10-14 YAŞ ARALIĞINDAKİ ÇOCUKLARDA FAZLA KİLO/OBEZİTE GELİŞİMİNİ ETKİLEYEN BİREYSEL, DAVRANIŞSAL VE ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 87 Sayı: 2, 153 - 164, 27.03.2024

Elnaz Karamelikli , Hülya Gül

https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1392706

Öz

Amaç: Çocukluk çağı obezitesi önemli bir küresel halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) düzeylerini etkileyen çeşitli bireysel, davranışsal ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu şekilde, çocuklardaki obezitenin çok yönlü belirleyicilerinin daha derinlemesine anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik, fiziksel aktivite ve beslenme davranışları hakkında bilgi sağlayan yapılandırılmış bir anket formu, okulların fiziki durumunu ve okul kantinlerini değerlendirmek için de okul bilgi formu uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmadaki öğrencilerde fazla kilolu oranı %24, obezite oranı ise %13 saptanmıştır. Ortalama yaş, tüm öğrenciler için 12,41±1,13 olarak belirlendi. Obez öğrencilerin yaş ortalamaları, zayıf/normal kilolu öğrencilerinkinden önemli ölçüde daha düşüktü. Öğrencilerin VKİ'lerinin aile bireyleri arasındaki obezite durumuna göre dağılımı istatistiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı bulunmuştur. Obez öğrencilerin %30,1'inin aileleri obezdi, bu oran obez olmayan öğrencilerin ailelerinde %8,9'du. Zayıf/ normal kilolu grupta, okul ile ev arasındaki ortalama mesafe diğer iki gruptan daha yüksekti. Ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Çocukluk obezitesi ile başa çıkmak için bütünsel bir yaklaşım gereklidir ki bu, bireysel davranışları, çevresel etkileri ve toplumsal normları hedef alan çeşitli müdahaleleri içermelidir. Fiziksel aktiviteyi teşvik ederek, besin ortamlarını düzenleyerek ve sağlıklı beslenme konusunda eğitim vererek, çocukluk obezitesi salgınıyla mücadele edebilir ve böylelikle gelecek nesillerin sağlığını ve refahını artırabiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukluk çağı obezitesi, fazla kiloluk, halk sağlığı, okul, birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti

ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 10–14 YEARS

Öz

Objective: Childhood obesity has emerged as a pressing global public health issue. This study aims to examine the influence of individual, behavioral, and environmental factors on student body mass index (BMI), thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted determinants of obesity among children.
Material and Method: This study employed a crosssectional survey using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, physical activity, and dietary behavior data of students. In addition, the study administered a school information form to evaluate the physical condition of school buildings and quality of school canteen services.
Result: Among the students, 24% and 13% were in the overweight and obese categories, respectively. Mean student age was 12.41±1.13 years. The mean ages of students with obesity were significantly lower than those of students who were underweight or had normal weight. The distribution of student BMI according to obesity status among family members was statistically highly significant. Among students with obesity, the families of 30.1% were obese, whereas this percentage was 8.9% in families of students without obesity. The relationship between gender, age, family history of obesity, time spent watching TV, physical activity duration, canteen shopping frequency, and BMI distributions was significant. Mean distance between school and home was higher in the underweight/normal weight group than the other two groups. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Addressing childhood obesity requires a holistic approach encompassing various interventions targeting individual behaviors, environmental influences, and societal norms. By promoting physical activity, regulating food environments, and providing education on healthy diets, we can work together to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity, and promote the health and wellbeing of future generations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Childhood obesity, overweight, public health, school, primary health care

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