Bibliometric Analysis of International Studies on Climate Change in the Field of Architecture

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 30, 109 - 127

Nihal Zengin , Ruşen Yamaçlı

Öz

Cities are directly affected by climate change, which has many economic, environmental and social effects due to the building stock formed. The negative effects of climate change show themselves as an area that requires urgent intervention. Because unplanned urbanization, changes in transportation networks, rapid increase in the number of vehicles and the accelerated increase in the energy consumption rate are likely to put the city on a path that is difficult to reverse. It is stated that direct and indirect CO2 emissions from the building stock is approximately 40% (IEA, 2021). Since this amount of emission, which occurs depending on the amount of energy consumed before the construction of the building, during the construction phase and after the construction, i.e. throughout the life cycle of the building, directly negatively affects climate change, it reveals the need for studies on this subject. Bibliometric studies in a specific field provide documents related to that field. Bibliometric analysis is defined as a scientific method for quantitatively analyzing research conducted on a specific subject using mathematical methods (Yu et al., 2020). This method examines the characteristics of the documents to reveal the connections between different components of scientific research (Esen et al., 2020). In these studies, the number of publications and citations vary by year, the categories and types of the studies, the journals in which they are published and their indexes, the countries and author(s) that have a tendency towards the specified topic and are cited, and the common keywords used in the publications are obtained and interpreted as quantitative data. Bibliographic mapping is defined as the visualization of data obtained from different databases through the VOSviewer program. This program was developed by the Center for Science and Technology Research at Leiden University. It is software that is actively used for mapping and visualizing the obtained data (VOSviewer, 2023)

Anahtar Kelimeler

Architecture, Climate change, Bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer

Mimarlık Alanında İklim Değişikliği Konulu Uluslararası Çalışmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi

Öz

Günümüzde iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan olumsuz sonuçlar birçok alanda kendini göstermektedir. Özellikle bina stokunun tükettiği enerji kaynaklı karbon salınımlarındaki artış iklim değişikliğini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu durumda enerjiye daha az gereksinim duyan tasarımın önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. İklim değişikliğine uyum sağlamak ve etkileri azaltabilmek için birbirinden farklı disiplinlerde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırma makalesinde, mimarlık kategorisinde iklim değişikliğiyle ilgili yayınların bibliyometrik analizi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanından elde edilen bilgiler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 1975-2023 yılları arasında sınırlandırılarak 20-30 Ekim 2023 tarihleri arasında 1277 adet yayına erişilmiştir. Yapılan bibliyometrik analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler VOSviewer programı kullanılarak görsel ağ haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak en fazla çalışmanın ABD’de yapıldığı, 678 adet makalenin olduğu ve yaygın olarak İngilizce dilinde yazıldığı, sürdürülebilir kalkınma sürecinde bina tasarımında enerjinin etkin ve verimli kullanılması gerektiği, bu çalışmanın bütününde Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlamasıyla birlikte araştırmacı, akademisyen ve uygulama alanlarındaki önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mimarlık, İklim değişikliği, Bibliyometrik analiz, VOSviewer

Kaynakça

• Crane, D. (1969). Social Structure in a Group of Scientists: A Test of the Invisible College Hypothesis. American Sociological Review. American Sociological Association. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2092499
• Enerji, (2024). İklim değişikliği: 7 grafikte krizin neresindeyiz, her birimiz neler yapabiliriz? Erişim Adresi (21.04.2024): https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberlerdunya-51133428
• Esen, M., Bellibas, M.S. & Gumus, S. (2020), “The evolution of leadership research in higher education for two decades (1995-2014): a bibliometric and content analysis”, International Journal of Leadership in Education, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 259-273
• Frampton, K. (2007). Modern architecture: A critical history. London, Thames & Hudson.
• Fuller, S., Doggart J. & Everett R. (1982). Energy projects in Milton Keynes, Energy Consultative Unit Progress Report 1976-1981.
• GGMCF, (2024). Global gridded model of carbon footprints. Erişim Adresi (20.04.2024) https://www.citycarbonfootprints.info/.
• Haddad, S., Paolini, R., Ulpiani, G., Synnefa, A., Hatvani-Kovacs, G., Gar shasbi, S., Fox, J., Vasilakopoulou, K., Nield, L., & Santamouris, M. (2020). Holistic approach to assess co-benefits of local climate mitigation in a hot humid region of Australia. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 14216.
• He, B. J., Wang, J., Liu, H. & Ulpiani, G. (2021). Localized synergies between heat waves and urban heat islands, Implications on Human Thermal Comfort and Urban Heat Management. Environmental Research, 193, 110584.
• IEA (2021). Energy Efficiency. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-effic iency-2021.
• Janda, K. B., (2011). Buildings Don’t Use Energy: People Do. Architectural Science Review 54(1):15-22.
• Kiriyama, E., & Kajikawa, Y. (2014). A multilayered analysis of energy security research and the energy supply process. Appl Energy, 123, 415–423.
• Liang, H., Zhang, S. & Su, Y. (2020), “The structure and emerging trends of construction safety management research: a bibliometric review”, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 469-488.
• Martos A., Pacheco-Torres R., Ordonez J. & Jadraque-Gago E., (2016), Towards successful ~ environmental performance of sustainable cities: intervening sectors, A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 479–495.
• Nogueira, M., Lima, D. C. A. & Soares, P. M. M. (2020). An integrated approach to project the Future urban climate response: changes to Lisbon’s urban heat island and temperature extremes. Urban Climate, 34, 100683.
• Pritchard, A. (1969). Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics. Journal of Documentation, 25(4), 348–349.
• Rapor, 2024. World green building Council annual report. Erişim Adresi (21.04.2024): https://www.worldgbc.org/
• Sözlük, (2024). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. Erişim Adresi (07.03.2024): https://sozluk.gov.tr/
• TÜİK, (2024). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim Adresi (21.04.2024): https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sera-Gazi-Emisyon-Istatistikleri-1990-2021-49672#:~:text=Sera%20gaz%C4%B1%20envanteri%20sonu%C3%A7lar%C4%B1na%20g%C3%B6re,CO2%20e%C5%9Fd.%20olarak%20hesapland%C4%B1
• UN (2015). Paris Agreement. Erişim Adresi; (22.04.2024): http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf: United Nations UN-HABITAT. (2011). Cities and climate change. Global Report on Human Settlements. Earthscan, London.
• UN-HABITAT. (2016). Urbanisation and development. Emerging Futures.
• United Nations, (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022. Erişim Adresi (24.04.2024): https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf
• van Eck, N. J. & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 84(2), 523–538.
• Van Eck, N.J. & Waltman, L. (2020), “VOSviewer manual: manual for vosviewer version 1.6.16”, Universitat Leiden, Leiden, Vol. 1, pp. 1-53.
• VOSviewer, (2023). Erişim Adresi (25.11.2023): https://www.vosviewer.com
• Wang, J., & Liu, Z. (2014). A bibliometric analysis on rural studies in human geography and related disciplines. Scientometrics, 101(1), 39–59.
• Wang, Y., Wang, A., Zhai, J., Tao, H., Jiang, T. & Su, B. (2019). Tens of thousands additional deaths annually in cities of China between 1.5 ◦C and 2.0 ◦C warming. Nature Communications, 10(1), 3376
• Web of Science, (2024). Erişim Adresi (28.04.2024): https://www.webofscience.com/WoS/WoScc/basic-search
• WEF. (2022). Biodivercities by 2030: transforming cities’ relationship with nature report. Geneva: WEF.
• Wilby, R. L. (2008). Constructing climate change scenarios of urban heat island intensity and air quality. Environment and Planning B, 35(5), 902–919.
• Yu, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Gu, Z., Zhong, H., Zha, Q., Yang, L., Zhu, C. &Chen, E. (2020). A bibliometric analysis using vosviewer of publications on covid-19, Annals of Translational Medicine, Vol. 8 No. 13, p. 816
• Zhang, Y., Pu, S., Liu, X., Gao, Y., & Ge, L. (2020). Global trends and prospects in microplastics research: A bibliometric analysis. J Hazard Mater, 400, 123110.Duffie, B. (2012). Composer Ernst Krenek: A conversation with Bruce Duffie. Yale University.