Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS

Year 2022, Volume: 85 Issue: 1, 91 - 97, 25.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.907719

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction in young adults, and to investigate the relationship between smartphone use, depression, anxiety, and social appearance anxiety. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic data form, Smartphone Dependence Scale-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care-Short Form, Beck Anxiety Scale, and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale were applied face to face in this cross-descriptive study. Results: A total of 259 subjects, 128 (49.4%) female and 131 (50.6%) male, were included in the study. 25.9% of the participants were smartphone addicts. There was a high positive correlation between smartphone usage time and smartphone addiction score. The social appearance anxiety average scores of the social media users (30.8±13.9) were higher than those of subjects who do not use social media (28.8±11.3). Smartphone addiction scale had a positive correlation with anxiety and social appearance anxiety scores, while not with depression. Conclusion: Our results revealed that the purpose of smartphone usage affects people more than smartphone usage or smartphone addiction. The internet, and especially programs related to sharing one’s appearance and lifestyle and applications that create an unrealistic appearance that conforms to virtual norms, can add hard-to-repair prejudices to the mind. This situation should be seen as a threat, especially for the younger generation, and is a new sociological problem worth investigating.

References

  • 1. Elhai JD, Dvorak RD, Levine JC, Hall BJ. Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. J Affect Disord 2017;207:251-9. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Güler H, Şahinkayası Y, Şahinkayası H. İnternet ve mobil teknolojilerin yaygınlaşması: Fırsatlar ve sınırlılıklar. Sos Bilim Derg 2017;7(14):186-207. [CrossRef] 3. De-Sola Gutierrez J, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Rubio G. Cellphone addiction: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2016;7:175. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Thomée S, Härenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults - A prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:66. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Noyan CO, Enez Darçın A, Nurmedov S, Yılmaz O, Dilbaz N. Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg 2015;16(1):73-81. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Kuyucu M. Gençlerde akıllı telefon kullanımı ve akıllı telefon bağımlılığı sorunsalı: “Akıllı telefon(kolik) üniversite gençliği.” Glob Media J TR Ed 2017;7(14):328-59.
  • 7. Öngören B. Sosyolojik açıdan sağlıklı beden imgesi. Sos ve Beşeri Bilim Araştırmaları Derg 2015;16(34):25-45.
  • 8. Doğan T. Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği’nin (SGKÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Derg 2010;39:151-159.
  • 9. Emirtekin E, Balta S, Sural İ, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD, Billieux J. The role of childhood emotional maltreatment and body image dissatisfaction in problematic smartphone use among adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2019;271:634-9. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Arantes Pagano AL, Araújo GB, Freitas GS, Lopes RG, Azevedo RG, Borges RD. et al. Body perception and anorexic behavior in medical school students: A crosssectional observational study. MedNEXT J Med Health Sci 2021;2(1):66-72. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Tuğlu C, Türe M, Dağdeviren N, Aktürk Z. Birinci basamak için Beck depresyon tarama ölçeğinin Türkçe çevriminin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türkiye Aile Hekim Derg 2005;9(3):117-22.
  • 12. Ulusoy M, Sahın N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother 1998;12(2):163-72.
  • 13. Kwon M, Kim D-J, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e83558. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Hart TA, Flora DB, Palyo SA, Fresco DM, Holle C, Heimberg RG. Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment 2008;15(1):48-59. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 5th ed. SAGE Publications Ltd.; 2018.
  • 16. Aljomaa SS, Al.Qudah MF, Albursan IS, Bakhiet SF, Abduljabbar AS. Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Computers in Human Behavior 2016;61:155-64. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Halayem S, Nouira O, Bourgou S, Bouden A, Othman S, Halayem M. The mobile: a new addiction upon adolescents. Tunis Med 2010;88(8):593-6.
  • 18. Yahyazadeh S, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Norouzi K, Dalvandi A. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among students in medical sciences universities in Tehran 2016. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery 2017;26(94):1-10.
  • 19. Lin YH, Lin YC, Lee YH, Lin PH, Lin SH, Chang LR, et al. Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App). J Psychiatr Res 2015;65:139-45. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict 2015;4(2):85- 92. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Jones, T. Students’ cell phone addiction and their opinions. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications 2014;5.1.
  • 22. Augner C, Hacker GW. Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. Int J Public Health 2012;57(2):437-41. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Harwood J, Dooley J, Scott A, Joiner R. Constantly connected-The effects of smart-devices on mental health. Computers in Human Behavior 2014;34:267-72. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Santos VA, Freire R, Zugliani M, Cirillo P, Santos HH, Nardi AE, et al. Treatment of internet addiction with anxiety disorders: Treatment protocol and preliminary before-after results involving pharmacotherapy and modified cognitive behavioral therapy. JMIR Res Protoc 2016;5(1):e46. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Wan Ismail WS, Sim ST, Tan KA, Bahar N, Ibrahim N, Mahadevan R, et al. The relations of internet and smartphone addictions to depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality among public university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020;56(4):949-55. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Claes L, Hart TA, Smits D, Van den Eynde F, Mueller A, Mitchell JE. Validation of the social appearance anxiety scale in female eating disorder patients. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2012;20(5):406-9. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Grogan S. Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2016.
  • 28. Forbes GB, Adams-Curtis LE, Rade B, Jaberg P. Body dissatisfaction in women and men: The role of gendertyping and self-esteem. Sex Roles 2001;44(7-8):461-84. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Gültzow T, Guidry JPD, Schneider F, Hoving C. Male Body Image Portrayals on Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw 2020;23(5):281-9. [CrossRef]

GENÇ ERİŞKİNLERDE AKILLI TELEFON BAĞIMLILIĞI İLE DEPRESYON, ANKSİYETE VE SOSYAL GÖRÜNÜM KAYGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ ÜZERİNE KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2022, Volume: 85 Issue: 1, 91 - 97, 25.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.907719

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile, genç yetişkinlerde akıllı telefon bağımlılığının yaygınlığını belirlemek ve akıllı telefon kullanımı, depresyon, anksiyete ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çapraz tanımlayıcı desende planlanan bu çalışmada sosyo-demografik veri formu, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılık Ölçeği-Kısa Formu, Birinci Basamak için Beck Depresyon Envanteri- Kısa Formu, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 128’i (%49,4) kadın ve 131 (%50,6) erkek olmak üzere toplam 259 kişi dahil edildi. Katılımcıların %25,9’u akıllı telefon bağımlısıydı. Akıllı telefon kullanım süresi ile akıllı telefon bağımlılığı puanı arasında yüksek bir pozitif korelasyon vardı. Sosyal medya kullanıcılarının sosyal görünüş kaygısı ortalama puanları (30,8±13,9), sosyal medya kullanmayanların puanlarından (28,8±11,3) istatistiksel olarak daha yüksekti. Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ölçeği ile depresyon ölçek puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki yokken, anksiyete ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı puanları ile pozitif korelasyona sahipti. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, akıllı telefon kullanımının amacının, akıllı telefon kullanımı veya bağımlılığına kıyasla kişileri daha fazla etkileme olasılığının olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İnternet ve özellikle de görünüş ve yaşam tarzının paylaşımıyla ilişkili programların, olduğundan farklı ve normlara uygun görünüşün yaratıldığı uygulamalarla desteklenmesi zihinlere tamiri zor ön yargılar ekleyebilir. Bu durum özellikle de genç nesil için bir tehdit olarak görülmelidir ve araştırılmaya değer yeni bir sosyolojik sorundur.

References

  • 1. Elhai JD, Dvorak RD, Levine JC, Hall BJ. Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. J Affect Disord 2017;207:251-9. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Güler H, Şahinkayası Y, Şahinkayası H. İnternet ve mobil teknolojilerin yaygınlaşması: Fırsatlar ve sınırlılıklar. Sos Bilim Derg 2017;7(14):186-207. [CrossRef] 3. De-Sola Gutierrez J, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Rubio G. Cellphone addiction: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2016;7:175. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Thomée S, Härenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults - A prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:66. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Noyan CO, Enez Darçın A, Nurmedov S, Yılmaz O, Dilbaz N. Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg 2015;16(1):73-81. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Kuyucu M. Gençlerde akıllı telefon kullanımı ve akıllı telefon bağımlılığı sorunsalı: “Akıllı telefon(kolik) üniversite gençliği.” Glob Media J TR Ed 2017;7(14):328-59.
  • 7. Öngören B. Sosyolojik açıdan sağlıklı beden imgesi. Sos ve Beşeri Bilim Araştırmaları Derg 2015;16(34):25-45.
  • 8. Doğan T. Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği’nin (SGKÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Derg 2010;39:151-159.
  • 9. Emirtekin E, Balta S, Sural İ, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD, Billieux J. The role of childhood emotional maltreatment and body image dissatisfaction in problematic smartphone use among adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2019;271:634-9. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Arantes Pagano AL, Araújo GB, Freitas GS, Lopes RG, Azevedo RG, Borges RD. et al. Body perception and anorexic behavior in medical school students: A crosssectional observational study. MedNEXT J Med Health Sci 2021;2(1):66-72. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Tuğlu C, Türe M, Dağdeviren N, Aktürk Z. Birinci basamak için Beck depresyon tarama ölçeğinin Türkçe çevriminin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türkiye Aile Hekim Derg 2005;9(3):117-22.
  • 12. Ulusoy M, Sahın N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother 1998;12(2):163-72.
  • 13. Kwon M, Kim D-J, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e83558. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Hart TA, Flora DB, Palyo SA, Fresco DM, Holle C, Heimberg RG. Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment 2008;15(1):48-59. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 5th ed. SAGE Publications Ltd.; 2018.
  • 16. Aljomaa SS, Al.Qudah MF, Albursan IS, Bakhiet SF, Abduljabbar AS. Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Computers in Human Behavior 2016;61:155-64. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Halayem S, Nouira O, Bourgou S, Bouden A, Othman S, Halayem M. The mobile: a new addiction upon adolescents. Tunis Med 2010;88(8):593-6.
  • 18. Yahyazadeh S, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Norouzi K, Dalvandi A. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among students in medical sciences universities in Tehran 2016. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery 2017;26(94):1-10.
  • 19. Lin YH, Lin YC, Lee YH, Lin PH, Lin SH, Chang LR, et al. Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App). J Psychiatr Res 2015;65:139-45. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict 2015;4(2):85- 92. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Jones, T. Students’ cell phone addiction and their opinions. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications 2014;5.1.
  • 22. Augner C, Hacker GW. Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. Int J Public Health 2012;57(2):437-41. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Harwood J, Dooley J, Scott A, Joiner R. Constantly connected-The effects of smart-devices on mental health. Computers in Human Behavior 2014;34:267-72. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Santos VA, Freire R, Zugliani M, Cirillo P, Santos HH, Nardi AE, et al. Treatment of internet addiction with anxiety disorders: Treatment protocol and preliminary before-after results involving pharmacotherapy and modified cognitive behavioral therapy. JMIR Res Protoc 2016;5(1):e46. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Wan Ismail WS, Sim ST, Tan KA, Bahar N, Ibrahim N, Mahadevan R, et al. The relations of internet and smartphone addictions to depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality among public university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020;56(4):949-55. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Claes L, Hart TA, Smits D, Van den Eynde F, Mueller A, Mitchell JE. Validation of the social appearance anxiety scale in female eating disorder patients. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2012;20(5):406-9. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Grogan S. Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2016.
  • 28. Forbes GB, Adams-Curtis LE, Rade B, Jaberg P. Body dissatisfaction in women and men: The role of gendertyping and self-esteem. Sex Roles 2001;44(7-8):461-84. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Gültzow T, Guidry JPD, Schneider F, Hoving C. Male Body Image Portrayals on Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw 2020;23(5):281-9. [CrossRef]
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section RESEARCH
Authors

Başak Korkmazer 0000-0003-2977-0693

Fatih Yurdakul 0000-0001-7104-4172

Şükriye Özer 0000-0002-7442-3765

Öznur Yeşil 0000-0001-7447-2869

Cihan Coşkuntuncel 0000-0002-7684-8994

Büşra Sualp 0000-0002-8174-0814

Ayşe Önder 0000-0002-0834-6159

Erkan Melih Şahin 0000-0003-1520-8464

Publication Date January 25, 2022
Submission Date April 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 85 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Korkmazer, B., Yurdakul, F., Özer, Ş., Yeşil, Ö., et al. (2022). A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 85(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.907719
AMA Korkmazer B, Yurdakul F, Özer Ş, Yeşil Ö, Coşkuntuncel C, Sualp B, Önder A, Şahin EM. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. January 2022;85(1):91-97. doi:10.26650/IUITFD.907719
Chicago Korkmazer, Başak, Fatih Yurdakul, Şükriye Özer, Öznur Yeşil, Cihan Coşkuntuncel, Büşra Sualp, Ayşe Önder, and Erkan Melih Şahin. “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 85, no. 1 (January 2022): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.907719.
EndNote Korkmazer B, Yurdakul F, Özer Ş, Yeşil Ö, Coşkuntuncel C, Sualp B, Önder A, Şahin EM (January 1, 2022) A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 85 1 91–97.
IEEE B. Korkmazer, F. Yurdakul, Ş. Özer, Ö. Yeşil, C. Coşkuntuncel, B. Sualp, A. Önder, and E. M. Şahin, “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS”, İst Tıp Fak Derg, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 91–97, 2022, doi: 10.26650/IUITFD.907719.
ISNAD Korkmazer, Başak et al. “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 85/1 (January 2022), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.907719.
JAMA Korkmazer B, Yurdakul F, Özer Ş, Yeşil Ö, Coşkuntuncel C, Sualp B, Önder A, Şahin EM. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2022;85:91–97.
MLA Korkmazer, Başak et al. “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 85, no. 1, 2022, pp. 91-97, doi:10.26650/IUITFD.907719.
Vancouver Korkmazer B, Yurdakul F, Özer Ş, Yeşil Ö, Coşkuntuncel C, Sualp B, Önder A, Şahin EM. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2022;85(1):91-7.

Contact information and address

Addressi: İ.Ü. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı, Turgut Özal Cad. 34093 Çapa, Fatih, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE

Email: itfdergisi@istanbul.edu.tr

Phone: +90 212 414 21 61