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“and now we’re here: the Plasticene”: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 39 - 60, 21.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510

Öz

Dearly, first published in 2020, is the latest poetry collection of the acclaimed writer, Margaret Atwood. In Dearly, Atwood revisits some of her favourite themes and subjects such as love, loss, time, ageing, sexuality, gender, nature, and environment. The book is divided into five sections, and the poems grouped in the same section revolve around a common theme. In section IV, the poems grouped under the title of “Plasticene Suite” discuss the increasing amount of plastic waste as the distinctive anthropogenic marker of our age. Accordingly, each poem focuses on a different aspect and consequence of this environmental problem. The primary objective of this study is to analyse Plasticene Suite poems, namely “Rock-Like Object on Beach”, “Faint Hopes”, “Foliage”, “Midway Island Albatross”, “Editorial Notes”, “Sorcerer’s Apprentice”, “Whales”, “Little Robot”, and “The Bright Side” from Dearly through the lens of ecopoetry to reveal Atwood’s criticism of the anthropogenic factors contributing to the current ecological crisis, particularly the ever-increasing generation of plastic waste, and to comment on contemporary poetry’s awareness of and power to address the pressing environmental issues. The study also contends that ecopoetic readings of Plasticene Suite poems can help raise awareness about the rise in plastic waste during and after the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In that sense, the ecopoetic readings of Plasticene Suite poems can urge us to reconsider our dependence on plastic and encourage us to adopt sustainable practices and habits by promoting consciousness about this pressing environmental problem.

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, I. (n.d.). Plastic Pollution. In UN Environment Programme. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/plastic-pollution#:~:text=Plastic%20pollution%20can% 20alter%20habitats, t%20exist%20in%20a%20vacuum google scholar
  • Andrew, S. (2020, November 13). Welcoming Disillusionment: PW Talks with Margaret Atwood. In Publishers Weekly. Retrieved from https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/interviews/article/84874-welcoming-disillusionment-pw-talks-with-margaret-atwood.html google scholar
  • Astley, N. (2017). Earth Shattering: Eecopoems. Northumberland: Bloodaxe. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2014). Are Humans Necessary?. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes. com/2014/12/04/opinion/margaret-atwood-on-our-robotic-future.html google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020a). Rock-Like Object on Beach. In Dearly (p. 83). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020b). Editorial Notes. In Dearly (p. 87). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020c). Faint Hopes. In Dearly (p. 84). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020d). Foliage. In Dearly (p. 85). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020e). Little Robot. In Dearly (pp. 91-92). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020f). Midway Island Albatross. In Dearly (p. 86). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020g). Sorcerer’s Apprentice. In Dearly (p. 88). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020h). The Bright Side. In Dearly (pp. 93-94). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020i). Whales. In Dearly (pp. 89-90). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Bate, J. (2001). The Song of the Earth. London: Picador. google scholar
  • Bryson, J. S. (2005). The West Side of Any Mountain: Place, Space, and Ecopoetry. United States of America: University of Iowa Press. google scholar
  • Buell, L. (2005). The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. UK: Blackwell Publishing. google scholar
  • Crutzen, P. & Stoermer, E. (2000). The “Anthropocene”. IGBP Newsletter, 41, 17-18. http://people.whitman. edu/~frierspr/Crutzen%20and%20Stoermer%202000%20AnthroAnthro%20essay.pdf google scholar
  • Davis, H. (2015). Life & Death in the Anthropocene: A Short History of Plastic. In H. Davis & E. Turpin (Eds.), Art in the Anthropocene (pp. 347-358). London: Open Humanities Press. google scholar
  • DeLoughrey, E. M. (2019). Allegories of the Anthropocene. Durham and London: Duke University Press. google scholar
  • Dobrin, S. I. (2021). Blue Ecocriticism and the Oceanic Imperative. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Fromm, H. (1996). From Transcendence to Obsolescence: A Route Map. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. 30-39). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Gifford, T. (1996). The Social Construction of Nature. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 3(2), 27-35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44085427 google scholar
  • Glotfelty, C. (1996). Introduction: Literary Studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. xv-xxxvii). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Hass, R. (2013). American Ecopoetry: An Introduction. In A. Fisher-Wirth & L. G. Street (Eds.), The Ecopoetry Anthology (pp. xli-lxv). San Antonio, Texas: Trinity University Press. google scholar
  • Heise, U. K. (1997). Science and Ecocriticism. The American Book Review, 18(5), 1-4. Retrieved from https://www. asle.org/wp-content/uploads/ASLE_Primer_Heise.pdf google scholar
  • Howarth, W. (1996). Some Principles of Ecocriticism. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. 69-91). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Iovino, S. & Oppermann, S. (2012). Theorizing Material Ecocriticism: A Diptych. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 19(3), 448-475. doi.10.1093/isle/iss087 google scholar
  • Iovino, S. & Oppermann, S. (2014). Introduction: Stories Come to Matter. In S. Iovino & S. Oppermann (Eds.), Material Ecocriticism (pp. 1-20). United States of America: Indiana University Press. google scholar
  • Iovino, S. (2012). Steps to Material Ecocriticism: The Recent Literature About the “New Materialisms” and its Implications for Ecological Theory. Ecozona, 3(1), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2012.3.1.461 google scholar
  • Leber, J. (2019, November 25). Margaret Atwood Insists Birds Matter to Everyone - Whether They Realize It or Not. In Audubon Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.audubon.org/news/margaret-atwood-insists-birds-matter-everyone-whether-they-realize-it-or-not google scholar
  • Lidström, S. & Garrard, G. (2014). ‘Images adequate to our predicament’: Ecology, Environment and Ecopoetics. Environmental Humanities, 5, 35-53. google scholar
  • Love, G. A. (1990). Revaluing Nature: Toward An Ecological Criticism. Western American Literature, 25(3), 201-215. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43020652 google scholar
  • —— (2003). Practical Ecocriticism: Literature, Biology, and the Environment. United States of America: University of Virginia Press. google scholar
  • Marx, L. (2000). The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • McMillan, J. (2020, November 8). Book Review: Dearly, by Margaret Atwood. In The Scotsman. Retrieved from https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/book-review-dearly-by-margaret-atwood-3026183 google scholar
  • Moore, J. W. (2016). Introduction. In J. W. Moore (Ed.), Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism (pp. 11-13). United States of America: Kairos. google scholar
  • Oppermann, S. (2016). From Material to Posthuman Ecocriticism: Hybridity, Stories, Natures. In H. Zapf (Ed.), Handbook of Ecocriticism and Cultural Ecology (pp. 273-294). Berlin: DeGruyter. google scholar
  • Rangel-Buitargo, N., Neal, W. & Williams, A. (2022). The Plasticene: Time and Rocks. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114358 google scholar
  • Rueckert, W. (1996). Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. 105-123). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Schneider-Mayerson, M., Von Mossner, A. W., Malecki, W. P. & Hakemulder, F. (2023). Introduction: Toward an Integrated Approach to Environmental Narratives and Social Change. In M. Schneider-Mayerson, A. W. Von Mossner, W. P. Malecki & F. Hakemulder (Eds.), Empirical Ecocriticism: Environmental Narratives for Social Change (pp. 1-32). United States of America: University of Minnesota Press. google scholar
  • Slovic, S. & Slovic, P. (2015a). Introduction: The Psychophysics of Brightness and the Value of Life. In S. Slovic & P. Slovic (Eds.), Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion and Meaning in a World of Data (pp. 1-22). United States of America: Oregon State University Press. google scholar
  • Slovic, S. & Slovic, P. (2015b). Interviews on the Communication of Numerical Information to the General Public. In S. Slovic & P. Slovic (Eds.), Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion and Meaning in a World of Data (pp. 165-170). United States of America: Oregon State University Press. google scholar
  • UN Environment Programme. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/interactives/beat-plastic-pollution/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAzc2tBhA6EiwArv-i6VPmNZndaciJwbTmWyQynS4cwNkfF1paOK eAaJ3DCN4as7qvnnfJEBoCR8EQAvE_BwE google scholar
  • Zalasiewicz, J., et al. (2016). The Geological Cycle of Plastics and Their Use as a Stratigraphic Indicator of the Anthropocene. Anthropocene, 13, 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.002 google scholar
  • Zettler, E. R. Mincer, T. J. & Amaral-Zettler, L. A. (2013). Life in the “Plastisphere”: Microbial Communities on Plastic Marine Debris. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 7137-7146. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401288x google scholar
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 39 - 60, 21.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, I. (n.d.). Plastic Pollution. In UN Environment Programme. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/plastic-pollution#:~:text=Plastic%20pollution%20can% 20alter%20habitats, t%20exist%20in%20a%20vacuum google scholar
  • Andrew, S. (2020, November 13). Welcoming Disillusionment: PW Talks with Margaret Atwood. In Publishers Weekly. Retrieved from https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/interviews/article/84874-welcoming-disillusionment-pw-talks-with-margaret-atwood.html google scholar
  • Astley, N. (2017). Earth Shattering: Eecopoems. Northumberland: Bloodaxe. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2014). Are Humans Necessary?. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes. com/2014/12/04/opinion/margaret-atwood-on-our-robotic-future.html google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020a). Rock-Like Object on Beach. In Dearly (p. 83). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020b). Editorial Notes. In Dearly (p. 87). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020c). Faint Hopes. In Dearly (p. 84). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020d). Foliage. In Dearly (p. 85). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020e). Little Robot. In Dearly (pp. 91-92). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020f). Midway Island Albatross. In Dearly (p. 86). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020g). Sorcerer’s Apprentice. In Dearly (p. 88). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020h). The Bright Side. In Dearly (pp. 93-94). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Atwood, M. (2020i). Whales. In Dearly (pp. 89-90). United Kingdom: Chatto & Windus. google scholar
  • Bate, J. (2001). The Song of the Earth. London: Picador. google scholar
  • Bryson, J. S. (2005). The West Side of Any Mountain: Place, Space, and Ecopoetry. United States of America: University of Iowa Press. google scholar
  • Buell, L. (2005). The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. UK: Blackwell Publishing. google scholar
  • Crutzen, P. & Stoermer, E. (2000). The “Anthropocene”. IGBP Newsletter, 41, 17-18. http://people.whitman. edu/~frierspr/Crutzen%20and%20Stoermer%202000%20AnthroAnthro%20essay.pdf google scholar
  • Davis, H. (2015). Life & Death in the Anthropocene: A Short History of Plastic. In H. Davis & E. Turpin (Eds.), Art in the Anthropocene (pp. 347-358). London: Open Humanities Press. google scholar
  • DeLoughrey, E. M. (2019). Allegories of the Anthropocene. Durham and London: Duke University Press. google scholar
  • Dobrin, S. I. (2021). Blue Ecocriticism and the Oceanic Imperative. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Fromm, H. (1996). From Transcendence to Obsolescence: A Route Map. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. 30-39). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Gifford, T. (1996). The Social Construction of Nature. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 3(2), 27-35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44085427 google scholar
  • Glotfelty, C. (1996). Introduction: Literary Studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. xv-xxxvii). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Hass, R. (2013). American Ecopoetry: An Introduction. In A. Fisher-Wirth & L. G. Street (Eds.), The Ecopoetry Anthology (pp. xli-lxv). San Antonio, Texas: Trinity University Press. google scholar
  • Heise, U. K. (1997). Science and Ecocriticism. The American Book Review, 18(5), 1-4. Retrieved from https://www. asle.org/wp-content/uploads/ASLE_Primer_Heise.pdf google scholar
  • Howarth, W. (1996). Some Principles of Ecocriticism. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. 69-91). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Iovino, S. & Oppermann, S. (2012). Theorizing Material Ecocriticism: A Diptych. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 19(3), 448-475. doi.10.1093/isle/iss087 google scholar
  • Iovino, S. & Oppermann, S. (2014). Introduction: Stories Come to Matter. In S. Iovino & S. Oppermann (Eds.), Material Ecocriticism (pp. 1-20). United States of America: Indiana University Press. google scholar
  • Iovino, S. (2012). Steps to Material Ecocriticism: The Recent Literature About the “New Materialisms” and its Implications for Ecological Theory. Ecozona, 3(1), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2012.3.1.461 google scholar
  • Leber, J. (2019, November 25). Margaret Atwood Insists Birds Matter to Everyone - Whether They Realize It or Not. In Audubon Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.audubon.org/news/margaret-atwood-insists-birds-matter-everyone-whether-they-realize-it-or-not google scholar
  • Lidström, S. & Garrard, G. (2014). ‘Images adequate to our predicament’: Ecology, Environment and Ecopoetics. Environmental Humanities, 5, 35-53. google scholar
  • Love, G. A. (1990). Revaluing Nature: Toward An Ecological Criticism. Western American Literature, 25(3), 201-215. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43020652 google scholar
  • —— (2003). Practical Ecocriticism: Literature, Biology, and the Environment. United States of America: University of Virginia Press. google scholar
  • Marx, L. (2000). The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • McMillan, J. (2020, November 8). Book Review: Dearly, by Margaret Atwood. In The Scotsman. Retrieved from https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/book-review-dearly-by-margaret-atwood-3026183 google scholar
  • Moore, J. W. (2016). Introduction. In J. W. Moore (Ed.), Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism (pp. 11-13). United States of America: Kairos. google scholar
  • Oppermann, S. (2016). From Material to Posthuman Ecocriticism: Hybridity, Stories, Natures. In H. Zapf (Ed.), Handbook of Ecocriticism and Cultural Ecology (pp. 273-294). Berlin: DeGruyter. google scholar
  • Rangel-Buitargo, N., Neal, W. & Williams, A. (2022). The Plasticene: Time and Rocks. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114358 google scholar
  • Rueckert, W. (1996). Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (pp. 105-123). United States of America: University of Georgia Press. google scholar
  • Schneider-Mayerson, M., Von Mossner, A. W., Malecki, W. P. & Hakemulder, F. (2023). Introduction: Toward an Integrated Approach to Environmental Narratives and Social Change. In M. Schneider-Mayerson, A. W. Von Mossner, W. P. Malecki & F. Hakemulder (Eds.), Empirical Ecocriticism: Environmental Narratives for Social Change (pp. 1-32). United States of America: University of Minnesota Press. google scholar
  • Slovic, S. & Slovic, P. (2015a). Introduction: The Psychophysics of Brightness and the Value of Life. In S. Slovic & P. Slovic (Eds.), Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion and Meaning in a World of Data (pp. 1-22). United States of America: Oregon State University Press. google scholar
  • Slovic, S. & Slovic, P. (2015b). Interviews on the Communication of Numerical Information to the General Public. In S. Slovic & P. Slovic (Eds.), Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion and Meaning in a World of Data (pp. 165-170). United States of America: Oregon State University Press. google scholar
  • UN Environment Programme. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/interactives/beat-plastic-pollution/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAzc2tBhA6EiwArv-i6VPmNZndaciJwbTmWyQynS4cwNkfF1paOK eAaJ3DCN4as7qvnnfJEBoCR8EQAvE_BwE google scholar
  • Zalasiewicz, J., et al. (2016). The Geological Cycle of Plastics and Their Use as a Stratigraphic Indicator of the Anthropocene. Anthropocene, 13, 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.002 google scholar
  • Zettler, E. R. Mincer, T. J. & Amaral-Zettler, L. A. (2013). Life in the “Plastisphere”: Microbial Communities on Plastic Marine Debris. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 7137-7146. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401288x google scholar
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Merve Altın 0000-0002-2129-7347

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 19 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Altın, M. (2024). “and now we’re here: the Plasticene”: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 34(1), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510
AMA Altın M. “and now we’re here: the Plasticene”: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly. Litera. Haziran 2024;34(1):39-60. doi:10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510
Chicago Altın, Merve. “‘and Now we’re Here: The Plasticene’: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 34, sy. 1 (Haziran 2024): 39-60. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510.
EndNote Altın M (01 Haziran 2024) “and now we’re here: the Plasticene”: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 34 1 39–60.
IEEE M. Altın, “‘and now we’re here: the Plasticene’: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly”, Litera, c. 34, sy. 1, ss. 39–60, 2024, doi: 10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510.
ISNAD Altın, Merve. “‘and Now we’re Here: The Plasticene’: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 34/1 (Haziran 2024), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510.
JAMA Altın M. “and now we’re here: the Plasticene”: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly. Litera. 2024;34:39–60.
MLA Altın, Merve. “‘and Now we’re Here: The Plasticene’: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, c. 34, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 39-60, doi:10.26650/LITERA2023-1387510.
Vancouver Altın M. “and now we’re here: the Plasticene”: Ecological Awareness in Margaret Atwood’s Recent Poetry Collection, Dearly. Litera. 2024;34(1):39-60.