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10-14 YAŞ ARALIĞINDAKİ ÇOCUKLARDA FAZLA KİLO/OBEZİTE GELİŞİMİNİ ETKİLEYEN BİREYSEL, DAVRANIŞSAL VE ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 87 Sayı: 2, 153 - 164, 27.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1392706

Öz

Amaç: Çocukluk çağı obezitesi önemli bir küresel halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) düzeylerini etkileyen çeşitli bireysel, davranışsal ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu şekilde, çocuklardaki obezitenin çok yönlü belirleyicilerinin daha derinlemesine anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik, fiziksel aktivite ve beslenme davranışları hakkında bilgi sağlayan yapılandırılmış bir anket formu, okulların fiziki durumunu ve okul kantinlerini değerlendirmek için de okul bilgi formu uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmadaki öğrencilerde fazla kilolu oranı %24, obezite oranı ise %13 saptanmıştır. Ortalama yaş, tüm öğrenciler için 12,41±1,13 olarak belirlendi. Obez öğrencilerin yaş ortalamaları, zayıf/normal kilolu öğrencilerinkinden önemli ölçüde daha düşüktü. Öğrencilerin VKİ'lerinin aile bireyleri arasındaki obezite durumuna göre dağılımı istatistiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı bulunmuştur. Obez öğrencilerin %30,1'inin aileleri obezdi, bu oran obez olmayan öğrencilerin ailelerinde %8,9'du. Zayıf/ normal kilolu grupta, okul ile ev arasındaki ortalama mesafe diğer iki gruptan daha yüksekti. Ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Çocukluk obezitesi ile başa çıkmak için bütünsel bir yaklaşım gereklidir ki bu, bireysel davranışları, çevresel etkileri ve toplumsal normları hedef alan çeşitli müdahaleleri içermelidir. Fiziksel aktiviteyi teşvik ederek, besin ortamlarını düzenleyerek ve sağlıklı beslenme konusunda eğitim vererek, çocukluk obezitesi salgınıyla mücadele edebilir ve böylelikle gelecek nesillerin sağlığını ve refahını artırabiliriz.

Kaynakça

  • Ritchie H, Roser M. Obesity. Our World in Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/obesity. Accessed December 12, 2023. google scholar
  • Martos-Moreno GÂ, Barrios V, Munoz-Calvo MT, Pozo J, Chowen JA, Argente J. Principles and pitfalls in the differential diagnosis and management of childhood obesities. Advances in Nutrition 2014;5(3):299S-305S. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Pearce J, Witten K. Geographies of obesity: Environmental understandings of the obesity epidemic. Edinburgh. Edinburgh,UK: Ashgate Publishing; 2012. google scholar
  • Jansen A, Schyns G. Exposure to Promote Healthy Eating. J Contemp Psychother 2023;53(2):133-40. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Lee RE, McAlexander K, Banda J. Reversing the obesogenic environment physical activity intervention series. First Edition. Human Kinetics; 2011. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • World Health Organization. Overweight and obesity in the Western Pacific region. 2017. google scholar
  • Korkmaz A. Kocaeli ili Gebze ilçesindeki ilköğretim II.basamak (6-7-8.sınıflar) öğrencilerinde obezite sıklığı ve beslenme davranışları. Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2008. google scholar
  • Procter KL. Measuring the obesogenic environment of childhood obesity. University of Leeds, 2007. google scholar
  • Yılmazbaş P, Gökçay G. Childhood obesity and prevention. The Journal of Child 2018;18(3):103-12. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • de França FCO, Zandonadi RP, da Silva Santana ÎA, da Silva ICR, Akutsu R de CC de A. Food and Consumers’ Environment Inside and around Federal Public Schools in Bahia, Brazil. Nutrients 2024;16(2):201. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yılmaz M, Kundakçı GA, Dereli F, Oztornacı BO. Obesity prevalence and associated characteristics in primary school students. The Journal of Current Pediatrics 2019;17(1):127-40. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Gorin AMYA, Crane MM. The obesogenic environment. In: Jelalian E, and Steele RG, editors. Handbook of childhood and adolescent obesity. Boston: Springer; 2008. p. 145-62. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Ergün C, Terzi F. Fiziksel aktiviteyi teşvik edici yapılaşmış çevre etmenleri ile obeziteyi önlemek: İlköğretim öğrencilerinde okula yürüyerek erişim program. İstanbul; 2016. google scholar
  • WHO. Consideration of the evidence on childhood obesity for the commission on ending childhood obesity. Geneva; 2016. google scholar
  • Daniels SR. Complications of obesity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes 2009;33:S60-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • George, D., Mallery P. SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. 10th ed. Boston: Pearson; 2010. google scholar
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. Childhood Obesity Facts. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/ childhood.html. Accessed December 12, 2023. google scholar
  • Yi X, Yin C, Chang M, Xiao Y. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among school-aged children in Xi’an, China. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171(2):389-94. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Demirel H. İzmir ili Menemen ilçesindeki ilköğretim ikinci kademe (6-7-8. sınıflar) öğrencilerinde obezite sıklığı ve beslenme davranışları. Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2011. google scholar
  • Paçacı S. Erzincan ili 6-10 yaş grubu çocuklarda obezite prevalansı ve etkileyen faktörler. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 2019. google scholar
  • İskender M, Tura G, Akgül Ö, Turtulla S. Orta okul öğrencilerinde aile ortamı, yeme tutumu ve obezite durumları arasındaki ilişki. International Journal of Human Sciences 2014;11(2):10-26. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Sancak R, Dündar C, Totan M, Çakır M, Sunter T, Küçüködük Ş. Ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinde obezite prevalansı ve predispozan faktörler. J Exp Clin Med 1999;16(1):19-24. google scholar
  • Nabavi M, Karimi B, Ghorbani R, mazlum Nabavi, M., Karimi, B., Ghorbani, R., Jafarabadi Mazlum M, Talebi M. Prevalence of obesity and some related factors among students aged 7 to 12 in Semnan, Iran. Payesh(Health Monitor) 2010;9(2):443-51. google scholar
  • Novaes JF, Lamounier JA, Colosimo EA, Franceschini SCC, Priore SE. Breastfeeding and obesity in Brazilian children. Eur J Public Health 2012;22(3):383-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Bruhn CAW et al. Estimating the population-level impact of vaccines using synthetic controls. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2017;114(7):1524-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Brands B, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. How growth due to infant nutrition influences obesity and later disease risk. Acta Paediatr 2014;103(6):578-85. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Wijlaars LPMM, Johnson L, Van Jaarsveld CHM, Wardle J. Socioeconomic status and weight gain in early infancy. Int J Obes 2011;35(7):963-70. Doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.88. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Gibbs BG, Forste R. Socioeconomic status, infant feeding practices and early childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2014;9(2):135-46. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Liang C, Niu HY, Lyu LZ, Wu YF, Zhang LW. Profiles of Intestinal Flora in Breastfed Obese Children and Selecting Functional Strains Against Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Uskun E, Öztürk M, Kişioğlu AN, Kırbıyıkk S, Demirel R. Risk factors of influencing the development of obesity in the primary education students. SDU Medical Faculty Journal 2005;12(2):19-25. google scholar
  • Yılmaz A, Kocataş S. Obesity prevalence, nutritional behaviors and physical activity levels in the secondary school students. Journal of Public Health Nursing 2019;1(3):66-83. google scholar
  • Tütüncü İ. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among students aged 5 to 15 years at 13 primary schools in Kastamonu city center. Acıbadem University, Journal of Health Science 2014;5(2):141-51. google scholar
  • Raja’a YA et al. Overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen. Ann Nutr Metab 2005;49(5):342-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Lamerz A, Kuepper-Nybelen J, Wehle C, Bruning N, Trost-Brinkhues G, Brenner H, et al. Social class, parental education, and obesity prevalence in a study of six-year-old children in Germany. Int J Obes 2005;29(4):373-80. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Daştan I, Çetinkaya V, Delice ME. The obesity and overweight prevalence among students between the ages of 7 and 18 in Izmir. Medical Journal of Bakirkoy 2014;10(4):139-46. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Üstün Karakaş E. The rate of obesity among primary school second stage students in tokat province and relevant factors. Erciyes Üniversity Institute of Health Sciences , 2019. google scholar
  • Fadime Figen Karahan. The prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in high schools students in Erzincan City Center. Atatürk University Institute of Health Sciences , Erzurum, 2015. google scholar
  • Lazzeri G, Pammolli A, Pilato V, Giacchi M V. Relationship between 8/9-yr-old school children BMI, parents’ BMI and educational level: a cross sectional survey. Nutr J 2011;10(1):76. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Babaoğlu K, Hatun Ş. Çocukluk çağında obezite. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi 2002;11(1):8-10. google scholar
  • Tchicaya A, Lorentz N. Relationship between children’s Body Mass Index and parents’ obesity and socioeconomic status: A multilevel analysis applied with Luxembourg data. Health N Hav 2014;06(17):2322-32. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Wardle J, Guthrie C, Sanderson S, Birch L, Plomin R. Food and activity preferences in children of lean and obese parents. Int J Obes 2001;25(7):971-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Julıusson PB, Eide GE, Roelants M, Waaler PE, Hauspie R, Bjerknes R. Overweight and obesity in Norwegian children: Prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 2010;99(6):900-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Li M et al. Pocket money, eating behaviors, and weight status among Chinese children: The Childhood Obesity Study in China mega-cities. Prev Med (Baltim) 2017;100:208-15. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Webb Jamme HT, Bahl D, Banerjee T. Between “broken windows” and the “eyes on the street:” walking to school in inner city San Diego. J Environ Psychol 2018;55:121-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Landsberg B, Plachta-Danielzik S, Much D, Johannsen M, Lange D, Müller MJ. Associations between active commuting to school, fat mass and lifestyle factors in adolescents: The Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62(6):739-47. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Patel SR, Hu FB. Short sleep duration and weight gain: A systematic review. Obesity 2008;16(3):643-53. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yılmaz MM. AÜTF çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları genel polikliniğine başvuran hastaların obezite prevalansı ve modifiye edilebilir risk faktörler. Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018. google scholar
  • The Kaiser Family Foundation. The role of media in childhood obesity. California; 2004. google scholar
  • Wiecha JL, Peterson KE, Ludwig DS, Kim J, Sobol A, Gortmaker SL. When children eat what they watch. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160(4):436. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Siddarth D. Risk factors for obesity in children and adults. Journal of Investigative Medicine 2013;61(6):1039-42. [CrossRef] google scholar

ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 87 Sayı: 2, 153 - 164, 27.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1392706

Öz

Objective: Childhood obesity has emerged as a pressing global public health issue. This study aims to examine the influence of individual, behavioral, and environmental factors on student body mass index (BMI), thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted determinants of obesity among children.
Material and Method: This study employed a crosssectional survey using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, physical activity, and dietary behavior data of students. In addition, the study administered a school information form to evaluate the physical condition of school buildings and quality of school canteen services.
Result: Among the students, 24% and 13% were in the overweight and obese categories, respectively. Mean student age was 12.41±1.13 years. The mean ages of students with obesity were significantly lower than those of students who were underweight or had normal weight. The distribution of student BMI according to obesity status among family members was statistically highly significant. Among students with obesity, the families of 30.1% were obese, whereas this percentage was 8.9% in families of students without obesity. The relationship between gender, age, family history of obesity, time spent watching TV, physical activity duration, canteen shopping frequency, and BMI distributions was significant. Mean distance between school and home was higher in the underweight/normal weight group than the other two groups. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Addressing childhood obesity requires a holistic approach encompassing various interventions targeting individual behaviors, environmental influences, and societal norms. By promoting physical activity, regulating food environments, and providing education on healthy diets, we can work together to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity, and promote the health and wellbeing of future generations.

Kaynakça

  • Ritchie H, Roser M. Obesity. Our World in Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/obesity. Accessed December 12, 2023. google scholar
  • Martos-Moreno GÂ, Barrios V, Munoz-Calvo MT, Pozo J, Chowen JA, Argente J. Principles and pitfalls in the differential diagnosis and management of childhood obesities. Advances in Nutrition 2014;5(3):299S-305S. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Pearce J, Witten K. Geographies of obesity: Environmental understandings of the obesity epidemic. Edinburgh. Edinburgh,UK: Ashgate Publishing; 2012. google scholar
  • Jansen A, Schyns G. Exposure to Promote Healthy Eating. J Contemp Psychother 2023;53(2):133-40. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Lee RE, McAlexander K, Banda J. Reversing the obesogenic environment physical activity intervention series. First Edition. Human Kinetics; 2011. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • World Health Organization. Overweight and obesity in the Western Pacific region. 2017. google scholar
  • Korkmaz A. Kocaeli ili Gebze ilçesindeki ilköğretim II.basamak (6-7-8.sınıflar) öğrencilerinde obezite sıklığı ve beslenme davranışları. Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2008. google scholar
  • Procter KL. Measuring the obesogenic environment of childhood obesity. University of Leeds, 2007. google scholar
  • Yılmazbaş P, Gökçay G. Childhood obesity and prevention. The Journal of Child 2018;18(3):103-12. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • de França FCO, Zandonadi RP, da Silva Santana ÎA, da Silva ICR, Akutsu R de CC de A. Food and Consumers’ Environment Inside and around Federal Public Schools in Bahia, Brazil. Nutrients 2024;16(2):201. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yılmaz M, Kundakçı GA, Dereli F, Oztornacı BO. Obesity prevalence and associated characteristics in primary school students. The Journal of Current Pediatrics 2019;17(1):127-40. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Gorin AMYA, Crane MM. The obesogenic environment. In: Jelalian E, and Steele RG, editors. Handbook of childhood and adolescent obesity. Boston: Springer; 2008. p. 145-62. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Ergün C, Terzi F. Fiziksel aktiviteyi teşvik edici yapılaşmış çevre etmenleri ile obeziteyi önlemek: İlköğretim öğrencilerinde okula yürüyerek erişim program. İstanbul; 2016. google scholar
  • WHO. Consideration of the evidence on childhood obesity for the commission on ending childhood obesity. Geneva; 2016. google scholar
  • Daniels SR. Complications of obesity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes 2009;33:S60-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • George, D., Mallery P. SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. 10th ed. Boston: Pearson; 2010. google scholar
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. Childhood Obesity Facts. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/ childhood.html. Accessed December 12, 2023. google scholar
  • Yi X, Yin C, Chang M, Xiao Y. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among school-aged children in Xi’an, China. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171(2):389-94. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Demirel H. İzmir ili Menemen ilçesindeki ilköğretim ikinci kademe (6-7-8. sınıflar) öğrencilerinde obezite sıklığı ve beslenme davranışları. Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2011. google scholar
  • Paçacı S. Erzincan ili 6-10 yaş grubu çocuklarda obezite prevalansı ve etkileyen faktörler. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 2019. google scholar
  • İskender M, Tura G, Akgül Ö, Turtulla S. Orta okul öğrencilerinde aile ortamı, yeme tutumu ve obezite durumları arasındaki ilişki. International Journal of Human Sciences 2014;11(2):10-26. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Sancak R, Dündar C, Totan M, Çakır M, Sunter T, Küçüködük Ş. Ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinde obezite prevalansı ve predispozan faktörler. J Exp Clin Med 1999;16(1):19-24. google scholar
  • Nabavi M, Karimi B, Ghorbani R, mazlum Nabavi, M., Karimi, B., Ghorbani, R., Jafarabadi Mazlum M, Talebi M. Prevalence of obesity and some related factors among students aged 7 to 12 in Semnan, Iran. Payesh(Health Monitor) 2010;9(2):443-51. google scholar
  • Novaes JF, Lamounier JA, Colosimo EA, Franceschini SCC, Priore SE. Breastfeeding and obesity in Brazilian children. Eur J Public Health 2012;22(3):383-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Bruhn CAW et al. Estimating the population-level impact of vaccines using synthetic controls. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2017;114(7):1524-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Brands B, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. How growth due to infant nutrition influences obesity and later disease risk. Acta Paediatr 2014;103(6):578-85. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Wijlaars LPMM, Johnson L, Van Jaarsveld CHM, Wardle J. Socioeconomic status and weight gain in early infancy. Int J Obes 2011;35(7):963-70. Doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.88. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Gibbs BG, Forste R. Socioeconomic status, infant feeding practices and early childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2014;9(2):135-46. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Liang C, Niu HY, Lyu LZ, Wu YF, Zhang LW. Profiles of Intestinal Flora in Breastfed Obese Children and Selecting Functional Strains Against Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Uskun E, Öztürk M, Kişioğlu AN, Kırbıyıkk S, Demirel R. Risk factors of influencing the development of obesity in the primary education students. SDU Medical Faculty Journal 2005;12(2):19-25. google scholar
  • Yılmaz A, Kocataş S. Obesity prevalence, nutritional behaviors and physical activity levels in the secondary school students. Journal of Public Health Nursing 2019;1(3):66-83. google scholar
  • Tütüncü İ. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among students aged 5 to 15 years at 13 primary schools in Kastamonu city center. Acıbadem University, Journal of Health Science 2014;5(2):141-51. google scholar
  • Raja’a YA et al. Overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen. Ann Nutr Metab 2005;49(5):342-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Lamerz A, Kuepper-Nybelen J, Wehle C, Bruning N, Trost-Brinkhues G, Brenner H, et al. Social class, parental education, and obesity prevalence in a study of six-year-old children in Germany. Int J Obes 2005;29(4):373-80. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Daştan I, Çetinkaya V, Delice ME. The obesity and overweight prevalence among students between the ages of 7 and 18 in Izmir. Medical Journal of Bakirkoy 2014;10(4):139-46. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Üstün Karakaş E. The rate of obesity among primary school second stage students in tokat province and relevant factors. Erciyes Üniversity Institute of Health Sciences , 2019. google scholar
  • Fadime Figen Karahan. The prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in high schools students in Erzincan City Center. Atatürk University Institute of Health Sciences , Erzurum, 2015. google scholar
  • Lazzeri G, Pammolli A, Pilato V, Giacchi M V. Relationship between 8/9-yr-old school children BMI, parents’ BMI and educational level: a cross sectional survey. Nutr J 2011;10(1):76. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Babaoğlu K, Hatun Ş. Çocukluk çağında obezite. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi 2002;11(1):8-10. google scholar
  • Tchicaya A, Lorentz N. Relationship between children’s Body Mass Index and parents’ obesity and socioeconomic status: A multilevel analysis applied with Luxembourg data. Health N Hav 2014;06(17):2322-32. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Wardle J, Guthrie C, Sanderson S, Birch L, Plomin R. Food and activity preferences in children of lean and obese parents. Int J Obes 2001;25(7):971-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Julıusson PB, Eide GE, Roelants M, Waaler PE, Hauspie R, Bjerknes R. Overweight and obesity in Norwegian children: Prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 2010;99(6):900-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Li M et al. Pocket money, eating behaviors, and weight status among Chinese children: The Childhood Obesity Study in China mega-cities. Prev Med (Baltim) 2017;100:208-15. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Webb Jamme HT, Bahl D, Banerjee T. Between “broken windows” and the “eyes on the street:” walking to school in inner city San Diego. J Environ Psychol 2018;55:121-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Landsberg B, Plachta-Danielzik S, Much D, Johannsen M, Lange D, Müller MJ. Associations between active commuting to school, fat mass and lifestyle factors in adolescents: The Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62(6):739-47. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Patel SR, Hu FB. Short sleep duration and weight gain: A systematic review. Obesity 2008;16(3):643-53. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yılmaz MM. AÜTF çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları genel polikliniğine başvuran hastaların obezite prevalansı ve modifiye edilebilir risk faktörler. Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018. google scholar
  • The Kaiser Family Foundation. The role of media in childhood obesity. California; 2004. google scholar
  • Wiecha JL, Peterson KE, Ludwig DS, Kim J, Sobol A, Gortmaker SL. When children eat what they watch. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160(4):436. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Siddarth D. Risk factors for obesity in children and adults. Journal of Investigative Medicine 2013;61(6):1039-42. [CrossRef] google scholar
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA
Yazarlar

Elnaz Karamelikli

Hülya Gül 0000-0002-2276-6184

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 87 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karamelikli, E., & Gül, H. (2024). ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 87(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1392706
AMA Karamelikli E, Gül H. ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. Mart 2024;87(2):153-164. doi:10.26650/IUITFD.1392706
Chicago Karamelikli, Elnaz, ve Hülya Gül. “ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 87, sy. 2 (Mart 2024): 153-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1392706.
EndNote Karamelikli E, Gül H (01 Mart 2024) ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 87 2 153–164.
IEEE E. Karamelikli ve H. Gül, “ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS”, İst Tıp Fak Derg, c. 87, sy. 2, ss. 153–164, 2024, doi: 10.26650/IUITFD.1392706.
ISNAD Karamelikli, Elnaz - Gül, Hülya. “ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 87/2 (Mart 2024), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1392706.
JAMA Karamelikli E, Gül H. ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2024;87:153–164.
MLA Karamelikli, Elnaz ve Hülya Gül. “ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, c. 87, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 153-64, doi:10.26650/IUITFD.1392706.
Vancouver Karamelikli E, Gül H. ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2024;87(2):153-64.

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