sevim Gönen Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2059-6193

Meriç Arda Eşmekaya Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0469-4954

Ersen Ertekin Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7182-0725

Ayşe Gülnihal Canseven Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0716-7981

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 83 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kayhan, H., Erdebilli, B., Gönen, S., Eşmekaya, M. A., vd. (2020). EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 83(4), 384-389.
AMA Kayhan H, Erdebilli B, Gönen S, Eşmekaya MA, Ertekin E, Canseven AG. EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. Ekim 2020;83(4):384-389.
Chicago Kayhan, Handan, Babek Erdebilli, Sevim Gönen, Meriç Arda Eşmekaya, Ersen Ertekin, ve Ayşe Gülnihal Canseven. “EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 83, sy. 4 (Ekim 2020): 384-89.
EndNote Kayhan H, Erdebilli B, Gönen S, Eşmekaya MA, Ertekin E, Canseven AG (01 Ekim 2020) EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 83 4 384–389.
IEEE H. Kayhan, B. Erdebilli, S. Gönen, M. A. Eşmekaya, E. Ertekin, ve A. G. Canseven, “EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS”, İst Tıp Fak Derg, c. 83, sy. 4, ss. 384–389, 2020.
ISNAD Kayhan, Handan vd. “EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 83/4 (Ekim 2020), 384-389.
JAMA Kayhan H, Erdebilli B, Gönen S, Eşmekaya MA, Ertekin E, Canseven AG. EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2020;83:384–389.
MLA Kayhan, Handan vd. “EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, c. 83, sy. 4, 2020, ss. 384-9.
Vancouver Kayhan H, Erdebilli B, Gönen S, Eşmekaya MA, Ertekin E, Canseven AG. EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON HEALTHY FIBROBLASTS AND BREAST CANCER CELLS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2020;83(4):384-9.

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